Biological oceanography

Biological oceanography

OLR(1980)27(7) E. Biological Oceanography SeewettAmt., 98:122 pp. Deutscher Wetterdienst, Seewetteramt, Hamburg, F.R.G. 18. Miscellaneous 80:3336 S...

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OLR(1980)27(7)

E. Biological Oceanography

SeewettAmt., 98:122 pp. Deutscher Wetterdienst, Seewetteramt, Hamburg, F.R.G.

18. Miscellaneous 80:3336 Schlatter, T. W., 1979. NCAR's [National Center for Atmospheric Research, U.S.] role in the

Global W e a t h e r Technol., 11: 11-13.

481 Experiment.

Atmos.

The broad spectrum of computing services {including, e.g., a specialized graphics terminal) required by NCAR's Large-Scale Dynamics Section for analyses, evaluations of new observing systems, impact tests and model performance assessments is generally discussed. NCAR, Boulder, Colo., U.S.A. (smf)

E. BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

1. Apparatus and methods 80:3337 Boghen, A. D. and J. D. Castell, 1979. A recirculating system for small-scale experimental work on juvenile lobsters (Homarus americanus). Aquaculture, 18(4): 383-387. Water is recirculated through filters to juvenile lobsters housed in trays and separated from each other by movable dividers. Fluctuation in water quality was minimal. The system is compact, inexpensive ($1500 in C a n a d a ) , r e l a t i v e l y maintenance-free, and well suited to small-scale research with freshwater and marine animals. Department of Biology, University of Moncton, Moncton, N.B. EIA 3E9, Canada. (mjj) 80:3338 Conferees, 1977/79. Aerial surveys of fauna populations. (Proceedings of a workshop held at Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, 22-25 February 1977.) Spec. Publ. Aust. natn. Parks Wildl. Serv., 1:126 pp.; 11 papers. The considerable progress in aerial surveying over the past two decades is discussed in 11 papers which cover mathematical and theoretical principles, sampling techniques, census design, interpretation of results, Landsat data, and the management applicability of collected information. A report on aerial surveys of dugongs is included. (izs)

80:3339 Watkins, W. A., 1979. A projectile point for penetrating whale blubber [with a radio tag]. Deep-Sea Res., 26(11A): 1301-1308. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, U.S.A.

2. Invertebrates (systematics, life cycles, anatomy, physiology, etc.) 80:3340 Abele, L. G., 1979. A reevaluation of Sesarma barbimanum Cano, 1889 and S. crassipes Cano, 1889 (Crustaeea: Decapoda: Grapsidae). Proc. biol. Soe. Wash., 92(1): 176-183. Systematic status of 2 braehyuran crab species described by Cano in 1889 is examined. S. barbimana, type-locality Payta, Peru, is considered a mislabeled specimen of Nanosesarma minutum (De Man, 1887), a wide-ranging Indo-West Pacific species. S. crassipes, type-locality Pernambuco, Brazil, is considered valid; a male from the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica is described. Includes 6 drawings. Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Fla. 32306, U.S.A. 80:3341 Arai, M. N. and J. R. Jacobs, 1980. Interspecific predation of common Strait of Georgia

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E. Biological Oceanography

planktonic coelenterates: laboratory evidence. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci., 37(1): 120123. Among the common pelagic coelenterates of Departure Bay, B.C., Stomotoca atra, Eutonina indicans, Aequorea victoria, and Aurelia aurita show predation on other species under laboratory conditions. Selectivity is demonstrated in the diets of each of these predators. Department of Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta T2N 1N4, Canada.

80:3342 Birch, M. C., L. Cheng and J. E. Treherne, 1979. D i s t r i b u t i o n and e n v i r o n m e n t a l synchronization of the marine insect, Halobates robustus, in the Galapagos Islands. Proc, R. Soc., Lond., (B)206(1162): 33-52.

