01414 Apparatus for gasification of coal and method for discharge of slags

01414 Apparatus for gasification of coal and method for discharge of slags

03 Gaseous it&s (derived gaseous rimIs) 96/01411 US natural gas marketa. How l fficlont are they? Herbert, J. H. and Kreil, E. Energy Policy, Jan. 1...

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03

Gaseous it&s (derived gaseous rimIs)

96/01411 US natural gas marketa. How l fficlont are they? Herbert, J. H. and Kreil, E. Energy Policy, Jan. 1996, 24, (l), l-5. The authors discuss some key features of the natural gas cash and futures markets for natural gas in the USA. Also they summarize some important and intems ’ problems in these markets. For exam le, the market does not appear Ye* to mformationally efficient throughout tl e USA. This lack of efficiency has been addmssed by the establishment of a second future wntract market. There is ah a very active unregdated derivatives market in which options and swaps are brought and sold. Although the market has changed significantly to better respond to changes in market conditions there are still problems in the way that pipeline space is allocated by pipeline companiea, who still own the pipe, to those companies that have rights to this space. There are also problems in that prices for gas and transport are not transparent to many buyers and sellers.

%I01 41 a Chemical conversion of carbon dloxldr by catalytic hydrogrnatlon and room temperature photoslectrocatalyala Ichikawa, S. Energy Convers. +I&, Jun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (6). 613-616. Conversion of effluent carbon dioxule to fuels is one of the possible mcthods to decrease its emission into the atmosphere. The concept of ‘chemical recycling’ is expected to become a universal practice in the long run not only for its relevancy to CO, but also as a means to solve energy problems by revitalixing flue gases in general through catalytic pmcesses.This report gtves new results on the developments of a rhodium-manganese catalyst for high-conversion of CO, to methane b contact catalytic process and a photoelcctrocatalytic process to convert E 0s to useful chemrcals. 96lo1419 Coal and coalbed methane resource potential of the Bowaer Baaln, northern Brltlah Columbla Ryan, B. D. and Dawson, F. M. Energy Sources, 1995, 17, (l), 107-129. Discusses the estimated methane resource potential, the recoverable reserves and recovery of the gas.

Derived Gaseous Fuels ml412

Apparatus

for coal gaalflcatlon

Katsuta, Y. JP.O7,173,473,

et aL, (Assigned JuL 1995.

to)

Babcock

Hitachi

IX,

JAP.

Pat.

The apparatus consists of a gasification section with a cascade-expanded side wall below the low-most burner, gas tap in the central postion of the bottom of the gasification section, and slag tap surrounding the gas tap, and a quench sectton. 96/01413 Hatate. Y. JP.O7,207,284,

Apparatus (Assiened Aug. I#95

for coal gaalflcatlon to)

Mita

wlth ateam

Industrial

Co.Ltd.

JAP.

Pat.

A paretua for gaalflcatlon of ar ago

JP.O7,109,471,

et aL. (Assigned Apr. 1995.

to)

Babcock

of coal and method for Hitachi

I(k:

JAP.

Pat.

Consists of a gasification furnace, a lock hopper connected to the bottom of the furnace through a valve. and provisions consisting of an upper nozzle and a lower nozzle for supplying water for cooling to the slag. The gasification furnace consists of a asification chamber where powdered raw materials are converted into C % and H at high pressure and temperature, at which the ashes from the raw materials melt. A heat recovery unit is located above the gasification chamber, and a cone-shaped cooling chamber where the formed slags are then water atomized. 96/01415 supported Gry&?

Carbon dloxlda reactlon wlth mathana on La,O, Rh catelyata P. et aL, Energy Cowers. Mgmt., Jun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (6),

Three Rh supported catalysts (RWSiO , Rh&O,-SiO,, investigated by catal tic tests in the b reformmi reactron yo3 ( O,+CH has 7 --> 2CO+2HJ. The La&! , shows a positive effect on e conversion and se ectivity due to the CO, activation. The results lead to the supposition of a deep influence of the CH, partial pressure on the CC2 conversion. The mechanism should involve the reaction of carbon dioxrde on the support with methane adsorbed on the metal. Thermogravimetric analyses put in evidence the role of metal and seem to confirm a concerted reaction scheme in which carbon deposition and CO, conversion simultaneously awur. %I01 416 Catalyala of char gaalflcatlon by mlxed Ilgnoaulfonataa: quantlflcatlon of role of each component Ookam, A. N. and Muhlen, H. J. Fuel, Jan. 1996, 75, (l), 96-98. The synergistic effect due to the addition of mixed lignosulfonate catalyst and the role of each catalyst component during steam gasification of a model char were evaluated quantitatively. The carbon matrix became saturated auicklv with resoect to calcium. However, this saturation does not generaie any problem’for the effectiveness of the sodium catalyst in this mixed catalyttc system. se/o1417 Catalytic reduction of carbon dloxlda. The effects of catalysts and reductanta ;;k5T6 E. er al., Energy Convers. hfgmt., Jun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (6), - . The paper describes several trials which were performed for the catal tic fixauon of carbon dioxide by using hydrogen as well as methane as reclUG tants in or&r to convert into useful chemicals, such as oxygenates and hydrocarbons and synthesis gas, respectively.

