71
Process heating, power and incineration
(energy applications
regarding models and data selection in order to guarantee more precise results. As a result, the authors propose a test procedure to determine the parameters of a hydraulic turbine model.
no integration, nitrogen only integration integration at three different Integrated (IGCC) power plants.
and full Gasification
97lO3102 Optimum driven, irreversible efrigerator
97103107
Carbothermic smelting mattes for recovery of metal values
of converter
performance of a corrugated, collectorCarnot heat engine and absorption
Goktun, S. and Ozkaynak, S. Gzergy fnt. J., May 1997, 22, (5), 481-485. Energetic optimization is employed to investigate the optimal performance of the heat engine and refrigerator. A minimum operating parameter and a relationship between the maximum overall efficiencies for the systems considered are achieved.
97103103 Process for supplying nitrogen with coal gasification and gas turbine
A review of the effect of vehicle diesel engines
of particulate
traps on the
Stamatelos, A. M. E?lerp Con~,ers. @pt. 1997, 38, (I), 83-99. The use of particulate traps is hecoming more commonplace on city buses, some delivery trucks and fork lift trucks. This will lead to a fuel consumption penalty imposed on the baseline engine due to the trap back pressure and the energy requirements of the regeneration technique adopted to incinerate the collected soot. The author examines the combined effect of trap back pressure imposed on the engine and additional energy required for trap regeneration on the overall efficiency of the diesel power plant. This effect varies according to engine type, trap type and size. and the vehicle driving mode. Efficiency regeneration system used, optimization of trap systems is complicated. especially in the case of diesel-powered passenger cars, where the full exploitation of their efficiency advantage over gasoline-powered cars is constrained by the necessity of an optimized solution of the particulate emission problem. The main diesel particulate trap regeneration philosophies existing today are reviewed in terms of their effect on the total efficiency of the diesel power plant. In the case of diesel particulate control systems, it is concluded that the price of environmental protection may be substantially reduced by system design optimization.
A study of thermochemically recuperative systems using natural gas de Souza-Santos, M. L. Fuel, 1997, 76, (7), 593-601.
97103105 generation
power
Thermochemically recuperative (TCR) systems are studied for power generation. The main feature of such systems is the recuperation of energy from the turbine exhaust through the reforming of a gas-steam stream. Promising theoretical results for future systems using an inlet turbine temperature of 1700 K were obtained. Previous studies indicated TCR would give efficiencies superior to those of more conventional cycles. The best two configurations from the earlier work were selected for more refined computations: TCR with reheating (TCRR) and TCR with reheating and intercooling (TCRRI). Suggestions are given for future studies.
slags
from
Hayman, D. A. and Denton, G. M. S. African ZA 9.5 04,458 (Cl. G22B), 13 Feb 1996, ZA Appl. 9413,729, 10 Jun 1994, 17 pp. The processing of mattes produces converter slag containing Co and other metal values, which is fed into an open-arc d.c. furnace. It has an elevated electrode and a molten bath acting as the other electrode, and the molten slag is treated with a carbonaceous reluctant to obtain molten metal and slag phases for metal recovery.
97103108 operation
11 PROCESS HEATING, POWER AND INCINERATION
97103109 process
Aspects of power plant and oxygen plant integration with COREX plants Smith, A. R. and Harbison, J. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 1996,
97103108
13. (21. 1194-1199. Export gas must be utilised economically if COREX technology is to be successfully commercialized. Power generation is one such use for the gas, especially in a high efficiency combined cycle process. Optimal integration of the cryogenic air separation unit (ASU) with the gas turbine combined cycle module involves significant trade-offs. Issues of oxygen purity, argon production, power use efficiency and power production efficiency must be addressed. Air Products has been actively involved in evaluating COREX opportunities and has supplied the oxygen plant for the COREX facility at POSCO’s Pohang Works. In addition, Air Products has supplied ASUs with
of tuyere
coke
and
blast
furnace
Coals
and
coal
requirements
for
the
COREX
Heckmann, H. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf.. 1996. 13, (2), 12001205 The coal characteristics for coal-based ironmaking by COREX process are discussed.
