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00210 Coal liquefaction
02 95100203
Refining and petrochrmlcaia: Tha new deal Belor eot, C. et al., Revue de I’Encrgie, Sep. 1994, (461), 429-442. (In Frenca ) To enter the cominn turn of the centurv with a free mind. the refininn and petrochemicals indistries have to st& now, drawing the lessons
95lQO2Q6
Liquid fuels (derived liquid fuels)
95100213
Dagradatlon and Isomsrlxstlon of lso rafflns whlls In contact wlth sulfuric scld In slkylatlon unlta: CRomlstry and rasctlon klnstlca Am Ende,D. J. and Albright, L. F. Ind Eng. Chem. Res., Apr. 1994,33, (4). 840-848. When isoparaffms such as those produced durin the alkylation of isobutane with C,-C. olefms are contacted with H,C 8 ., both isomerizatin and degradation-reactions occur. The degradatioh p&ducts consists of mainly C&s iaoparaffins and acid-soluble oils. Experimental runs were made with the following hydrocarbons: 2,2,4_tnmethylpentane, 2,3dimethylpentane, two commercial alkylates, and mixtures of-lsobutane and alkylates. Both alkylate quality and quantity decreased significantly due primarily to the & adation reactions of both commercial alkylates and trimethylpentanes. i% rrelations were developed to predict the levels of lates by acids of different composition. Methods to degradation of minimize undesrre all? reactions in commercial alkylation units are proposed. 95199214 A dynamic model of the hydrodynamic8 of a ilquld tiuidlrsd bsd Asif, M. et al,, Ind Eng. Chem. Res., Sep. 1994, 33, (9), 2151-2156. The efficient design, operation, and scale up of novel fluidized bed bioreactors for direct coal liquefaction require detailed knowledge of reactor axial pressure drou. disnemion of the solid and liauid chases. and the particle size distributfon ai a function of axial position. In this’paper, a fully predictive mathematical description of the hydrodynamics of a liquid fluidized bed, containing no adjustable parameters IS develo d. This model is compared with experimetnal data obtained from a liqur-8”fluid&d bed containing finely divided coal particles.
Queensland Goverument Mining J., Oct. 1994, 95, 6-7.
Two highly-prospective areas of Queensland which warranted further exploration lay in the Adavale and Georgian Basins, Director of the Ener y Division of the Department of Minerals and Energy, Paul Balfe, told tBe PESA Conference.
Derived
Liquid Fuels
95/002tJ7 Achievements and oroaoacta for aynthatlc fuels . from coal Kusnetsov, B. N. Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow), 1994, (3), 33-42. (In Russian) A review of fuel production by coal gasification and liquefaction. Analysis of Wlisonvllla low-rank coal llquafactlon 95/00200 data Munkvold, G. er al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994, 39, (l), 92-97. The use of both dispersed and sup rted catalysts for the liquefaction of low-rank coals in the Wilsonville, Ippbarna? facility was statistically evaluated. This analysis was undertaken to identify the most important o erating variables and their effects upon coal conversion and product distrrXutions. 95lOQ2QQ Blotreatment of coals and coal-related compound8 by hydrogen-utliiring mlcroorganlama Murty, M. V. et al., J. Chem. Technol. BiotechnoJ., 1994, 60, (4), X59-367.
Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and Acidianus brierleyi were used to study hydrogenation of coal, pretreated coal, asphaltenes, and model compounds (di-Ph methane and fumarate) under anaerobic conditions. The study involved: determination of net H uptake, identification of the biohydrogenated product of fumarate, and testing the influence of H uptakebiohydrogenation of coal in terms of direct liquefaction yield. 95lCIO210
Coal liquefaction Dadyburjor, D. B. and Zondlo, J. W.
Elsevier, Amsterabn, The Nether-
lands, 1994, 100 pp.
