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Industrial waste fluids as additive agent of coal water slurry
02
Liquid fuels (derived liquid fuels)
95102475
High performance llquld chromatography of coal II usfactlon process streams using normal-phase arparatlon w7th diode arrav detectlon
95102484
McKinney, D. E. *et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994. 39. 13). 835-839. Des&e; i& separation, chracterization, and quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) of a limited series of samples which depict a broad ring of liquefaction process conditions using a newly developed normal-phase HPLC column, the Hypersil PAH-2, coupled with a UVdiode array detector. The method has great potential for the characterization of liquefaction process streams along with other extracts of natural products containing high concentrations of PAH.
Bahadur, N. P. et al., Energy & Fuels, Mar.-Apr. 1995, 9, (2), 248-256. The physical fuel properties which are routinely used to define fuel quality were measured for the unrefined hydrocarbon liquids produced by the pyrolysis of sewage sludge lipid, a carboxylic acid-rich substrate and canola oil (a triglyceride) over activated alumina at 450°C and atmospheric pressure; comparisons were made with the properties of diesel. The measured properties included cloud point, pour point, specific gravity, viscosity, distillation range, cetane index, flash point, heat of combustion, water and sediment, ash, carbon residue, and elemental analysis. Pyrolrsls products were also analyzed by gas chromatography and infrared and 3C NMR spectroscopy.
Hydrodeaulfurlzatlon of model systems ualng slurry-phase catalysta
95102476
r. 1995, 9, (2), 195-203. Curtis, C. W. et al., Energy & Fuels, Mar.Discusses the activity and selectivity of slurry Ag p ase catalysts composed of iron, molybdenum, nickel, and cobalt for hydrodesulphurization of sulphur-containing compounds. The sulphur compounds which represent sulphur containing moieties in coal were benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, and 5-methyl-8-(1-methylethyl)dibenzothiophen-4-01.
Hydro en moblllty of coal and solvent under coal llquefactlon condlt aona - Estlmatlon of hydrogen transfer using trltlum tracer methods Isiis;;, A. et al., Prepr.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Per. Chem., 1994, 39, (3), 95102477
Disc&&s the reaction of Tetralin, Decalin, and 1-methylnaphthalene with tritium in the presence or absence of coal to estimate the hydrogen mobility of solvents and coal. Describes the hydrogen exchange reaction between gas phase, coal and solvents.
Hydrogen transfer In coal/o11co-processing ualng alternatlve oil feedatocka
95102478
Bad er, M. W. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am Chem. Sot., Div. Per Chem., 1994, 39, b), 438-441. The paper describes a two-stage coal li uefaction with recycle of solvent, and the use oil produced from the pyro ‘fysls. of scrap tyres.
H drogan transfer promoted rlng growth during catalytic rerld K ydroproceaalng
Llquld h drocarbona from catalytic yrolyala of sewage sludge llplEy and canola 011: Evaluat Pon of fuel propertlea
Tha measurement of phase aqulllbrla for process streams at operatlng temperatures and the lmpllcatlona for the CRE llquefactlon project
95102405
Waller, A. and Walton, s. T. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994, 39, (4), 1200-1204. Describes the operation by CRE of the liquefaction solvent extraction processes at its pilot plant in North Wales, UK. The process involves feeding pulverized coal, slurried with a solvent, to a digester in which much of the coal is dissolved. Filtration removes residual solids. The coal solution is fed to an ebuliating bed hydrocracker, together with hydrogen at 200 bar at 425’. The catalytic reaction adds h drogen to the coal solution which is distilled to recover solvent and yiel dy a product. The vessels and pipework are externally heated to ensure that liquids can be pumped but temperatures are not high enough to initiate regressive reactions with consequent formation of carbonaceous solids.
Mechanisms of Iron-baaed catalyala Investigated using model compounds
95102486
Linehan, J. C. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994, 39, (3), 720-722. The catalytic mechanism of highly active, nanophase, iron-based coal liquefaction catalysts was investigated using a series of model compounds. The results of the model compound studies and their relationship to possible reaction mechanisms are presented.