97lO3110 production
Combined (integrated) COREX ironmaking and DRI technologies Bohm, C. et al. Proc. Amu. lnt. Pittsburgh Cod Conf. 1996. 13, (2), 12071212.
High-quality metal products from 100% scrap or from ore, in addition to a low-BTU fuel gas or a CO-rich synthesis gas are produced by the COREX process following recent developments. The COREX process is a dircctsmelting reduction process for the production of hot metal from coal and iron ore. In addition to its conventional use as a chemical feedstock, the fuel gas can also replace natural gas for the majority of in-plant uses. Including power generation by combined-cycle technology and the direct reduced iron production. The authors give examples for two recently constructed ironmaking plants using COREX technology, one in Korea and the other in South Africa.
Criteria for selection of optimal bonding-discharge 97103111 series for large coke ovens. 3. Determination of wall pressure in industrial coke ovens. Reply to comments. Method for measurement of wall pressure in industrial coke ovens Sheptovitskii, M. S. et al. Koks Khim., 1996. (9), 16-17. (In Russian) Dephosphorization
of molten iron
Kaneko, T. and Horii, K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08,311,517 [96,311,517] (Cl. C21C1/02), 26 Nov 1996, Appl. 951142,452. 18 May 1995, 5 pp. (In Japanese) Powdered coke is blown into molten Fe through a lower end of an injection nozzle and CaO-based flux is blown through another nozzle. The process is detailed and the results show dephosphorization is conducted with high productivity.
97103113 combustion Gu, F. et al.
in Industry
Characteristics
Chen, B. and Shemn. H. Gangtie, 1996, 31, (4). 16-21. (In Chinese) During the regular maintenance of an iron-making blast furnace, the deterioration of tuyere coke was studied. A sample, 3 m in length, was taken from the tuyere plane along the radial direction and was examined in six different parts. The coke deterioration varied along the radial direction parallel with the raceway temperature distribution. Coke deterioration can be minimized by decreasing the coke reactivity and increasing the strength of the reacted coke. The deterioration mechanism and the effect of blast furnace operation on the deterioration were discussed. An analysis of the depth of the raceway, the theoretical combustion temperature and the content of the first iron in the tuyere area are presented.
97103112
Energy Applications
air and nitrogen Combined Cycle
in power generation
Wada. K. and Kojima. H. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08,326,554 [96.326,554] (Cl. F02C3/28), IO Dee 1996, Appl. 951131,621, 30 May 1995; 6 pp. (In Japanese) Increasing nitrogen pressure obtained from an air separation device, using a compressor to be supplied directly to a gas turbine combustor without cooling to improve the thermal efficient.
97lO3104 efficiency
in indusky)
Effect of pulverized coal particle size rate in ironmaking blast furnaces Gangtie, 1996, 31, (4), 11-15, 26. (In Chinese)
on
the
The combustion rate and the explosive transformation of a mixture of anthracite and bituminous coal were almost in direct proportion to the anthracite proportion as shown by laboratory tests. The combustion rate was also found to decrease with the increase of the oortion of -200 mesh particles. The combustion rate of pulverized coal w>s also related to the petrographical constituents of the coal. It was suggested that the coke replacement ratio of pulverized coal can be increased in blast furnace practice by using mixed coal having larger particle size.
97103114
properties
Electrothermal of blast-furnace
method for complex evaluation coke S. A. Koks Khinr., 1996, (9), 18-19.
of
Sklyar, M. G. and Slobodskoi, (In Russian) The dependence of the coke quality on its manufacturing parameters can be determined by this method. It also facilitates the prediction of the coke behaviour in a blast furnace. The test reactor combines high temperature, oxidizing gas atmospheric, and mechanical loading.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 1997
255