95/00211 Coal liquefaction method Yamaguchi, H. et al., (Assigned to) Nippon Kokan KK, JAP. Pat. JP.O6,158,057, Jun. 1994. 95lOO212 Comparison of the parformanca of ZSM-5, bata reolite, Y, USY, and their compoaltaa In tha catalytic cracking of n-octane. 2.2.4.trlmethvloantana. and l-octane Smirniotis, P: G. and Ruckenstein, E.’ Znd. Eng. Chem. Res., Apr. 1994, 33. ~~.(4). \ 800-813. Discusses how the cracking of n-octane, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, and loctene was examined over ZSM-5, beta zeolite, Y, USY, and the composites of any of the two former zeolites as additives to the latter two traditional cracking zeolites. The behaviours of these catalysts under the above conditions are very different from those already studied in the literature, which have been at low conversion and lower tern erature. While for .R er and for aromatthe latter conditions the selectivities for olefins were hrg its lower over ZSM-5 than over Y faujasite, in the present conditions the above trends are inverted. I.
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~~~
B5100215 Ecologlcaliy clean productlon of alcohol-watarcoal auapanalona board on brown coals of the Ksnak-Achlnak basin Golovin, G. S. et al., Khim. Tverd Topl. (Moscow), 1994, (3), 3-9. (In Russian) Describes the preparation of aqueous alcohol coal suspensions and alcohols for such suspensions. These aqueous alcohol suspensions are superior as fuels to aqueous coal suspension. 95/05216 Effact of catalyst pore ?? tructura on affactlvr dlffuaivlty Rhee, Y. W. and Guin, J. A. Korean J. Chem. Eng., 1994, 11, (l), 14-24. The paper discusses the effective diffusivity of the catalyst which was experimentally measured in both octane-decane and olystyrene-chloroform systems for comparison with effects identified in i e coal liquefaction model work. The diffusivity data were in good agreement with the theoretical solution and their reproducibility was satisfactory. In both ex rimental systems, the effective drffusivity was strongly dependent upon F e ratio of diffusing species to catalyst pore size. 95/00217 Effect8 of modlflad poly(vlnyl alcohol)8 as a dlaparaant for coal-water slurry Yamauchi, J. et al., Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 1994, (7), 674-678. (In Japanese) Discusses the ability of ionically modified poly(viny1 alcohol) with a dodecylthio end group as a dispersant for coal-water slurry. 95/002 10 Tha affacts of solvent quality on the llqudactlon of two dlffrrent types of coal Lee, B. H. et af., Fuel, Nov. 1994, 73, (ll), 1751-1756. Thermal and catalytic liquefaction runs were performed at 400 and 430°C for 30 min in hydrogen with different hvdroaromatic:aromatic, hvdroaromatic:naphthenic or >a hthenic:aromatic solvent blend ratios for-Australian bituminous and In$onesian subbituminous coals. The results indicate that the subbituminous coal needs more efficient external hydrogen transfer to maintain high conversion than does the bituminous coal, implying that both hydrogen transfer from donor solvent and catalytic transfer from molecular hydrogen are important in improving subbituminous coal liquefaction yields. 95100219
Effects of vapor-llquld aqullibria on coke dapoaition In trlckla-bad reactors during heavy oil procaaalng. 1. Exparlmantai results De Jong, K. P. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Apr. 1994, 33, (4), 821-824. The deposition of coke onto catalysts durin the conversion of heavy vacuum gas oil has been investigated in a trick&e-bed reactor at elevated temperature (ca. 45O’C) and moderate hydrogen pressures (30 bar). It is argued that coke is formed via two parallel routes, viz (i) thermal condensation reactions of aromatic moieties and (ii) catalytic dehydrogenation reactions. The amount of coke deposited onto the catalyst shows a distinct maximum as a function of both temperature and hydrogen/oil ratio. These maxima are induced by the vapour-liquid equilibria in the reactor. A qualitative descri tion involving the concentration of heavy coke precursors present in the 01.P phase is given.