95102479
McMillen, D. F. et aL, Prepr.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Pet Chem., 1994,39, [3), 422-425. Field ionization mass spectrometry and GC-MS were used to identify and quantify coke precursors during catalytic upgrading of coal-derived residues and the pyrolysis of long-chain alkylpyrenes. Discusses the mechanism of the cleavage of strong bonds by hydrodealkylation.
Hydrogen transfer reactions In the cracking of decalln over small crystallite rare earth contalnlng Y-zeolltea
95iO2400
Sousa-Aguiar, E. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am Chem Sot., Div. Per Chem., 1994, 39, (3), 356-3.59. The paper describes the cracking of a mixture of cis- and trans-decalin over small crystallite REHY zeolites.
lndustrlal waste fluids as addltlva agent of coal 95/02491 water slurry Zhou, D. er al., Mei Huagong, 1994, (l), 23-27. (In Chinese) Discusses the use of industrial waste liquids as additives for coal water slurries.
Influence of the porous texture of coals on their hydrogenatlon processes catalyzed by Fe
95102482
Rivera-Utrilla, J. et al., Energy&Fuels, Mar.-Apr. 1995, 9, (2), 319-323. Nine coals from S anish, British, German, and American mining basins were hydrogenatec? usmg Fe catalyst precursors (red mud and FeSO,), without solvent at 300,. 3.50, and 400°C and 10 MPa of H,. Overall conversion and product distnbution are related to the textural characteristics of the original coals and are studied throughout the distinct hydrogenation processes. Results reveal that with FeSO, as a catalyst precursor, conversions increase with coal surface area. However, when red mud is used, conversions are independent of coal textural characteristics.
Klnetlca of coal Ilquafactlon: lntarpretatlon of data (Communlcatlon)
95102403
Weller, S. W.
Energy & Fuels, Mar.-Apr.
1995, 9, (2), 384-385.
95102487 Micro-PIXE anal ala of framboldal pyrlte and aaaoelated maceral types In oil a1:ale Graham, U. M. and Robertson, J. D. Fuel, Apr. 1995, 74, (4), 530-535. The elemental compositions of framboidal pyrite and associated maceral types of a Devonian oil shale were investigated using a micro-analysis particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique. The majority of the PIXE analyses were performed using a 750 keV proton beam to investigate sulphur and iron concentrations. Trace metals in the framboids and associated macerals were analysed using a proton bombarding energy of 3 MeV. The S/Fe atomic ratios and trace element compositions of the framboids and associated bituminite and alginite macerals are compared and a mechanism of formation of framboids in shales is proposed. It is suggested that the formation of framboids may depend on the elemental concentration in the neighbouring organic phase, in this case the bituminite macerals.
Model hydrocracklng reactions over monometalllc and blmetalllc dlaperaed catalysts
95102400
Schmidt, E. and Song, C. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994, 39, (3), 733-737. Catalyst precursors of coal liquefaction were studied using 4-(1and 4naphthylmethyl)biben+yl as model corn und. Naphthalene when (NH,),MoS, and MoCl, methylbibenzyl were predominantly forme dpo precursors were used. Lewis acid-type catalyst gave lower selectivity to the with relatively larger amounts of methylteprimary products, trahydronaphthaleneand methylnaphthalene-derivatives.