96

%I01 421

technology Nensho,

at low temperaturea

1995, 62, (9). 653-659. (In

Coal gaalfler wlth air l eparatlon

Kaueko, S. et aL, JP.O7,126,664.

(Assigned

to) Mitsubishi

Heavy

apparatus Ind

Ltd,

JAP.

Pat.

The coal gasifier has a lock-hopper type arrangement for supplying pulverized coal, and is associated with an air separation apparatus to su ply recovered N2 to the lock-hopper and 0, to the combustor section oP the gasifier.

,

The apparatus consists of a gasifier with a coal inlet on the top, a fuel gas inlet on the funnelbottom for accumulating the dropped coal particles, a draft tube WI*r a low-end opening toward the fuel-gas inlet. a steam inlet, a product gas outlet, and a flue gas outlet. se/o1414 dlacharge &da, A.

96lOl420 Coal gaaltlcatlon under atmospherici praaaura Ijichi K. er al., Nenryo oyobi Japanese)

Fuel and Energy Abstracta

March 1996

Se/O1422 Ellmlnatlon of ammonla from coal gaalflcatlon &earns by ualn a catalytic membrane reactor Gob& E. N. et af , Ind Eng. Chem. Res, 1995, 34, (11). 3777-3783. The paper discusses a catalytic membrane process for the removal of ammoma in coal gasification. Mathematical simulations for an experimental reactor comprising a thin but continuous layer of a Pd-Ag alloy deposited on a porous substrate are described. %I01 423 Evaluatlon of prospects for development of underground coal gaaltlcatlon In the Kuznatak Baaln M asnikov, A. A. and Laxarenko, S. N. Fiz-Tekh. ProbL Razrab. Poiezn Is L p., 1995, (2). 73-76. (In Russian) Discus.~ the advantageous economic, geologic and environmental factors for development of underground coal gasification in the Kuxnetsk Basin. 96101424 The fate of nltrogen and sulfur In coal aalflcatlon Middleton. S. P. et aL. IChemE Res. 1st Event-Eur. Con. P Younn Res. Own.+, Inst. Chem. Eng, Rugby-UK 1995, 1.589-591. . ” ~~ Descrrbes a small fluidixed bed which has been designed and w~~~cted to study the processes which govern the distribuiion of nitrogen and sulphur between char and volatile-s during partial gasification of coal. Hlgh temperatura daaulfurlxatlon of l yntheala gas ~~~‘l?~~ compounds fiJ78jjyioM. S. and Jung, D. Y. Fuel Process. TechnoL, 1995, 44, (l), Discusses the feasibility of adding iron compounds with the coal feed as a means to capture sulphur in situ during the partial oxidation of coal in a Texaco gasifier operating in the sla ’ g mode. Overall, the studies indicate that iron additives have gOJY potential as sorbents for in situ dcsulphurixation with oxygen gasification. Hlatory matching atudlea of a coal-bed methane 96/01426 reaervolr Yamaguchi, S. et aL, Sekiyu Gijutsu KyokaLshL 1995, 60, (3). 210-217. (In Japanese) Describes an existing walbed methane gas production well which was subjected to simulation work using a numerical model based on double porosity concept of coal seam, namely matrix and fracture. 96101427 Influences of carbon source and C/N ntlo on nltratalnltrlta donltrlflcatlon and carbon breakthrough Her, J. J. and Huang, J. S. Bioresource Technology 1995,54, (I), 4551. In the batch reactor system, denitrification was almost complete while the C/N ratio of each of the four different carbon sources (methanol, acetic acid, glucose, benxoic acid) was properly controlled. The minimum C/N ratio required for nearly complete denitrification using an aromatic carbon source was significantly higher than that using the other three non-aromatic sources. For non-aromatic carbon sources, the minimum C/N ratio required for nearly complete denitrification increased with an increase of molecular weight. After nearly complete denitrification, the carbon residual could be further reduced to methane gas.