Furl and Energy Abstracts January 1995
13
Refining and petrochrmlcaia: Tha new deal Belor eot, C. et al., Revue de I’Encrgie, Sep. 1994, (461), 429-442. (In Frenca ) To enter the cominn turn of the centurv with a free mind. the refininn and petrochemicals indistries have to st& now, drawing the lessons
95lQO2Q6
Liquid fuels (derived liquid fuels)
95100213
Dagradatlon and Isomsrlxstlon of lso rafflns whlls In contact wlth sulfuric scld In slkylatlon unlta: CRomlstry and rasctlon klnstlca Am Ende,D. J. and Albright, L. F. Ind Eng. Chem. Res., Apr. 1994,33, (4). 840-848. When isoparaffms such as those produced durin the alkylation of isobutane with C,-C. olefms are contacted with H,C 8 ., both isomerizatin and degradation-reactions occur. The degradatioh p&ducts consists of mainly C&s iaoparaffins and acid-soluble oils. Experimental runs were made with the following hydrocarbons: 2,2,4_tnmethylpentane, 2,3dimethylpentane, two commercial alkylates, and mixtures of-lsobutane and alkylates. Both alkylate quality and quantity decreased significantly due primarily to the & adation reactions of both commercial alkylates and trimethylpentanes. i% rrelations were developed to predict the levels of lates by acids of different composition. Methods to degradation of minimize undesrre all? reactions in commercial alkylation units are proposed. 95199214 A dynamic model of the hydrodynamic8 of a ilquld tiuidlrsd bsd Asif, M. et al,, Ind Eng. Chem. Res., Sep. 1994, 33, (9), 2151-2156. The efficient design, operation, and scale up of novel fluidized bed bioreactors for direct coal liquefaction require detailed knowledge of reactor axial pressure drou. disnemion of the solid and liauid chases. and the particle size distributfon ai a function of axial position. In this’paper, a fully predictive mathematical description of the hydrodynamics of a liquid fluidized bed, containing no adjustable parameters IS develo d. This model is compared with experimetnal data obtained from a liqur-8”fluid&d bed containing finely divided coal particles.
Queensland Goverument Mining J., Oct. 1994, 95, 6-7.
Two highly-prospective areas of Queensland which warranted further exploration lay in the Adavale and Georgian Basins, Director of the Ener y Division of the Department of Minerals and Energy, Paul Balfe, told tBe PESA Conference.
Derived
Liquid Fuels
95/002tJ7 Achievements and oroaoacta for aynthatlc fuels . from coal Kusnetsov, B. N. Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow), 1994, (3), 33-42. (In Russian) A review of fuel production by coal gasification and liquefaction. Analysis of Wlisonvllla low-rank coal llquafactlon 95/00200 data Munkvold, G. er al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994, 39, (l), 92-97. The use of both dispersed and sup rted catalysts for the liquefaction of low-rank coals in the Wilsonville, Ippbarna? facility was statistically evaluated. This analysis was undertaken to identify the most important o erating variables and their effects upon coal conversion and product distrrXutions. 95lOQ2QQ Blotreatment of coals and coal-related compound8 by hydrogen-utliiring mlcroorganlama Murty, M. V. et al., J. Chem. Technol. BiotechnoJ., 1994, 60, (4), X59-367.
Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and Acidianus brierleyi were used to study hydrogenation of coal, pretreated coal, asphaltenes, and model compounds (di-Ph methane and fumarate) under anaerobic conditions. The study involved: determination of net H uptake, identification of the biohydrogenated product of fumarate, and testing the influence of H uptakebiohydrogenation of coal in terms of direct liquefaction yield. 95lCIO210
Coal liquefaction Dadyburjor, D. B. and Zondlo, J. W.
Elsevier, Amsterabn, The Nether-
lands, 1994, 100 pp.
