01173 Gasification combined-cycle power generation apparatus

01173 Gasification combined-cycle power generation apparatus

18 00/01167 The political economy of power generation in Zimbabwe since 1960 Soderholm, P. Natural Resources Forum, 1999, 23, (4). 335-346. This artic...

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18 00/01167 The political economy of power generation in Zimbabwe since 1960 Soderholm, P. Natural Resources Forum, 1999, 23, (4). 335-346. This article presents a historical analysis of the power generation choices in Zimbabwe since independence in 1980; their causes and consequences. In the early 1980s. the electricity supply choices of the country were dictated by a policy of self-sufficiency, and least-cost supply options (e.g. imports and hydropower) were rejected at a not negligible economic cost. At the end of the 1980s. a new political environment and pressures from the World Bank prompted substantial changes towards least-cost alternatives. In the early 1990s security of supply motives still played an important role and financial constraints were severe. At present, however, there is little evidence that imported power is still as cheap a source of electricity as it was about 15 years ago. This situation together with the ongoing trend towards higher discount rates imply that thermal power, in particular coal fired power, will dominate future electricity supply investments in Zimbabwe. Price sensitivity of residentlal energy consumption 00/01166 in Norway Nesbakken, R. Energy Economics, 1999, 21, (6) 493-515. The results of a model, which focus on the relationship between the choice of heating equipment and the residential energy consumption, are tested for stability in this paper. The results for the income and energy price variables are of special interest. Applying the model on micro data for each of the years 1993-1995 tests stability in the time dimension. The parameter estimates are stable within a 95% confidence interval. However, the estimated impact of the energy price variable on energy consumption was considerably weaker in 1994 than in 1993 and 199.5. The results for two different income groups in the pooled data set are also subject to stability testing. The energy price sensitivity in residential energy consumption is found to be higher for high-income households than for low-income households. Revealing the cost-efficiency trends of the design 00101169 concepts of energy-intensive systems El-Sayed, Y. M. Energy Convers. & Manage., 1999,40, (15-16) 1599-1615. Design models for the components of an energy system concept are used to extract the information system relevant to the prediction of the cost and performance of the system. The information is directed towards seeking an optimal design point for the system and then redirected towards predicting its performance at off-design points. The design model of a heat exchanger is used as an example for information extraction. Few gas turbine power systems are considered for optimal design. The part-load operation of the optimized simple combined cycle is then computed. The methodology in more detail is referred to elsewhere. Using final energies to plan a sustainable future for 00/01170 Mexico Manzini, F. and Martinez, M. Energy, 1999, 24, (11). 945-958. Three long-term Mexican energy scenarios are presented which have implications for future energy and climate change policy. Twenty-one final energies were analysed to show their environmental impact due to end-use consumption and electricity generation. The scenarios are contrasted with scenarios developed by other authors. Welding research heats up 00/01171 Levy, D. EPRI. 1999, 24, (1). 23-29. As power plants age, welds are the most common locations for failures in pipes and pressure vessels. Advanced welding technologies can protect against component failures and extend the life of ageing power plants for decades, saving utilities billions of dollars in repairs and revenues. World energy prospects to 2020 OOlO1172 Birol, F. and Argiri, M. Energy, 1999, 24, (ll), 905-918. This paper provides an overview of the IEA’s 1998 edition of the World Energy Outlook. It discusses the likely developments in global energy demand for the period to the year 2020. Special attention is paid to the power generation sector. Prospects for electricity generation are discussed in detail for ten world regions, followed by a description of the model that was used to produce these projections. Finally, the paper discusses the main uncertainties surrounding the projections presented in the paper.

