00543 Apparatus for coal gasification without slag jam

00543 Apparatus for coal gasification without slag jam

08 Steam raising (boiler operation/design) blast furnace gas and reforming gas from coals. Zinc oxide can he captured during pyrolysis by both high ...

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08

Steam raising (boiler operation/design)

blast furnace gas and reforming gas from coals. Zinc oxide can he captured during pyrolysis by both high temperature filters and low temperature filters in the quenching chamber. The pollutant gases, such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, are at relatively low levels, about 100-300 ppm. Increasing the tire injection quantity will increase the hydrocarbon concentration, increase the combustion heat of the pyrolysis product, and decrease the metal oxide concentration. With steam injection, a large quantity of hydrogen and carbon monoxide with lower concentrations of ethyne was produced. The combustion heat is slightly lower with steam injection than without it. Neither polychlorinated biphenyls nor paminohippuric acid was detected in the ashes. 97160542

technology

Transfer of renewable energy to developing countries Solu~ Enew. Dec. 1996, 17, (4). 12.

and environmental

Zahedi, A.. The paper discusses the need for basic utilities in developing countries the scope fur renewable energy sources to provide these services.

08

and

Boiler Operation/Design Apparatus

for coal gasification

without

slag jam

Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08,143,874 [Y&143,X74] (Cl. Ueda, A. ef al., CiOJ3/46), 4 Jun 1996, Appl. 941312,347, 24 Nov. 1994. (In Japanese). This paper looks at the apparatus for slag cooling section and gasification sectiun which includes a boiler system to have different water-cooling walls,

09

COMBUSTION Burners,

97100544

Analysis

Combustion of the operation

Systems of a shaft kiln fired with

coke-oven gas Inz. Apr. Chern.. 1996, 35, (2), 1 I-14. (In Gawdzik, A. and Smolczyk, A., Polish) The analysis presented in this article shows a posdibility of obtaining burnt lime in a coke gas-fired shaft furnace. A mathematical model of the furnace together with the appropriate numerical procedure. enables a simulation of the operating furnace at various processing parameters. Therefore, the appropriate software can be a useful tuul for process engineers working in the lime plants.

97100545 measures

Coke degradation mechanism and suppression during high-rate pulverized coal in’ ction

Yamaguchi. K. et al., Tctsrrto Hqanr. 1996, 8I , (X), h4l-646. (In Japanese) This article examines the coke degradation mechanism which was considered to suppress the fine coke increase during high-rate pulverized coal injection. It describes how the fine coke increases at the tuyere level during high-rate pulverized coal injection because of degraded coke surface and the lack of gasification by oxygen and the increase of gasification hy carbon dioxide in the raceway. The use of high reactive coke is effective to suppress the coke degradation. To apply the model experimental results to the actual blast furnace. it is necessary tu consider the effect of coke strength at room temperature and the decrease of coke surface strength after gasification during the use of high reactive coke. 97100546

residual

Combustion-generated fuel oil combustion

NO,

and

coke

in

heavy

Oksanen. A. and Karvinen, R., Cojnhusf. Sci. Techrd.. 1995, 108, (4-h). 345-361. In this paper the numerical modelling of combustion of heayy residual fuel oil was presented. with emphasis on NO emissions and formation of coke (soot). The emissions of both species were greatly affected by gas temperature. The calculated results of three combustion cases, with thermal inputs of 1.X. 3.5, and 3h MW. were compared with the measured results. A simplified model for the formation and reduction of NO, where HCN is an intermediate phase hetween fuel nitrogen and NO, was used. The amount of coke generated was described with the so-called residual carbon rate coefficient, <, which in actual practice has a nonlinear relationship to the heavy residues and chemical structure of the fuel. It

42

Fuel and Energy Abstracts

97100547 turbine

January 1997

Combustion

of low

heating

value

gas

in a gas

Kelsall, G. and Cannon. M.. VTT Sy~p., 1996. lh4 (Power Productione from Biomass II with Special Emphasis on Gasification and Pyrolysi\ R&DD), 109-126. A brief overview of the air blown gasification cycle (ABGC) dcvclopment initiative and discussion of the general requirements for a gas turbine operating within such a cycle. It also presents full comhustor performance results for the second phase of turbine comhustor development and discusses the rationale for the progressive design modifications made within that program. Includes the strategy for the further development of the comhustor t9 hum low calorific value fuel gas with low conversion of fuelbound nitrogen to NO,.