Halobates species (Heteroptera: Gerridae) are the only insects found in the open ocean, and are confined to the sea-air interface. The distribution of H. robustus was mapped in three habitats. Aggregations of insects were able to maintain a floating station in relation to the surrounding environment throughout the tidal cycle. The frequency of encounters between individuals was greatest post-dawn and pre-dusk. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, Calif. 92093, U.S.A. (mjj)

80:3343 Bulnheim, H.-P., 1979. Comparative studies on the physiological ecology of five euryhaline Gammarus species. Oecologia, 44(1): 80-86. Considerable interspecific differences were found among the five amphipod species in relation to their: (1) 02 consumption as related to temperature, (2) rate of acclimation to temperature changes, (3) resistance to 02 deficiency, and (4) resistance to aerial exposure. These findings are discussed in relation to the environmental requirements of the species. Biologische Anstalt Helgoland (Zentrale), Palmaille 9, D-2000 Hamburg 50, F.R.G. (mjj)

80:3344 Cau, Angelo, A. M. Deiana and Marco Mura, 1978. Sulla frequenza e bionomia di Scyllarus pygmaeus (Bate) in acque neritiche sarde (Crustacea Malacostraca). [Frequency and bionomy of Scyllarus pygmaeus (Bate) in coastal waters of Sardinia; Crustacea Malacostraca.] Natura, Milano, 69(3/4): 118124. Includes 2 micrographs. Istituto di Zoologia e di A n a t o m i a C o m p a r a t a dell'Universita di Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardinia.

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80:3345 Child, C. A., 1979. Shallow-water Pycnogonida of the Isthmus of P a n a m a and the coasts of Middle America. Smithson. Contr. Zool., 293: 86 pp. Diagnostic keys and distribution records are presented for 64 species of Pycnogonida, including 17 previously undescribed species. Previous literature is reviewed and faunal affinities in the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea are defined. It appears that there are no endemic species on either coast of Middle America. Includes ca. 200 drawings and ca. 120 references. Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, U.S.A. (rlo)

80:3346 Christoffersen, M. L., 1979. Campagne de la Calypso au large des cotes atlantiques de l'Amerique du Sud (1961-1962). 36. Decapod Crustacea: Alpheoida. [Calypso campaign off the Atlantic coast of South America (196162). 36. Crustaeea, Decapoda, Alpheoida.] Annls Inst. oceanogr., Paris, (N.S.)55(Suppl.): 297-377. Twenty-nine species of the families Alpheidae, Ogyrididae, Hippolytidae and Processidae were collected, and provided with complete references. Four new species are described. Eight species are new to the Brazilian-Continental South American area. Includes species lists, ca. 200 drawings and ca. 150 references. Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Centro de Ciencias Exatas e da Natureza, Departamento de Biologia, 58000-Joao Pessoa-PB, Brasil. (mjj)

80:3347 Cutler, E. B. and N. J. Cutler, 1979. Campagnes de la Calypso au large des cotes atlantiques africaines (1956 et 1959) et sud-americaines (1960-1961). 23. Sipuncula. [Calypso campaigns off the Atlantic coast of Africa (1956, 1959) and South America (1960-61). 23. Sipuncula.] Annls Inst. oceanogr., Paris, (N.S.)55(Suppl.): 103-109. Fifteen species of Sipuncula are reported from three cruises in the shelf waters of the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Two species are recorded for the first time since their original description (Aspidosiphon gerouldi and A. trinidensis) and two for the second time (Phascolion coUare and P. hedraeum). Six additions to the known fauna of the Brazil-Uruguay shelf are made and three to the Cape Verde region. Utica College, Utica, N.Y. 13502, U.S.A.

