01751 Coal liquefaction

01751 Coal liquefaction

02 Liquidfuels(derivedliquidfuels) 00/01741 Use of infrared spectroscopy to produce highlubricity, high stability, Fischer-Tropsch diesel fuels and b...

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02 Liquidfuels(derivedliquidfuels) 00/01741

Use of infrared spectroscopy to produce highlubricity, high stability, Fischer-Tropsch diesel fuels and blend stocks

Conk, B. R. U.S. US 5.X95.506(Cl.585-734;CIOLl/O8),20Apr 1999,Appl 45.578. 20 Mar 1998. 10. The method presented has been designed with the intention of controlling a process for producing a distillate fuel heavier than gasoline. Included in the process are several different fractions, streams, including alcohols, olefins and acids. infrared radiation is used to irradiate at least one of the streams, allowing the detection of the concentrations of one or some of the oiefins, alcohols and acids.

comparison with previous samples. All samples had been treated with concentrated Hz-SO4 and P:Os in order to remove aromatic compounds. The treated samples showed slight increases in the flash points. sulfuric content and b.p. ranges and reductions in the dielectric constant. real aromatic content and density. Samples. before and after treatment. were used as diluents with extractants DEHPAiTOPO for uranium recovery from pure and Syrian commercial phosphoric acids. In the case of treated samples, an increase in the distribution ratio, Kd was observed (about 41 “I) during the extraction process.

00101747 Wyoming fossil fuels for the 21st century

Economics, business, marketing, policy 00101742 Economic plant producing transportation fuels and feed for carbon products from coal Simpson, T. B. Pwpr. S~wp. - Am. Clam. Sot.. Div. Fuel Cl~enr., 1999, 44, (1). 96-100. Discussed in this article is the economic feasibility of coal liquefaction for the production of transportation fuels and pitch for carbon product formation.

Management back round corporate governance and industrial restructuring: the 3apanese upstream petroleum industry

00101743

Pollio, G. and Uchida, K. Orerg.~ Pnlic:~,. 1999. 27. (14). 813-832. Japanese upstream companies have consistently under-performed private independents. A recent audit by the Ministry of International Trade and industry (MITI) underlines the magnitude of financial losses and the necessity for sectoral restructuring. MITI’s proposals involve refocusing rather than redefining upstream policy, including recognition that the more successful local production companies should reduce official intervention in favour of greater control. Some commentators claim the proposed reforms do not go far enough. The ultimate success of MITT’s initiatives, it is claimed, depends upon changes in prevailing corporate governance arrangements and the progressive replacement of existing senior managers with those having superior professional or technical qualification. Japanese authorities have not directly mandated these changes. On the other hand, MiTl’s proposals do imply a redistribution of corporate oversight in favour of greater market control, a major step in the direction of increased operational and financial efficiency.

Modeling OPEC behavlour: theories of risk aversion for oil producer decisions

Lyman, R. M. and De Bruin, R. H. Pwpr. Swrp. .4/u. Chr. Sm., Di13. hrcl Ckn., 1999. 44, ( I ). 61-65. During 1998 Wyoming’s petroleum industry produced I.2 trillion cubic feet of natural gas and 63.2 million barrels of oil. Over the last IO years Wyoming’s proved reserves of natural gas have risen from 10.3 to 13.6 trillion cubic feet despite the production of IO.1 trillion cubic feet over the same period. By 2005. it has been projected that the production of natural gas, including coal-bed methane, will reach 1.4 trillion cubic feet. In addition, the production of natural gas liquids is predicted tn reach 40 million barrels and that of crude oil will be approximately 42 million barrels in 2005. The Wyoming cnal industry produced over 300 million short tons of coal in 1998, and production is projected to reach 365 million short tons per year by 2005. Today, 97% of Wyoming coal is utilized in coal-fired power plants in 29 states, Canada, and Spain. More opportunities will be provided for coal-derived liquid fuels (LFC) and solid fuels from coal (SFC) processes when the future constraints on Wyoming coals, such as environmental-political policy changes and transportation availability are introduced.

Derived liquid fuels

00101748 Application of nonionic emulsified collector to coal slurry floatation Zhao, M. and Duan, X. T~~i,rrrc/rrLigohg Dtr.wc~ Xwhoo. 1999, 30. ( I), I9 2 I. (in Chinese) The paper investigates a new slime’s floating emulsified collector. From the results it is evident that the emulsified collector has some valuable properties, which not only reduces the dosage nf flotation agent required, but also improves the process of the slime’s floating.