97100546 freeboard

STEAM RAISING

97100543

was assumed that a fixed portion of vapourized fuel oil remains as coke (i.e. t is a const.). The prediction of snot absorptivity was based on the idea that soot is formed in the zones where fuel vapour is burning.

Combustion of a calorimetric

modelling of coal volatiles fluidized bed combustor

in the

Bautista-Margulis, R. G. cr al.. Fttrl. Dee 1996. 75, (lS), 1737-1742. In order to conduct a parametric study with the experimental results obtained from a calorimetric fluidized bed combustor (FBC) a simplified kinetic approach, based on functional groups of the parent coal. was coupled with the bed hydrodynamics and a volatiles evolution region within the bed. The model results are presented and discussed. Good agreement between the model and experimental data suggests that tho evolution of volatiles for coal particle diameters
97100549 boilers

Computerized

analysis

of low-NO,

coal-fired

utility

Epple, B. cl ul.. C‘onthtrs~. Sci. Tcc/~~zo/., 1995. 10X(. 4-h), 3833401. In this study mathematic modeling and simulations were used to assess the effect of modifications of the combustion process and pollutant formation for two pulverized coal combustion plants. These were: (I) a hituminou\ coal-fired furnace (490.MW thermal capacity). with eight swirl burners, and (2) a brown-coal-fired furnace (ISOMW thermal capacity). In order to reduce NO, formation, the furnace system was modified using a different burner design and a modified burnout air arrangement for staging of combustion air. The goals were to reduce CO emissions and to improve coal burnout. Fur a more flexible discretization of the domain. a method was developed which allows each burner to he discretired by an independent grid system. Using this method. the details of the burner geometry can be considered and the governing processes of pollutant formation in the nearburner znne may be described in more detail.

97100550 Design of automatic of water-coal slurry

control system for combustion

Ban, Y., Grartgri Shifbn Duxnc X~rehoo, Z~rcrn Kc,rireho~~, IYYh, 14, (I ). 3X41. (In Chinese) Details the development of a method for the automatic temperature regulation in industrial kilns of burning water-coal paste fuel making use of a PID loop system. The kiln temperature difference WRS as a main control signal to regulate the fuel injection, and balance ventilation was used to maintain balanced heating in the kiln. The system is also suitable for temperature regulation in kilns using other fuels.

97100551 Devolatilization studies of single coal particles at high heating rates (carbon dioxide laser pyrolysis, heat transfer) Maswadeh, W. M.. Avail. Univ. Microfilms Int.. Order No. DA9nZlY72. From Dits. Ahsfr. hf., B 1906, 57, (3), 1962. This paper looks at the devolatilization studies of single coal particles at high heating rates (carbon dioxide laser pyrolysis. heat transfer).

97100552 Effect of SOP and NO on the conversion of fuel nitrogen to N20 and NO in single particle combustion of coal Tullin, C. J. et al., Comh~rst. Ser. Tecl~~d., 1995, IOh. (l-3) 153-166. Reports and discusses the effects of SO: and NO concentrations on the emissions of NLO and NO from a single particle of coal burning in a fluidized bed comhustor. The experiments were carried out in a laboratory scale quartz glass fluidized hed reactor in the temperture range 1023-I 123 K. During the combustion of the volatiles, addition of NO (250 ppm) results in an increased formation of NzO, whereas the net NO formation decreases. This effect is enhanced when both NO (250 ppm) and SOL (900 ppm) are included in the fluidizing gas mixture. During the char combustion stage, similar effects are seen i.e., the NzO formation increases in the presence of NO, and is further increased in the presence of both NO and SO?. Over the temperature range investigated, the addition of NO resulted in an increased emission of NzO, whereas the effect of SO: decreased with increasing temperature.