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E. Biological Oceanography

80:3348 De Saint Laurent, M. and P. Le Loeuff, 1979. Campagnes de la Calypso au large des cotes atlantiques africaines. (1956 et 1959). 22. Crustaces Decapodes Thalassinidea. I. Upogebiidae et Callianassidae. [Calypso campaigns off the Atlantic coast of Africa (1956, 1959). 22. Crustacea, Decapoda, Thalassinidea. I. U p o g e b i i d a e and Callianassidae.] Annls. Inst. oceanogr., Paris, (N.S.)55(Suppl.): 29-101. A systematic revision of Upogebiidae and Callianassidae of the west African coasts is presented. Included are descriptions of several new species (Upogebia demani, Callianassa convexa, Callichirus tenuimanus, C. intesi, C.monodi spp. nov., ParacaUiax bollorei de Saint Laurent, 1979), diagnosis and identification keys of all genera and species from the area; s y s t e m a t i c s and geographical distribution of the two families are considered. Includes a species list, ca. 170 drawings, 3 photos and ca. 90 references. Laboratoire de Zoologic (Arthropodes), Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, 61, rue de Buffon, F75005 Paris, France. 80:3349 Forest, Jacques, ed., 1979. Resultats scientifiques des campagnes de la Calypso. XI. [Scientific results of the Calypso campaigns. XI.] Annls Inst. oceanogr., Paris, (N.S.)55(Suppl.): 377 pp.; 10 papers.

Scleractinians from the Mediterranean; sipunculids and thalassinidean decapod crustaceans from Africa's Atlantic coast; and Chondrichthyes, opisthobranch molluscs, isopod crustaceans, sipunculids, polychaetes, bryozoans, and alpheoid decapod crustaceans from South America's Atlantic coast are covered in this 10-paper collation of Calypso expeditions spanning the years 1955-1964. Includes tables of contents for Calypso campaigns I-XI (1954-1979). Museum national d'Histoire naturelle et Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, 61 rue de Buffon F 75005 Paris, France. (izs) 80:3350 Ito, Tatsunori, 1979. A new species of marine harpacticoid copepod of the genus Zausodes from the Bonin Islands [Zausodes biarticulatus n.sp.]. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ., (Ser. 6, Zool.)21(4): 373-382. Includes 27 drawings. Zoological Institute, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan. 80:3351 Jones, D. A., 1979. Cirolana microphthalma Hock, 1882 (Isopoda, Cirolanidae) from the

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North Sea. Crustaceana, 37(3): 318-320. Includes 5 drawings. Department of Marine Biology, Marine Science Laboratories, Menai Bridge, Gwynedd, N. Wales, U.K.

80:3352 Khromov, N. S. and E. V. Vladimirskaia, 1979. On s o m e f e a t u r e s of the d i s t r i b u t i o n of Calanoides carinatus (Kroyer) near the western coasts of Africa. (In Russian.) Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 246(5): 1275-1277. 80:3353 Khusid, T. A., 1979. Benthonic foraminifers of the Peruvian-Chilean Trench. (In Russian; English abstract.) Okeanologiia, 19(5): 890894. The benthonic foraminiferal fauna is characterized by a predominance of Sorosphaera abyssorum and by a low biomass. Two endemic species were found in the trench. The composition of living and dead foraminifers is alike, yet there are some differences connected with a different rate of decay of the tests in different species. 80:3354 Lazarus, B. I. and D. Dowler, 1979. Pelagic Tunicata off the w e s t and south-west coasts of South Africa, 1964-1965. Fish. Bull., Cape Town, 12: 93-119. Twenty-six appendicularians and twenty-three thaliaceans were collected during quarterly sampling cruises from January 1964 to October 1965. Seven dominant species were identified, and their distribution patterns were correlated with oceanographic conditions and water mass movements. Includes a species list. (rlo) 80:3355 Makarov, R. R., 1979. Size composition and conditions of existence of Euphausia superba Dana (Crustacea, Euphausiacea) in the eastern part of the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. (In Russian; English abstract.) Okeanologiia, 19(5): 878-884. Within the study area (Peter the First Island to the South Shetland Islands) young euphausiids inhabited nearshore shelf-water; smaller mature specimens associated with Bellingshaussen and Weddell sea waters; larger mature specimens existed along the northern periphery of the study area where conditions favored more rapid growth and maturation; and, in the vicinity of shore ice, specimens larger than young euphausiids but less mature than other groups occurred. (smf)