Modeling hydrollquefactlon
95102489
of
the
global
process
of
coal
Oiiawe, k. P. et al., Prepr. Paps-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Pet. Chem., 1994, 39, (3), 339-343. Disc&es modelling of the global process of coal hydroliquefaction. Two steps in the process are: stabilization of the free radicals originating from thermal decomposition of radical precursors (e.g. benzyl Ph ether (I) with H transfer from hydroaromatic solvents; and the role on the 1 decomposition and re-hydrogenation of the solvent with gaseous H and H,S.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1995
193
Liquid fuels (derived liquid fuels)
95102475
High performance llquld chromatography of coal II usfactlon process streams using normal-phase arparatlon w7th diode arrav detectlon
95102484
McKinney, D. E. *et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994. 39. 13). 835-839. Des&e; i& separation, chracterization, and quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) of a limited series of samples which depict a broad ring of liquefaction process conditions using a newly developed normal-phase HPLC column, the Hypersil PAH-2, coupled with a UVdiode array detector. The method has great potential for the characterization of liquefaction process streams along with other extracts of natural products containing high concentrations of PAH.
Bahadur, N. P. et al., Energy & Fuels, Mar.-Apr. 1995, 9, (2), 248-256. The physical fuel properties which are routinely used to define fuel quality were measured for the unrefined hydrocarbon liquids produced by the pyrolysis of sewage sludge lipid, a carboxylic acid-rich substrate and canola oil (a triglyceride) over activated alumina at 450°C and atmospheric pressure; comparisons were made with the properties of diesel. The measured properties included cloud point, pour point, specific gravity, viscosity, distillation range, cetane index, flash point, heat of combustion, water and sediment, ash, carbon residue, and elemental analysis. Pyrolrsls products were also analyzed by gas chromatography and infrared and 3C NMR spectroscopy.
Hydrodeaulfurlzatlon of model systems ualng slurry-phase catalysta
95102476
r. 1995, 9, (2), 195-203. Curtis, C. W. et al., Energy & Fuels, Mar.Discusses the activity and selectivity of slurry Ag p ase catalysts composed of iron, molybdenum, nickel, and cobalt for hydrodesulphurization of sulphur-containing compounds. The sulphur compounds which represent sulphur containing moieties in coal were benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, and 5-methyl-8-(1-methylethyl)dibenzothiophen-4-01.
Hydro en moblllty of coal and solvent under coal llquefactlon condlt aona - Estlmatlon of hydrogen transfer using trltlum tracer methods Isiis;;, A. et al., Prepr.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Per. Chem., 1994, 39, (3), 95102477
Disc&&s the reaction of Tetralin, Decalin, and 1-methylnaphthalene with tritium in the presence or absence of coal to estimate the hydrogen mobility of solvents and coal. Describes the hydrogen exchange reaction between gas phase, coal and solvents.
Hydrogen transfer In coal/o11co-processing ualng alternatlve oil feedatocka
95102478
Bad er, M. W. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am Chem. Sot., Div. Per Chem., 1994, 39, b), 438-441. The paper describes a two-stage coal li uefaction with recycle of solvent, and the use oil produced from the pyro ‘fysls. of scrap tyres.
H drogan transfer promoted rlng growth during catalytic rerld K ydroproceaalng
Llquld h drocarbona from catalytic yrolyala of sewage sludge llplEy and canola 011: Evaluat Pon of fuel propertlea
Tha measurement of phase aqulllbrla for process streams at operatlng temperatures and the lmpllcatlona for the CRE llquefactlon project
95102405
Waller, A. and Walton, s. T. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994, 39, (4), 1200-1204. Describes the operation by CRE of the liquefaction solvent extraction processes at its pilot plant in North Wales, UK. The process involves feeding pulverized coal, slurried with a solvent, to a digester in which much of the coal is dissolved. Filtration removes residual solids. The coal solution is fed to an ebuliating bed hydrocracker, together with hydrogen at 200 bar at 425’. The catalytic reaction adds h drogen to the coal solution which is distilled to recover solvent and yiel dy a product. The vessels and pipework are externally heated to ensure that liquids can be pumped but temperatures are not high enough to initiate regressive reactions with consequent formation of carbonaceous solids.
Mechanisms of Iron-baaed catalyala Investigated using model compounds
95102486
Linehan, J. C. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994, 39, (3), 720-722. The catalytic mechanism of highly active, nanophase, iron-based coal liquefaction catalysts was investigated using a series of model compounds. The results of the model compound studies and their relationship to possible reaction mechanisms are presented.