Energy conversion and recycling

18 ENERGY CONVERSION AND RECYCLING 00/01173 Gasification combined-cycle power generation apparatus Oyake, Y. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 1130,109 [99 30,109], (Cl. FOlK231 lo), 2 Feb 1999, Appl. 971186,130, I1 Jul 1997, 4 pp. (ln Japanese) The title gasification combined-cycle power generation apparatus contains an NHa refining equipment installed between a process wastewater deaerator and an incinerator. NH3 is selectively separated from an offgas generated from the process wastewater deaerator. The offgas is passed into a water washing tower in which NH3 is selectively dissolved, and the resulting NHa-containing water is concentrated by passing it through a refining tower. Offgas from the water washing tower is supplied to the incinerator and high-concentration NH3 from the refining tower is utilized in industry. 00/01174 Return-flow convection type cooler for crude gas Adachi, T. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 11 22,905 [99 22,905] (Cl. F22Bli 18), 26 Jan 1999, Appl. 971178,446, 3 Jul 1997, 7 pp. (In Japanese) A novel cooler is described for crude gas generated by the gasification of fuels, such as coal, in integrated coal gasification combined-cycle power generation. Gasification heat is recovered by contacting the gas with a vaporizer and an economizer. These processes are done using two divided sections of water-cooling walls; one upward-flowing for upwardly directing the crude gas in contact with the vaporizer and another downward-flowing for downwardly directing the gas in contact with the economizer. 00/01175 Spent mixed oxide fuel rejuvenation in fusion breeders Sahin. S. et a/. Fusion Eqinc~erirlg d; Design, 1999. 47. ( I ), 9-23. A fusion breeder is presented for the rejuvenation of spent nuclear fuel. A (D, T) fusion reactor acts as an external high energetic (14.1 MeV) neutron source. The fissile fuel zone, containing ten rows in radial direction, covers the cylindrical fusion plasma chamber. The first three fuel rod rows contain Canadian deuterium uranium (CANDU) reactor spent nuclear fuel which was used down to a total enrichment grade of 0.418%. The following seven fuel rod rows contain light water reactor (LWR) spent nuclear fuel, which was used down to a total enrichment grade of 2.17%. This allows a certain degree of fission power flattening. Fissile zone is cooled with pressurized helium gas with volume ration of V,,,,,,,,, /Vrucl = 2 in the fissile zone. Spent fuel rejuvenation occurs through the neutron capture reaction in “au. The new fissile material increases the nuclear quality of the spent fuel which can be described as the cumulative fissile fuel enrichment (CFFE) grade of the nuclear fuel which is the sum of the isotopic ratios of all fissile material (ZZS” + zzup, + ‘“‘Pu) in the mixed oxide (MOX) fuel. Under a first-wall fusion neutron current load of IO’” (I4.1-MeV n/cm’ s). corresponding to 2.25 MW/m* and by a plant factor of lOO%, the CANDU spent fuel can achieve an enrichment degree of 1% after -7 months. suitable for reutilization in a CANDU reactor. LWR spent fuel requires > I5 months to reach an enrichment grade -3.5%, suitable for reutilization in a LWR. A longer rejuvenation period (up to 48 months) increases the fissile fuel enrichment levels of the spent fuel reactor to much higher degrees (> 3% for CANDU spent fuel and over 5%’ for LWR spent fuel), opening possibilities an increased burn-up in critical reactors and a re-utilization in multiple cycles. Waste petroleum oils. Processing and legal and 00101176 analytical problems Wasiak, W. et al. Chent. Inz. Ekol., 1998, 5, (5-h), 507-517. (In Polish) The developments in the areas of transportation, machines and other technology devices have led to increasing amounts of oil lubricants being withdrawn from exploitation due to the loss of desired properties, Exploited oil can be utilized in three main ways: it can be used directly as fuel, reprocessed in order to produce light heating oils or subjected to rerefinement (regeneration) in order to restore their original properties. However, reprocessing of exploited oils involves production of much waste, of which, only part can be used directly while utilization of others is very expensive. One of the solid products of reprocessing of waste petroleum oils is coal deposit formed as a result of thermal treatment of oils. It is a highenergy fuel which can be burnt in furnaces either alone or in a mixture with coal, brown coal or coke. To characterize the coal deposit. it was analysed for the presence of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen. sulfur and heavy metals (cadmium and lead). A methodology of determination of water in pure oil is also proposed.

Fuel and Energy Abstracts

March 2000

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