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02072 Oxygen blowing in integrated system for coal gasification combined with power generation
03
Gaseous fuels (derived gaseous fuels)
ratios (aO.25) the model predictions for gas composition and the higher heat& value aereed well with the exoerimental data. However. at lower equivalence ratbs (~0.20) the mode] overpredicted the higher heating value of gas and the mole fractions of methane; this was due to the drastic increase -in tar formation at such low equivalence ratios. The model predictions were improved substantially when the tar formation was included. 98102085
Method and apparatus calorific fuels, such as biomass
Noel1 Energie$CirmX$3/58),
und Entsorgungstechnik 3 Apr 1997, Appl.
for gasification
of low
Gmbh Ger. Offen. DE 19,536,383 19,536,383, 29 Sep 1995, 7 pp. (In
Using a combination of flash gas pyrolysis biomass is gasified to synthesis gas.
with movable
bed pyrolysis,
98lO2088
Method and system for producing fuel from a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock
Bauer, A. M. et al. PCT Int. Appl. WO 98 00,477 (Cl. ClOG9/00), 8 Jan 1998, US Appl. 673,265, 28 Jun 1996, 37 pp. A new method of providing fuel suitable for the generation of electrical power has been invented. This involves (i) subjecting a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock to delayed coking to yield coke and liquid hydrocarbon output; (ii) gasifying the coke produced in step (i) to yield synthesis gas; (iii) removing hydrogen sulfide from synthesis gas produced in step (ii); (iv) recovering hydrogen from synthesis gas subjected to the H&removal of step (iii); (v) hydrotreating liquid hydrocarbon output produced in step (i), a substantial amount of the hydrogen used in the hydrotreatment being hvdroeen recovered in steu (iv): and (vi) transoortine liauid hvdrocarbon outpuTsubjected to step (vj, and synthesis gas subjectid to step-(iii) and/or both steps (iii) and (iv), for use as fuel in a combustion turbine adapted for the generation of electrical power. It also comprises a means of generating electrical power, and systems for producing the fuel and generating the power. 98fO2087
Molten metal bath gasifier for production of pig iron from Iron sponge Zschetzsche, A. PCT Int. Appl. WO 97 48,825 (Cl. C21B13/14), 24 Dee 1997. AT ADDI. 96/1.100, 20 Jun 1996, 16 PP. (In German) Molten meta] (especially pig iron) and a synthesis gas is produced in the molten metal bath gasifier. The gasifier has feed inlets for an oxygencontaining gas, carbon-containing materials, and metal-containing charge and has one or more discharge outlets for the generated gas. There is also a tap hole for the molten metal and slag. To allow finely divided metalcontaining materials to be processed without briquetting and without entraining the finely divided metal-containing material out of the gasifier by the generated reduction gas, one or more feed inlets for the metalcontaining material are arranged in the area of a dome that encloses the top of the gasifier. A refractory wall inclined relative to the vertical is arranged inside the gasifier below the opening of the feed inlet for the metalcontaining material. The metal-containing charge falling inside the gasifier hits the inclined wall under the effect of gravity. Above the inclined wall there is a heating device for heating the area between the opening of the feed inlet for the metal-containing material and inclined wall.
Numerical analysis of transport 98102071 packed-bed-type coke gasifiers
phenomena
in
Nogami, H. et al. Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu, 1997, 23, (6), 804-810. (In Japanese) Based on the theories of transport phenomena, chemical reaction kinetics and two-phase flow, a mathematical model has been developed for a moving bed type coke gasifier. This model consists of conservation equations of momentum, heat and mass and an equation of continuity for reaction gas and coke particles together with reaction rate equations. The model estimates temperature and concentration distributions of gas and solid within the gasifier as well as flow characteristics. The model’s validity is confirmed by a comparison of measured and computed temperature distributions in the gasifier. Numerical experiments, which were performed to study the effect of furnace diameter, feed gas composition and feed rate of gasification agents, clarify the effect of these parameters on the furnace operation. Computation results also show the importance of heat loss through the furnace wall for a gasifier with a water jacket.
Oxygen blowing in integrated system for coal 98102072 gasification combined with power generation Abe, T. Jpn. Koai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,316,463 [97,316,463] (Cl. ClOJ3/ 46), 9 Dee 1997, Appl. 96/133,470, 28 May 1996, 5 pp. (In Japanese) The paper details the apparatus, which comprises means for gasifying coal with oxygen and water in a high-temperature reactor to give product gas, a way of injecting air into a molten Nan< salt bed to adsorb oxygen, and the ability to blow the separated oxygen gas into an integrated system for coal gasification, combined with power generation.
Partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas on a Fth/TiO* catalyst in a fast flow porous membrane reactor
90io2073
Alibrando, M. et al. Caral. Letr., 1997, 49, (1.2) 1-12. The paper investigated the partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas over a 3% Rh/TiOz catalyst in a fixed bed and a novel membrane reactor under autothermal conditions using 03 as an oxidant. The membrane reactor allows the partial oxidation reaction to be performed without premixing the reactants reducing the risk of explosion even at low methane/ oxygen ratios. The membrane reactor can operate autothermally and at millisecond residence time. Up to 65% methane conversions with CO and H7 selectivities of 90% and 82%. resoectivelv. were achieved. The kev factors for obtaining autothermal bkhaviour are’s low methane/oxygen ratio and high flow rates. The most sensitive factor for high conversion and selectivities appears to be short contact time and high temperature. The experimental results were interpreted with a kinetic model. 98102074
Preparation
of municipal
refuse for fixed-bed
gasification
Rabe, W. er al. Ger. Offen. DE 19,621,922 (Cl. ClOL5140). 4 Dee 1997, Appl. 19,621,922, 31 May 1996, 3 pp. (In German) Crude gas and liquid hydrocarbons can be obtained from refuse compacted to obtain a particle size of lo-100 mm and density of >l ton/m3 and subjected to fixed-bed pressure gasification. When the compact is heated to 800°C and tumbled at 25 rpm, 25% particles have a particle size of < 1 mm. The refuse is optionally mixed with 550% other fuels and/or wastes prior to gasification. The resulting gas is suitable for driving of gas turbines and as a synthesis gas.
Process and apparatus for production of mixed combustion gas
98/02075 98fO2068
Multifunctional heat recovery-type coal gasification
~~~~~a, Y. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,328,690 (97,328,690] (Cl. ClOJ3/46), 22 Dee 1997, Appl. 96/148,893, 11 Jun 1996, 5 pp. (In Japanese) High-efficiency and high-reliability coal gasification systems such as those used for hydrogen manufacturing and combined-cycle power generation systems, comprise disposing a fluidized-bed heat exchanger and a movingbed heat exchanger in the latter stage of a coal gasifier and using a transport gas (recycle gas or quench gas) with a lower temperature than that of the coal gasification gas for recycling the fluidizing medium through the heat exchangers. 98iO2069
New approach to application of classic methods of phystcochemical kinetics to analysis of efficiency of plasma technology for coal gaslficatlon Karpenko, E. I. and Devyatov, B. N. Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 1995, 343, (2) 202-204. (In Russian) Based on generalized stochastic characteristics of heterogeneous processes in reactors a method is proposed for kinetics analysis. The method is used for an integral evaluation of factors affecting the efficiency of plasma technology.
Prokop, L. and Kohut, K. Czech Rep. CZ 282,333 (Cl. ClOK3/06), 11 Jun 1997, Appl. 1,524, 13 Jun 1995, 7 pp. (In Czech) To produce a mixed gas, various combustible gases (e.g. coke-oven gas, blast-furnace gas, converter gas, natural gas) are blended. This is done according to a constant amount of combustion air necessary for complete combustion. A mutual ratio of >2 gas components is changed. The blending apparatus is connected to a furnace and controlled by feedback of data on oxygen content in the flue gas.
Production of hydrogen from biomass by catalytic 98lO2076 steam reforming of fast pyrolysis oils Wang, D. et al. Energy Fuels, 1998, 12, (1) 19-24. Hydrogen production by the fast pyrolysis of biomass followed by catalytic steam reforming and shift conversion of specific fractions is reported. The process begins with fast pyrolysis of biomass to produce bio-oil, which can be converted to hydrogen via catalytic steam reforming followed by a shift conversion step. Such a process has been demonstrated at the bench scale using model compounds and the aqueous fraction of poplar oil with commercial nickel-based steam-reforming catalysts. The process has achieved hydrogen yields as high as 85% of the stoichiometric value. Initial catalyst activity can be maintained by periodic regeneration via steam or carbon dioxide gasification of the carbonaceous deposits.
Production of synthesls gas from hydrocarbon feedstock by reforming using Feitknecht catalysts
90lo2077
New tvoe of binder for coal for aasification 98fo2070 Qin, J. and Li, S. Hiifei Gongye, 1997, 24, (6), 25128. (In Chinese) The reaction mechanism of a new type of coal binder and its preparation are presented. The binder is of organic origin, shows strong adhesion and widens the range of coals adaptable. The coal made with this binder is high in mechanical strength, low in-ash content and high in fixed carbon content, and is manufactured for use in gasification.
