02436 Alternative energy sources from plants of Western Ghats (Tamil Nadu, India)

02436 Alternative energy sources from plants of Western Ghats (Tamil Nadu, India)

07 Alternative energy sources (others, including development, economics) 03102430 The benefits of induced flow solar powered water pumps Short, 7. ...

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07 Alternative energy sources (others, including development,

economics)

03102430 The benefits of induced flow solar powered water pumps

Short, 7. D. and Burton, J. D. S&r, Ene,g~,. 2003. 74, (1). 77 X4. This paper presents the case for using a novel type of solar water pump-the ‘induced flow’ pump. This type of pump is shown to he particularly appropriate for use with small, stand-alone units of up to 500 Wp, an area in which traditional solar powered water pumps do not excel. The pump is demonstrated to have performance characteristics combining those of centrifugal and reciprocating pumps over the full range of head and solar irradiance. Consequently the ‘induced flow‘ water lifter offers considerable advantages over traditional, site-specific pumps and promises a significant advance in solar powered water pumping.

purifier, hydrocompresaor lor the supply 01 potable wale]- and a winch for small vessels. An analysis is also made of the results which were obtained with Ic$pect to the quality of the service supplied, the perccntagc of wind penetration iti the system, fuel saving\ and the decrease of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. A comparison of these results has also heen made with the corresponding estimated figures for the performance of the system when originally designed. The conclusion iz, drawn that, from a technical point of view, the system that has been developed supplies all the service needs of the community on a regular basis with an acceptable level in the quality of the ener&y and a substantial improvement in the quality of the environment. This is a contributing factor to providing a satisfactory level in the quality of life for the inhabitants of the community.

03/02431 The PHILOSOL project: a strategic market development of the solar thermal sector in Southern Europe

03/02435 Techno-economic analysis of autonomous PVwind hybrid energy systems using different sizing methods

Karagiorgas, M. et al. Energ C’onlger.~ionand Mana~en~ent, 2003, 44. (11). 1885.-1901. Given the rapid development of the European ST market and the tremendous potential of the local markets due to favorable climatic conditions, the local Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) of the EU face the opportunity to enter this rapidly growing market with reliable technologies and know-how. In order to assist them, the PHILOSOL project aimed at stimulating awareness of the local authorities, promoting the use of ST technology and involving the local market actors in business partenariat meetings. The experiences of the more ST technology mature countries show that more than a product and a subsidy programme are needed. Amongst others, the motivation of the population by information and image campaigns can assist solar energy in becoming an intrinsic part of household technology.

Celik, A. N. Encr$~. Corr~~c~rsio!~ tr/ltl Il~lr~qr:m~cnr. 2003, 44, (I 2). 195 I 1968. The sizing and tcchno-economic optimization of an autonomous PVwind hybrid energy system with hattcry storage is addressed in this article. A novel sizing method is introduced. It is a developed version of similar earlier sizing methods, taking into account a further design parameter. The techno-economic optimization of autonomous energy systems should include the following design parameters at the same time: the level of autonomy, i.e. the fraction of time for which the specified load can he met, and the cost of the system. Without one of these, the techno-economic optimization would he incomplete. New concepts, which combine the system autonomy and cost, are also introduced to be used in the techno-economic optimization process. The sizing of a PV-wind hybrid system on a yearly hai;i< requires H detailed analysis of the solar radiation and wind speed on a monthly basis. It is common to size such renewable systems for the worst month. It is. however, shown that the worst month scenarios lead to too costly and, therefore, non-optimal a system in terms of techno-economics. It is, therefore, suggested that alternative solutions be sought, rather than using the worst month scenario. An alternative method is applied in the present article. It suggests a third energy source (auxiliary source) be incorporated into the system instead of increasing the hardware sizes excessively for the worst month. It is shown that this leads to technoeconomically more optimum system?.

