03
97102773
Novel syngas-based
process for methyl methacrylate
Gaseous
fuels
(derived
gaseous
fuels)
was tested with the Ames Salmonella/microsomal assay. The chemical characterization of the subtractions revealed the existence of aromatic hydrocarbons in certain subtractions, which may be responsible for the mutagenic activity of the coal-derived mild gasification products.
Gogate, M. R. Proc. Annu.. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 1996, 13, (1). 559564. The manufacture of Me methacrylate from syngas is achieved with a threestep process. The steps are as follows: (1) synthesis of a propionate, (2) condensation with formaldehyde, (3) esterification of resulting methacrylate acid (MAA) with methanol to produce MMA. The MO hexacarbonyl catalyst works efficiently at much less severe conditions than the conventional Ni catalysts. Active and stable V-S-P and Ta metal oxide catalysts were developed for condensation reactions of propionates with formaldehyde. A novel correlation was demonstrated among the catalyst acid-base properties, condensation reaction yield, and long-term catalyst activity. The propionate synthesis process is shown to be competitive with other technologies to produce the anhydride.
Fang, Y. T. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 1996, 13, (2). l4371442. The paper reports on the gasification reactivity of fly ash and char. The reactivity of fly ash was higher than that of char in CO?. but is lower in HaO, and COz-HzO. In addition, the effect of microporous surface area on gasification reactivity and kinetics were studied.
Process higher hydrocarbons
97102783 A tube furnace
for
97102774
the
conversion
of natural
gas
into
De Vries, L. PCT Int. Appl. WO 97 09,293 (Cl. CO7C27/00), 13 Mar 1997, Appl. 95/U5 11.249, 8 Sep 1995; 44 pp. A combination of processing steps in which natural gas is first converted into syngas is described. The Hz and CO2 of which are reacted along with excess or recycled CO: in a reverse water gas shift reactor to produce a mixture of water and CO, which is then contacted with a metal catalyst (e.g., Ni) to produce a mixture of higher-molecular weight hydrocarbons and water. Unreacted CO2 is recycled as part of the syngas feedstream. Process flow diagrams are presented. 97102775
dust removal
Recent development of a simultaneous sulfur and process for IGCC power generation system
Kamei. K. et (I/. Proc. Anttu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 1996, 13, (2), 12X4128’). A joint Investigation was undertaken by the Engineering Association for Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle Power System and Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd (KHI). testing a four t/d moving bed hot gas cleanup system. Tests indicated that sulfur and dust concentration in the outlet stream under standard operation condition were well below the target values.
97102776 Kaiho.
M.
Recent trends Shi
of development 1996, 5(h), 359-368.
of coal gasification (In Japanese)
Recovery of slags from gasification for use in a 97102777 fluidized-bed boiler Xu, Y.-X. et al. Huofei Gongye, 1996, 23, (6), 37-40. (In Chinese) 97102778
Simulation
of coal gasification
in a fluidized
bed
Syamlal, M. and O’Brien, T. J. Chem. Phys. Processes Comhnst., 1996, 28%2X!. The conservation of mass, momentum, and energy for three interpenetrating phases is described by set of multiphase (Eulerian) fluid dynamic equations.
97102779 syngas
Single
stage
LPDME
synthesis
using
Sintering gasifiers.
behavior of fly slag particles in entrained 2. Production of amorphous slag in
Ueda, A. et al. Nippon Kikai Gakkai Ronhunshu, B-hen 1996, 62, (602), 37 19-3724. The lowest sintering temperature among the fly slag particles in entrained bed gasifiers was found to be amorphous slag. This temperature should be of great importance for designing a gasifier without slag sintering problems. This paper explains how to produce amorphous slag in a laboratory. Ash in a graphite crucible with a plug was heated and melted at between 1400 and 1700°C. and then the molten slag was quenched in a water bath. The amorphous slag can be made by heating at about 100°C above the ash fluid temperature.
97102781 Studies on the mutagenicity products of coal and their subtractions microsomal assay
The study on gasification bed gasifier
study
reactivity
on coal gasification
of fly ash from
in pressurized
drop
Ahn. D.-H. et al. 95x. A pressurized drop tube furnace (PDTF) reactor has been designed and constructed at KEPRI laboratory. The Korea Electrical Power Research Institute has been using this technology for a project of coal gasification. The project aims to determine the reaction mechanisms and kinetics for gasification of imported coals under the simulated operating conditions of a commercially entrained flow gasifier. This paper describes the design and operation of the PDTF reactor for the coal gasification study for IGCC. Proc. Annu.