188
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 1998
Scott, S. B. J. Brit. UK Pat. Appl. GB 2,311,790 (Cl. COlB3/40), 8 Ott 1997, Appl. 9617,231, 4 Apr 1996, 36 pp. A mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, this syngas is produced from a mixture of methane and oxygen by partial oxidization of the methane in which the reactant gas mixture at a relatively low temperature and a pressure of 1150 bar is contacted with a defined nickel-aluminium
Gaseous fuels (derived gaseous fuels)
ratios (aO.25) the model predictions for gas composition and the higher heat& value aereed well with the exoerimental data. However. at lower equivalence ratbs (~0.20) the mode] overpredicted the higher heating value of gas and the mole fractions of methane; this was due to the drastic increase -in tar formation at such low equivalence ratios. The model predictions were improved substantially when the tar formation was included. 98102085
Method and apparatus calorific fuels, such as biomass
Noel1 Energie$CirmX$3/58),
und Entsorgungstechnik 3 Apr 1997, Appl.
for gasification
of low
Gmbh Ger. Offen. DE 19,536,383 19,536,383, 29 Sep 1995, 7 pp. (In
Using a combination of flash gas pyrolysis biomass is gasified to synthesis gas.
with movable
bed pyrolysis,
98lO2088
Method and system for producing fuel from a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock
Bauer, A. M. et al. PCT Int. Appl. WO 98 00,477 (Cl. ClOG9/00), 8 Jan 1998, US Appl. 673,265, 28 Jun 1996, 37 pp. A new method of providing fuel suitable for the generation of electrical power has been invented. This involves (i) subjecting a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock to delayed coking to yield coke and liquid hydrocarbon output; (ii) gasifying the coke produced in step (i) to yield synthesis gas; (iii) removing hydrogen sulfide from synthesis gas produced in step (ii); (iv) recovering hydrogen from synthesis gas subjected to the H&removal of step (iii); (v) hydrotreating liquid hydrocarbon output produced in step (i), a substantial amount of the hydrogen used in the hydrotreatment being hvdroeen recovered in steu (iv): and (vi) transoortine liauid hvdrocarbon outpuTsubjected to step (vj, and synthesis gas subjectid to step-(iii) and/or both steps (iii) and (iv), for use as fuel in a combustion turbine adapted for the generation of electrical power. It also comprises a means of generating electrical power, and systems for producing the fuel and generating the power. 98fO2087
Molten metal bath gasifier for production of pig iron from Iron sponge Zschetzsche, A. PCT Int. Appl. WO 97 48,825 (Cl. C21B13/14), 24 Dee 1997. AT ADDI. 96/1.100, 20 Jun 1996, 16 PP. (In German) Molten meta] (especially pig iron) and a synthesis gas is produced in the molten metal bath gasifier. The gasifier has feed inlets for an oxygencontaining gas, carbon-containing materials, and metal-containing charge and has one or more discharge outlets for the generated gas. There is also a tap hole for the molten metal and slag. To allow finely divided metalcontaining materials to be processed without briquetting and without entraining the finely divided metal-containing material out of the gasifier by the generated reduction gas, one or more feed inlets for the metalcontaining material are arranged in the area of a dome that encloses the top of the gasifier. A refractory wall inclined relative to the vertical is arranged inside the gasifier below the opening of the feed inlet for the metalcontaining material. The metal-containing charge falling inside the gasifier hits the inclined wall under the effect of gravity. Above the inclined wall there is a heating device for heating the area between the opening of the feed inlet for the metal-containing material and inclined wall.
Numerical analysis of transport 98102071 packed-bed-type coke gasifiers
phenomena
in
Nogami, H. et al. Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu, 1997, 23, (6), 804-810. (In Japanese) Based on the theories of transport phenomena, chemical reaction kinetics and two-phase flow, a mathematical model has been developed for a moving bed type coke gasifier. This model consists of conservation equations of momentum, heat and mass and an equation of continuity for reaction gas and coke particles together with reaction rate equations. The model estimates temperature and concentration distributions of gas and solid within the gasifier as well as flow characteristics. The model’s validity is confirmed by a comparison of measured and computed temperature distributions in the gasifier. Numerical experiments, which were performed to study the effect of furnace diameter, feed gas composition and feed rate of gasification agents, clarify the effect of these parameters on the furnace operation. Computation results also show the importance of heat loss through the furnace wall for a gasifier with a water jacket.
Oxygen blowing in integrated system for coal 98102072 gasification combined with power generation Abe, T. Jpn. Koai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,316,463 [97,316,463] (Cl. ClOJ3/ 46), 9 Dee 1997, Appl. 96/133,470, 28 May 1996, 5 pp. (In Japanese) The paper details the apparatus, which comprises means for gasifying coal with oxygen and water in a high-temperature reactor to give product gas, a way of injecting air into a molten Nan< salt bed to adsorb oxygen, and the ability to blow the separated oxygen gas into an integrated system for coal gasification, combined with power generation.
Partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas on a Fth/TiO* catalyst in a fast flow porous membrane reactor
90io2073
Alibrando, M. et al. Caral. Letr., 1997, 49, (1.2) 1-12. The paper investigated the partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas over a 3% Rh/TiOz catalyst in a fixed bed and a novel membrane reactor under autothermal conditions using 03 as an oxidant. The membrane reactor allows the partial oxidation reaction to be performed without premixing the reactants reducing the risk of explosion even at low methane/ oxygen ratios. The membrane reactor can operate autothermally and at millisecond residence time. Up to 65% methane conversions with CO and H7 selectivities of 90% and 82%. resoectivelv. were achieved. The kev factors for obtaining autothermal bkhaviour are’s low methane/oxygen ratio and high flow rates. The most sensitive factor for high conversion and selectivities appears to be short contact time and high temperature. The experimental results were interpreted with a kinetic model. 98102074
Preparation
of municipal
refuse for fixed-bed
gasification
Rabe, W. er al. Ger. Offen. DE 19,621,922 (Cl. ClOL5140). 4 Dee 1997, Appl. 19,621,922, 31 May 1996, 3 pp. (In German) Crude gas and liquid hydrocarbons can be obtained from refuse compacted to obtain a particle size of lo-100 mm and density of >l ton/m3 and subjected to fixed-bed pressure gasification. When the compact is heated to 800°C and tumbled at 25 rpm, 25% particles have a particle size of < 1 mm. The refuse is optionally mixed with 550% other fuels and/or wastes prior to gasification. The resulting gas is suitable for driving of gas turbines and as a synthesis gas.
Process and apparatus for production of mixed combustion gas
98/02075 98fO2068
Multifunctional heat recovery-type coal gasification
~~~~~a, Y. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,328,690 (97,328,690] (Cl. ClOJ3/46), 22 Dee 1997, Appl. 96/148,893, 11 Jun 1996, 5 pp. (In Japanese) High-efficiency and high-reliability coal gasification systems such as those used for hydrogen manufacturing and combined-cycle power generation systems, comprise disposing a fluidized-bed heat exchanger and a movingbed heat exchanger in the latter stage of a coal gasifier and using a transport gas (recycle gas or quench gas) with a lower temperature than that of the coal gasification gas for recycling the fluidizing medium through the heat exchangers. 98iO2069
New approach to application of classic methods of phystcochemical kinetics to analysis of efficiency of plasma technology for coal gaslficatlon Karpenko, E. I. and Devyatov, B. N. Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 1995, 343, (2) 202-204. (In Russian) Based on generalized stochastic characteristics of heterogeneous processes in reactors a method is proposed for kinetics analysis. The method is used for an integral evaluation of factors affecting the efficiency of plasma technology.
Prokop, L. and Kohut, K. Czech Rep. CZ 282,333 (Cl. ClOK3/06), 11 Jun 1997, Appl. 1,524, 13 Jun 1995, 7 pp. (In Czech) To produce a mixed gas, various combustible gases (e.g. coke-oven gas, blast-furnace gas, converter gas, natural gas) are blended. This is done according to a constant amount of combustion air necessary for complete combustion. A mutual ratio of >2 gas components is changed. The blending apparatus is connected to a furnace and controlled by feedback of data on oxygen content in the flue gas.
Production of hydrogen from biomass by catalytic 98lO2076 steam reforming of fast pyrolysis oils Wang, D. et al. Energy Fuels, 1998, 12, (1) 19-24. Hydrogen production by the fast pyrolysis of biomass followed by catalytic steam reforming and shift conversion of specific fractions is reported. The process begins with fast pyrolysis of biomass to produce bio-oil, which can be converted to hydrogen via catalytic steam reforming followed by a shift conversion step. Such a process has been demonstrated at the bench scale using model compounds and the aqueous fraction of poplar oil with commercial nickel-based steam-reforming catalysts. The process has achieved hydrogen yields as high as 85% of the stoichiometric value. Initial catalyst activity can be maintained by periodic regeneration via steam or carbon dioxide gasification of the carbonaceous deposits.
Production of synthesls gas from hydrocarbon feedstock by reforming using Feitknecht catalysts
90lo2077
New tvoe of binder for coal for aasification 98fo2070 Qin, J. and Li, S. Hiifei Gongye, 1997, 24, (6), 25128. (In Chinese) The reaction mechanism of a new type of coal binder and its preparation are presented. The binder is of organic origin, shows strong adhesion and widens the range of coals adaptable. The coal made with this binder is high in mechanical strength, low in-ash content and high in fixed carbon content, and is manufactured for use in gasification.
188
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 1998
Scott, S. B. J. Brit. UK Pat. Appl. GB 2,311,790 (Cl. COlB3/40), 8 Ott 1997, Appl. 9617,231, 4 Apr 1996, 36 pp. A mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, this syngas is produced from a mixture of methane and oxygen by partial oxidization of the methane in which the reactant gas mixture at a relatively low temperature and a pressure of 1150 bar is contacted with a defined nickel-aluminium