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Appendix 2
Appendix Odds 1':; K 1:8 ;:; ::: z 3:5 t-z 5:o 6.0 7.0 E 1o:o 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0
2:
-t Log Odds
Odds
0.000 0.182 0.336 0.470 0.588 0.693 0.788 0.875 0.956 1.030 1.099 1.253 1.386 1.504 1.609 1.792 1.946 2.079 2.197 2.303 2.485 2.639 2.773 2.890 2.996
1.000 0.833 0.714 0.625 0.556 0.500 0.455 0.417 0.385 0.357 0.333 0.286 0..250 0.222 0.200 0.167 0.413 0.125 0.111 0.100 0.083 0.071 0.063 0.056 0.050
If the log odds is positive, use the left column of odds, if negative, the right column. The first column is the exponential of the second: e.g. x2(0.693)=2, and the third column the negative exponential: e.g. x2(-0.693) =0.530. Further values can be calculated in this way, as necessary. In any table of values for the model, take any two to be compared (these must be either in the same row or in the same column), subtract the one from the other, and look up the resulting value in the middle column above. Thus, in Table 3.5, in the row for Moslems, we compare artisans with shopkeepers: 0.662-0.480=0.182. Moslems are shopkeepers rather than artisans 1.2 times the average for all religion/caste groups of the table. The different value of the same comparison when we apply this method in Table 3.4 results because we are comparing it to a different mean, that for all religion/caste groups of 100
Primary Education
in Bombay
101
that table. However, comparison of say Moslems and Christians in any column of Table 3.5 gives the same result as for the corresponding column of Table 3.4 because in both cases the mean is taken over the same social classes. Individual values in a table may also be looked up. Thus, in Table 3.4, the value for Brahmans in the lumpenproletariat is -1.349, which gives an odds of almost 0.25. This means that there are about one quarter as many Brahmans in this social class as there would be if the two variables were not associated.
2:
-t Log Odds
Odds
0.000 0.182 0.336 0.470 0.588 0.693 0.788 0.875 0.956 1.030 1.099 1.253 1.386 1.504 1.609 1.792 1.946 2.079 2.197 2.303 2.485 2.639 2.773 2.890 2.996
1.000 0.833 0.714 0.625 0.556 0.500 0.455 0.417 0.385 0.357 0.333 0.286 0..250 0.222 0.200 0.167 0.413 0.125 0.111 0.100 0.083 0.071 0.063 0.056 0.050
If the log odds is positive, use the left column of odds, if negative, the right column. The first column is the exponential of the second: e.g. x2(0.693)=2, and the third column the negative exponential: e.g. x2(-0.693) =0.530. Further values can be calculated in this way, as necessary. In any table of values for the model, take any two to be compared (these must be either in the same row or in the same column), subtract the one from the other, and look up the resulting value in the middle column above. Thus, in Table 3.5, in the row for Moslems, we compare artisans with shopkeepers: 0.662-0.480=0.182. Moslems are shopkeepers rather than artisans 1.2 times the average for all religion/caste groups of the table. The different value of the same comparison when we apply this method in Table 3.4 results because we are comparing it to a different mean, that for all religion/caste groups of 100
Primary Education
in Bombay
101
that table. However, comparison of say Moslems and Christians in any column of Table 3.5 gives the same result as for the corresponding column of Table 3.4 because in both cases the mean is taken over the same social classes. Individual values in a table may also be looked up. Thus, in Table 3.4, the value for Brahmans in the lumpenproletariat is -1.349, which gives an odds of almost 0.25. This means that there are about one quarter as many Brahmans in this social class as there would be if the two variables were not associated.