95/00211 Coal liquefaction method Yamaguchi, H. et al., (Assigned to) Nippon Kokan KK, JAP. Pat. JP.O6,158,057, Jun. 1994. 95lOO212 Comparison of the parformanca of ZSM-5, bata reolite, Y, USY, and their compoaltaa In tha catalytic cracking of n-octane. 2.2.4.trlmethvloantana. and l-octane Smirniotis, P: G. and Ruckenstein, E.’ Znd. Eng. Chem. Res., Apr. 1994, 33. ~~.(4). \ 800-813. Discusses how the cracking of n-octane, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, and loctene was examined over ZSM-5, beta zeolite, Y, USY, and the composites of any of the two former zeolites as additives to the latter two traditional cracking zeolites. The behaviours of these catalysts under the above conditions are very different from those already studied in the literature, which have been at low conversion and lower tern erature. While for .R er and for aromatthe latter conditions the selectivities for olefins were hrg its lower over ZSM-5 than over Y faujasite, in the present conditions the above trends are inverted. I.
~~~
~~~
B5100215 Ecologlcaliy clean productlon of alcohol-watarcoal auapanalona board on brown coals of the Ksnak-Achlnak basin Golovin, G. S. et al., Khim. Tverd Topl. (Moscow), 1994, (3), 3-9. (In Russian) Describes the preparation of aqueous alcohol coal suspensions and alcohols for such suspensions. These aqueous alcohol suspensions are superior as fuels to aqueous coal suspension. 95/05216 Effact of catalyst pore ?? tructura on affactlvr dlffuaivlty Rhee, Y. W. and Guin, J. A. Korean J. Chem. Eng., 1994, 11, (l), 14-24. The paper discusses the effective diffusivity of the catalyst which was experimentally measured in both octane-decane and olystyrene-chloroform systems for comparison with effects identified in i e coal liquefaction model work. The diffusivity data were in good agreement with the theoretical solution and their reproducibility was satisfactory. In both ex rimental systems, the effective drffusivity was strongly dependent upon F e ratio of diffusing species to catalyst pore size. 95/00217 Effect8 of modlflad poly(vlnyl alcohol)8 as a dlaparaant for coal-water slurry Yamauchi, J. et al., Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 1994, (7), 674-678. (In Japanese) Discusses the ability of ionically modified poly(viny1 alcohol) with a dodecylthio end group as a dispersant for coal-water slurry. 95/002 10 Tha affacts of solvent quality on the llqudactlon of two dlffrrent types of coal Lee, B. H. et af., Fuel, Nov. 1994, 73, (ll), 1751-1756. Thermal and catalytic liquefaction runs were performed at 400 and 430°C for 30 min in hydrogen with different hvdroaromatic:aromatic, hvdroaromatic:naphthenic or >a hthenic:aromatic solvent blend ratios for-Australian bituminous and In$onesian subbituminous coals. The results indicate that the subbituminous coal needs more efficient external hydrogen transfer to maintain high conversion than does the bituminous coal, implying that both hydrogen transfer from donor solvent and catalytic transfer from molecular hydrogen are important in improving subbituminous coal liquefaction yields. 95100219
Effects of vapor-llquld aqullibria on coke dapoaition In trlckla-bad reactors during heavy oil procaaalng. 1. Exparlmantai results De Jong, K. P. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Apr. 1994, 33, (4), 821-824. The deposition of coke onto catalysts durin the conversion of heavy vacuum gas oil has been investigated in a trick&e-bed reactor at elevated temperature (ca. 45O’C) and moderate hydrogen pressures (30 bar). It is argued that coke is formed via two parallel routes, viz (i) thermal condensation reactions of aromatic moieties and (ii) catalytic dehydrogenation reactions. The amount of coke deposited onto the catalyst shows a distinct maximum as a function of both temperature and hydrogen/oil ratio. These maxima are induced by the vapour-liquid equilibria in the reactor. A qualitative descri tion involving the concentration of heavy coke precursors present in the 01.P phase is given.
Furl and Energy Abstracts January 1995
13