Irtt. Pittsburgh
Coal Conf..
97102784 A study on coal reactivity tube furnace
1996, 13, (2), 953-
with a pressurized
drop
Kajitani, S. et al. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 1996, 13. (2), 976981. This paper states that coal-fired power plants, in which coal gasification or combustion occur under high temperature and high pressure, will be the most common types in use in the future. In order to clarity the reactivity characteristics under the special-reaction conditions in these furnaces. a high-temperature pressurized drop tube furnace was designed and manufactured. Coal gasification tests were done under the pressurized conditions considered for the proposed plant with this developed equipment.
97102785 A study on mineralogical used Indian silica coke oven bricks
and physical
changes
in
Daimia, M. H. et al. Adv. Refract. Metall. Ind. II, Ptw. Irlt. Symp., 2nd 1996, 179-188. Edited by Rigaud, M. and Allaire, C.. Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum, Montreal, Quebec. This work focuses on the silica bricks used in a coke oven for 22 years, The study covered transformation of silica-polymorphs and changes in creep, apparent porosity and bulk density. Mineralogy and physical properties show variation in different temperature zones and also from gas to coke face of the individual brick. The increase of flux contents causes a decrease in porosity and an increase in density. Mineralogical and physical changes also cause variation in creep property of the used brick.
CO,lCO-rich
Gunda, A. and Lee, S. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittshwgh Coal Conf., 1996, 13, (2), 1007-101 I. Single stage co-production of methanol and di-Me ether is possible with the Liquid Phase Di-Me Ether (LPDME) process. A bi-functional catalytic system comprising of methanol synthesis catalyst and a dehydration catalyst such as alumina are used in a slurried inert mineral oil in this process. Due to simultaneous occurrence of all the three reactions (methanol reaction. dehydration reaction and water-gas shift reaction) a higher conversion of syngas per pa\s may be achieved by the removal of some methanol by chemical conversion to DME. In this paper, the effect of CO? in feed syngas on reaction rates and selectivity was examined as a function of COz concentration in syngas.
97102780 bed coal laboratory
97102782 fluidized
asification of mild by the !r almonella/
Zhong, B.-Z. et al. Enwon. Res., 1997, 72, (l), 32-44. Different coal sources and processing conditions were used to obtain 13 coal-derived mild gasification products. These have been examined to determine their potential biohazards. The mutagenicity of these samples
97102786 slagging
Suitability gasifiers
of Australian
bituminous
coals for use in
Patterson, J. H. et 01. Proc. Annu. Znt. Pittshurgit Cocrl Couf.. 1996, 13. (2). 1449-1454. The world coal markets will expand with the commercial development of coal based integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power generation technologies for use in slagging gasifiers. Australian export thermal coals, however, pose a concern in such technologies due to their high ash fusion temperatures. Slag tapability has been assessed using slag viscosity vs temperature curves and consequently to assess the suitability of bituminous coals for such use. It was found that a number of major operational and developing mines in New South Wales and Queensland appear well placed to compete in this emerging coal market.
97102787 gasification Li. Y.-H.
Survey and review of technical renovation of coal units in medium size nitrogen fertilizer plants
Huafei
Gongye.
1996, 23, (6), 7-12, 59. (In Chinese)
97102788 Thermogravimetric studies on the global kinetics of carbon gasification in nitrous oxide Teng, H. et al. Ind. Eng. Chem. Rex., 1997, 36, (3). 523-529. A thermogravimetric system was used to determine the global kinetics of carbon gasification in NaO. The carbon was a phenol-formaldehyde resin char of low impurity levels, and the burn-off range of the carbon in this study was O-4570. The temperature range studied was 673-923 K, and the partial pressure of NzO was varied from 10.1 to 101 kPa. The kinetics can be divided into two temperature regimes. The low-temperature regime is characterized by an activation energy, which increases slightly with the extent of carbon burn-off, ranging from 57 to 66 kJ/mol. The hightemperature regime is exhibited by an activation energy, which is also an increasing function of the burn-off level, ranging from 170 to 230 kJ/mol. The rate of gasification increases with the NzO pressure to a maximum and then begins to decrease with a further increase of the pressure.
Fuel
and
Energy
Abstracts
July 1997
229