00/01744

Reynolds, D. B. Orrr~cr Poliq. 1999, 27. (15). 901-912. Theories of OPEC such as price leadership, cartel, or game theoretic models suggest an incentive for OPEC members to expand their production capacity well above current levels in order to maximize revenues. Yet individual OPEC members consistently explore for and develop oil fields at a level well below their potential. The cause of low oil exploration and development efforts among OPEC members and even some non- OPEC members may have to do with risk aversion. This paper describes an alternative theory for OPEC behaviour based on risk aversion using a two piece non-Neumann-Morgenstern utility function similar to Fishburn and Kochenberger (1979. Deckiorr S~~icvce 10. 503-518). and Friedman and Savage ( 1948, Jorr~hol of Pnlirid Ecorwn!, 56). The model shows the possibility of low oil production behaviour.

Non-isothermal thermogravlmetry and decomposition kinetics of two Jordanian oil shales under different processing conditions

00101749 Blended compression-ignition fuel containing light synthetic crude and blending stock Suppes, G. J. PCT Int. Appl. WO 99 21,943 (Cl. CIOLl/l8), 6 May 1999, US Appl. 85,937, 19 May 1998. 35. A composition of matter that is useful as a compression-ignition fuel is discussed. The fuel consists of from ~30 to ~95% of a light synthetic crude or syncrude, preferably from Fischer-Tropsch synthesis or related processes, and from ~5 to ~70% of a blending stock that improves one or more desirable fuel property(s) including to pour temperature, viscosity and emissions generated during combustion in a diesel engine. it is preferable that the average molecular weight of the blend stock is less than that of the light syncrude. Preferred blending stocks include oxygenates and hydrocarbons, such as alcohols and ethers, having average molecular weights ~160. Optionally the fuel may contain pour point depressants, cetane improvers and carbon-containing compounds that react with water.

00/01745

Jaber, J. 0. and Probert, S. D. Fur/ Proc. T~vhwl.. 2000, 63, (I). 57-70. Two oil shale samples from two different deposits in Jordan have been nonisothermally pyrolysed using a thermogravimetric analyser (TGA). The controlling parameters studied were the final pyrolysis temperature (up to 900°C) and the influence of the heating rate (from 20 to 50 K min-‘) as well as type of purge gas (Nz or CO*) employed on the process of thermal degradation of the shale sample. The integral method was used in the analysis of TGA data in order to determine the pyrolysis kinetics. The main region of the sample’s weight loss, arising from the conversion of organic matter to oil and gas, occurred within the temperature range 200-600°C. The magnitude of the total weight loss was dependent on the final temperature and to a lesser extent, on the heating rate employed. The rates of decomposition of the Ellujjum and Suitani oil shales changed significantly at a critical temperature of approximately 305 It 15°C.

The characterization and effects of Syrian kerosine on uranium extraction from Syrian commercial phosphoric acid

00101746

Harfoush. A. .So/r~cfr~Errr. Res. Dcr., Jpn.. 1999. 6, 12-23. A study, which focuses on a selection of Syrian kerosene samples, collected from fuel stations in Damascus and the international Damascus airport had their physical and chemical properties analysed. It was discovered that these samples were different from kerosene generally used internationally for liquid-liquid extraction processes. Other Syrian kerosene samples were prepared under controlled b.p. ranges, showed different behaviours in

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Fuel and Energy Abstracts

July

2000

00/01750

Coal binder produced by liquefaction of biomass

White, D. H. PCT Int. Appl. WO 99 29,812 (Cl. CiOL5/00), 17 Jun 1999, US Appl. 985,399, 5 Dee 1997. 53. A coal agglomerate is produced by the combination of coal fines with a biobinder base. The coal binder is obtained from a biomass material. which is shredded and processed by direct liquefaction in a liquefaction reactor in the absence of oxygen at typical temperatures -230-370” and typical pressures 200-3000 psi. The liquefied hio-binder base is mixed with fast pyrolysis tars or petroleum asphalt in the mixer. if desired, in order to modify its characteristics to meet specific needs of particular applications, and the resulting mixture is sprayed on coal fines preheated to more than 120” and allowed to react at -150-205”. The coal fines may be mixed with combustible extenders and fillers, reinforcing fibres and cross-linking agents in the reactor/mixer prior to combination with the bio-binder base to provide additional specific properties to the mixture the resulting mixed mass is then pelletized by the application of pressure in a conventional coal pelletizer.

00101751 Coal liquefaction Hayashi, H. Jpn. Kokai Tnkkyo Koho JP II 140,457 [99 140.457) (Cl. CIOGl/OO), 25 May 1999. Appl. 97/312.335. 13 Nov 1997. 6. (In Japanese) Swelling (in alkalies) and explosive crushing can perform The liquefaction of coal. it has been shown that this technique is especially effective for brown coal.