03/02432 Thermal reliability test of some fatty acids as PCMs used for solar thermal latent heat storage applications Sari, A. Energy Conversion and Management, 2003,44, (14). 2217-2287. The purpose of this study is to determine the thermal reliability of stearic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid and lauric acid as latent heat energy storage materials with respect to various numbers of thermal cycles. The fatty acids, as phase change materials (PCMs), of industrial grade (purity between 90% and 97Q)D were subjected to accelerated thermal cycle tests. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis technique was applied to the PCMs after 0, 120, 560, 850 and 1200 melt/freeze cycles in order to measure the melting temperatures and the latent heats of fusion of the PCMs. The DSC results indicated that the change in melting temperature for the PCMs was in the range of 0.07--7,87”C, and the change in latent heat of fusion was -1.0% to -27.7%, except for stearic acid between 560 and 1200 melt/freeze cycles. However, the decrease in the latent heats of fusion for all the PCMs was not regular with increasing thermal cycles. The experimental results also show that the investigated fatty acids as latent heat energy storage materials have a good thermal reliability in view of the latent heat of fusion and melting temperature with respect to thermal cycling for thermal energy storage applications in the long term.

Wind energy 03102433 Boron pollution due to geothermal wastewater discharge into the Biiyiik Menderes river, Turkey Demirel, Z. and Yildirim, N. International Journal of Environment

and

18, (6), 602-608. Kizildere, which is the only commercial geothermal power plant in Turkey and located in Biiyiik Menderes Graben in south-west Turkey, discharges annually 6 million tonnes of wastewater into the Biiyiik Menderes river, creating environmental pollution. Currently, the wastewater, which includes up to 24 mgll boron. is discharged into the river at a rate of 750-1500 tonnes per hour. The temperature of the wastewater is approximately 140” C. The water quality of Biiyiik Menderes river is very important for the environment and aquatic life. Reinjection seems to be the only possible solution to this environmental problem. Pollution,

2002,

03/02434 Operating results of a wind-diesel s stem which supplies the full energy needs of an Isolated vi 1lage community in the Canary Islands Carta, J. A. er al. Solar Energ.v, 2003, 74, (l), 53-63. Following is a discussion of the operational strategies of a wind-diesel system which has been installed in an isolated fishing village community on the island of Fuerteventura in the Canarian Archipelago. The project was implemented with the aim of meeting the complete energy requirements of the community: street lighting and domestic consumption, desalination plant, freezer plant, sewage water

394

Fuel and Energy Abstracts

November 2003

Others, including development, economics 03102436 Alternative energy sources from plants of Western Ghats (Tamll Nadu, India1 Augustus, G. D. P. S. ef (11.Biomass nni Rioenergy, 2003, 24. (6), 437444. Twenty-two taxa of Western Ghats plants were screened as potential alternative crops for renewable energy, oil, hydrocarbon and phytochemicals. The highest hydrocarbon yields were observed in Carissa c~urondar (I .7%). and Jotrophu go.ss~~pl?ifi,liu(1.7%). The highest polyphenol fraction was observed in Dodonaea viscose (17.1%), Corissrr caronda.r (7.1%). Swirtenia mahagoni (6.6%), and Jatropho glandul~fero (6.2%). The highest oil content was observed in Aganosma c,ymosa (10.3%). Caris.u/ urrundas (5.8%). and Argemone mexicana (5.0%). S~uic~teniamahagoni yielded the highest protein content with 8.1%. The gross heat value of 4175.0 cal/g(17.5 MJikg) for L,ochnera rosea (pink flowered var.), and 4 112.0 Cal/g for Dalbergia sissoo were the highest among the species analysed. NMR spectra of the hydrocarbon fractions of Alstonio .wholari.s, Corissu corandas, Ichnactrrppu.sjrutescms, Plumeriir ruhrrr. Thewlicr twriifblia (white flowered var.), VaIluris .solanacecr, Lorhnrru roses (pink flowered var.). Euphorbia hirta. E. splendens, Artocarptrs integrifbiia and Ficus religiosa revealed the presence of cispolyisoprene (natural rubber), whereas Argemone mexicanu showed the presence of trdns-polyisoprene (gutta). Several new crop species were identified with potentially useful compounds. The potential exists for growing these alternate crops in areas of underutilized lands, subsequently stimulating industrial and economic growth.

03102437 Arab power utilities: development

strategies for sustainable

Sadeqi, M. The Jownul qf Energ~~ and Development, 2002. 27, (I), I l7m 134. The three main resources of the Arab region are human capital, agriculture, and vast hydrocarbon (primarily oil and natural gas) reserves. The distribution of these resources, however, is very uneven among the Arab countries and this results in their varied approaches to development. The role and importance of energy, either as an imported commodity or an exported resource, are particularly critical determinants of the overriding objectives of economic and human develop-