95102479
McMillen, D. F. et aL, Prepr.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Pet Chem., 1994,39, [3), 422-425. Field ionization mass spectrometry and GC-MS were used to identify and quantify coke precursors during catalytic upgrading of coal-derived residues and the pyrolysis of long-chain alkylpyrenes. Discusses the mechanism of the cleavage of strong bonds by hydrodealkylation.
Hydrogen transfer reactions In the cracking of decalln over small crystallite rare earth contalnlng Y-zeolltea
95iO2400
Sousa-Aguiar, E. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am Chem Sot., Div. Per Chem., 1994, 39, (3), 356-3.59. The paper describes the cracking of a mixture of cis- and trans-decalin over small crystallite REHY zeolites.
lndustrlal waste fluids as addltlva agent of coal 95/02491 water slurry Zhou, D. er al., Mei Huagong, 1994, (l), 23-27. (In Chinese) Discusses the use of industrial waste liquids as additives for coal water slurries.
Influence of the porous texture of coals on their hydrogenatlon processes catalyzed by Fe
95102482
Rivera-Utrilla, J. et al., Energy&Fuels, Mar.-Apr. 1995, 9, (2), 319-323. Nine coals from S anish, British, German, and American mining basins were hydrogenatec? usmg Fe catalyst precursors (red mud and FeSO,), without solvent at 300,. 3.50, and 400°C and 10 MPa of H,. Overall conversion and product distnbution are related to the textural characteristics of the original coals and are studied throughout the distinct hydrogenation processes. Results reveal that with FeSO, as a catalyst precursor, conversions increase with coal surface area. However, when red mud is used, conversions are independent of coal textural characteristics.
Klnetlca of coal Ilquafactlon: lntarpretatlon of data (Communlcatlon)
95102403
Weller, S. W.
Energy & Fuels, Mar.-Apr.
1995, 9, (2), 384-385.
95102487 Micro-PIXE anal ala of framboldal pyrlte and aaaoelated maceral types In oil a1:ale Graham, U. M. and Robertson, J. D. Fuel, Apr. 1995, 74, (4), 530-535. The elemental compositions of framboidal pyrite and associated maceral types of a Devonian oil shale were investigated using a micro-analysis particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique. The majority of the PIXE analyses were performed using a 750 keV proton beam to investigate sulphur and iron concentrations. Trace metals in the framboids and associated macerals were analysed using a proton bombarding energy of 3 MeV. The S/Fe atomic ratios and trace element compositions of the framboids and associated bituminite and alginite macerals are compared and a mechanism of formation of framboids in shales is proposed. It is suggested that the formation of framboids may depend on the elemental concentration in the neighbouring organic phase, in this case the bituminite macerals.
Model hydrocracklng reactions over monometalllc and blmetalllc dlaperaed catalysts
95102400
Schmidt, E. and Song, C. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994, 39, (3), 733-737. Catalyst precursors of coal liquefaction were studied using 4-(1and 4naphthylmethyl)biben+yl as model corn und. Naphthalene when (NH,),MoS, and MoCl, methylbibenzyl were predominantly forme dpo precursors were used. Lewis acid-type catalyst gave lower selectivity to the with relatively larger amounts of methylteprimary products, trahydronaphthaleneand methylnaphthalene-derivatives.
Modeling hydrollquefactlon
95102489
of
the
global
process
of
coal
Oiiawe, k. P. et al., Prepr. Paps-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Pet. Chem., 1994, 39, (3), 339-343. Disc&es modelling of the global process of coal hydroliquefaction. Two steps in the process are: stabilization of the free radicals originating from thermal decomposition of radical precursors (e.g. benzyl Ph ether (I) with H transfer from hydroaromatic solvents; and the role on the 1 decomposition and re-hydrogenation of the solvent with gaseous H and H,S.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1995
193