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E. Biological Oceanography

80:3356 McLusky, D. S., 1979. Some effects of salinity and temperature on the osmotic and ionic regulation of Praunus flexuosus (Crustacea, Mysidacea) from Isefjord. Ophelia, 18(2): 191-203. Department of Biology, University of Stirling, Stifling, Scotland. 80:3357 Naumenko, E. A., 1979. Life cycles of some Copepoda from the south-eastern area of the Bering Sea. (In Russian; English abstract.) GidrobioI. Zh., 15(5): 25-27. 80:3358 O'Brien, F. I. and N. J. Rock, 1978. An interpretation of the Chaetognatha in Galway Bay during October 1973 using multivariate techniques. Proc. R. It. Acad., (B)78(14): 213232. It was possible to show a delineation of areas by plotting principal component values on a map. Three areas were delineated: a 'neritic' area where Sagitta setosa was dominant; an area of 'ocean origin' where Sagitta tasmanica and Sagitta elegans were the dominant chaetognaths; and an area in between, where species from the other two areas were mixed. When canonical variables were plotted similarly to the principal components, these three areas could also be detected. 28B, Lower O'Connell Street, Kinsale, Co. Cork, Ireland. 80:3359 Parise, Agostino, 1978. Population dynamics and food supply in a copepod of the genus Tisbe. Boll. Zool., 45(4): 375-381. Equations are given for the net reproduction rate, mean generation time, and intrinsic growth rate as a function of food supply. Reproduction is greatly affected by small variations in food quantity in the low, but not high, supply range. A new equation for the predator, in a predator-prey system, is proposed. Instituto di Biologia animale, Universita di Padova, Padova, Italy. (mjj)

Centre, National Institute Cochin-682 018, India. (rlo)

OLR(1980)27(7) of Oceanography,

80:3361 Poore, G. C. B. and D. J. G. Griffin, 1979. The Thalassinidea (Crustacea: Decapoda) of Australia. Rec. Aust. Mus., 32(6): 217-321. Includes a taxonomic index, ca. 200 drawings and ca. 100 references. Marine Studies Group, Ministry for Conservation, Melbourne, Australia. 80:3362 Ravindranath, K., 1979. A new species of M a c r o b r a c h i u m ( D e c a p o d a , Caridea, Palaemonidae) from India [Macrobrachium johnsoni n.sp.]. Crustaceana, 37(2): 184-190. Includes 7 drawings. Department of Zoology, Nagarjuna University, Nagarjunanagar P.O., Guntur 522510, India. 80:3363 Rice, A. L., 1979. A plea for improved standards in descriptions of crab zoeae. Crustaceana, 37(2): 214-218. Minimum standards for crab larvae descriptions are suggested if such work is to have lasting value. Shortcomings in recent brachyuran larval literature (which include inconsistencies between text and illustrations, inadequate detail, and wasteful descriptive redundancies) could be avoided by illustrations of essential morphological features and tabular descriptions of quantitative characters. Institute of Oceanographic Sciences, Wormley, Godalming, Surrey, Great Britain. (smf) 80:3364 Roper, D. S., 1979. Distribution of the spider crab, Leptomithrax longipes, and evidence of bacterially induced feminisation. N.Z. Jl mar. Freshwat. Res., 13(2): 303-307.

