384
BOOKREVIEWS
describe the case history. Then they go on to describe their patient’s performance on a large number of tests of single word processing, including oral repetition of words, writing to dictation, and oral and written picture naming. Throughout the description of test performance, the data are interpreted in terms of their significance for recent models of lexical processing. The general conclusion is that the complex set of symptoms shown by the patient may be explained by a basic impairment in auditory comprehension processes, and by an additional deficit in semantic processing. A by-product of the extensive testing procedure is the first demonstration of o~hographi~lly based errors in oral naming. In the second part of the book, the authors discuss the implications of their data for different lexical theories and concepts such as ‘word deafness’. In conclusion, Howard and Franklin make a convincing case that the detailed study of individual patients may advance our understanding of neurolinguistic processing. Clinical psychologists and behaviour therapists with a more general background in nemopsychology might tind it useful to read the aphasia chapters in neuropsychology textbooks, before reading this interesting but rather specialized book. IRENEDAUM
P. C. KENDALL and D. WATXJN (Eds): Anxiety New York (1989). xviii + 519 pp. S49.95.
and Depression:
Distinctive
and Uver~appi~g Features. Academic Press,
During the past 20 years research into anxiety and depression has proceeded rapidly with many notable developments (e.g. the emergence of cognitive therapy). However, relatively little attention has been paid to the relationship between these two disorders, and this book represents the first systematic attempt to redress the balance. As such it will be welcomed by workers in both areas. A secondary function of the book seems to be to act as a vehicle for the concept of negative affectivity (NA)-a broad personal disposition which subsumes both anxiety and depression. Those who are less convinced by the utility of this construct might find this slightly intrusive. This is particularly evident in the editors’ introductory chapter where NA is discussed at the expense of a more general overview of the issues involved in relating the two disorders. The book is usefully organised into five sections: theoretical perspectives; assessment issues; precursors and concomitants; treatment; and, summary and conclusions. There are several chapters which stand out as excellent works of reference. Gotlib and Cane comprehensively review the various self-report measures of anxiety and depression and provide succinct analyses of their discriminant validity. Williams and Poling contribute a detailed and exhaustive chapter on epidemiology which is extremely clear, especially on the methodological pitfalls of this area. Foa, Rothbaum and Kozak discuss behavioural treatments of anxiety and depression and this chapter, along with the one by Clark and Beck on cognitive theory and therapy, offers the clearest insight into the distinguishing features of the two disorders. Finally, Stokes and McKinnan provide a clear overview of social support, with a particularly helpful discussion of the problems involved in the objective measurement of this construct. The book would have benefited from a lengthy, well thought-out chapter on the biological and pharmacological correlates of depression and anxiety, particularly as these are important factors in the debate on distinctive and overlapping features. Instead, a brief resume of current research is, somewhat mysteriously, tagged onto the end of the chapter on anxiety and depression in children and adolescents. This space would have been more satisfactorily filled with a review of treatment strategies in these age groups. I was also disappointed to find that the editors had not included an author index, which detracts slightly from the book’s value as a reference work. Despite these minor quibbles, this volume is a very valuable and timely contribution to this area and is an essential addition to the library shelf. TIM DALCLEISH
M. A. LEWIS,G. M. KENNEY, A. DOR and R. DIGHE: AIDS in Developing Countries: Cost issues and Poiicy Trade-@. Urban Institute Press, Washington, D.C. (1989). vii + 91 pp. f23.50. AIDS is a worldwide problem and it is only relatively recently that its implications for health and resources, especially in the developing countries or LDCs (less developed countries as this book describes them), have been recognized. This slim volume from the Urban Institute attempts to fill this gap. In addition to the abstract and an executive summary (!) it has six chapters. The chapter on clinical aspects is well written. However, the chapters on global context and prevention issues are patchy. LDCs in one chapter include Latin America and Africa-the Asian subcontinent and the Middle East are largely ignored except for one study, whereas in another India is included. The impending financial crisis secondary to AIDS is generally being underestimated and this book makes an attempt to draw attention to it. There are several cross-cultural issues that AIDS researchers, including the authors of the present volume, have ignored completely, The gender role, the power relations and hierarchies within a culture, and healer-patient relationships are only some of the issues. Some Americanizations like ‘attendees’ stick out like a sore thumb. Bearing in mind the price of the book and its slimness, the cost effectiveness of this volume is extremely limited, especially to the LDC markets where it may be aimed. DINESHBHUGRA
E. PEFCECMAN (Ed.): Integraring Theory and Practice in Clinical ~europsycha~og~. xxviii + 438 pp. f53.50.
Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, N.J. (1989).
Following Perecman’s informative introduction to this important book, the 16 chapters by experimental psychologists and clinicians cover a wide range of material. The unifying theme throughout the volume is the importance of a well-defined theory of normal brain functioning for satisfactory practice in clinical neuropsychology.