Developmental

The distribution of L. longipes on the continental shelf east of the Otago Peninsula appears to be affected by females migrating into deeper water at the edge of the shelf. The presence of immature crabs inshore suggests the existence of an onshore current. Nine sexually indeterminate individuals were examined; their combination of male and female characters indicated that they were males undergoing a process of feminisation. Tissue and blood smears contained a bacterium which was possibly causing this feminisation. Includes 3 gonad micrographs. Portobello Marine Laboratory, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

described and figured. Major generic characteristics of the larvae, and the wide distribution of these species in the northern Indian Ocean are discussed. Includes ca. 75 drawings. Regional

80:3365 Rosenfeld, Amnon, 1979. Seasonal distributions of recent ostracodes from Kiel Bay, western Baltic Sea. Meyniana, 31: 59-82.

80:3360 Paulinose, V. T., 1979. Decapod Crustacea from the International Indian Ocean Expedition (larval and p o s t - l a r v a l stages of Parapenaeus Smith (Penaeinae)). J. nat. Hist., 13(5): 599-618. stages of Parapenaeus investigatoris, P. longipes and P. fissurus are

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E. Biological Oceanography

Numerous surface sediment samples were collected at two-week intervals between December 1973 and March 1975 at 7 stations with depth ranges of 6-23.5 meters; environmental parameters were simultaneously quantified. Population densities showed major seasonal changes which were primarily attributable to variations in the food supply. The timing of abundance maxima with respect to food supply maxima was dependent upon the length of a species' life cycle. Geological Survey of Israel, Paleontology Division, 30, Malkhei Israel Str., Jerusalem 95501, Israel. (rlo) 80:3366 Schembri, P. J., 1979. Oxygen consumption and the respiratory responses to declining oxygen tension in the crab Ebalia tuberosa (Pennant) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Leucosiidae). J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 41(2): 133-142. University Marine Biological Station, Millport, Isle of Cumbrae, Scotland KA28 0EG. 80:3367 Schultz, G. A., 1979. Two new species of isopod crustaceans [Desmosoma anversense n.sp., Ischnomesus antarcticus n.sp.] in families new to Antarctica (Desmosomatidae and Ischnomesidae). Crustaceana, 37(2): 133-140. Includes 26 drawings. 15 Smith St., Hampton, N.J. 08827, U.S.A. 80:3368 Setty, M. G. A. P., Rajiv Nigam and N. V. Ambre, 1979. Graphic pattern of foraminiferal dominance in nearshore regions of the central west coast of India. Mahasagar, 12(3): 195-199. The dominant genera in the inner neritic zone (055 m depth) are: Ammonia, Elphidium, Trochammina, Bulimina, Bolivina, Nonion, Nonionella and Florilus. The fauna is rich in numbers and diversity. An anomalous living/dead foraminiferal test ratio is identified. National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004, Goa, India. (izs) 80:3369 Strong, K. W. and G. R. Daborn, 1979. Growth and energy utilisation of the intertidal isopod Idotea baltica (Pallas) (Crustacea: Isopoda). J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 41(2): 101123. Includes ca. 50 references. Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

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80:3370 Tirmizi, N. M. and F. A. Siddiqui, 1979. Range extension of Paguristes perspicax Nobili 1906 (Decapoda, Diogenidae) into the northern Arabian Sea. Crustaceana, 37(3): 277-286. Ca. 25 drawings. Invertebrate Reference Museum, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan. 80:3371 Zaninetti, Louisette, 1979. L'etude des foraminiferes des mangroves actuelles: reflexion sur les objectifs et sur l'etat des connaissances.[State of knowledge and objectives of the study of recent mangrove Foraminifera.] Archs Sci., Geneve, 32(2): 151-161. Includes a species list. Laboratoire de Paleontologie de l'Universite de Geneve, 13, rue des Maraichers, 1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland. 80:3372 Zaninetti, Louisette and Demir Altiner, 1979. La famille des Archaediscidae (foraminiferes): analyse taxonomique et propositions pour une nouvelle subdivision. [The f a m i l y of Archaediscidae (Foraminifera): taxonomic analysis and propositions for a new subdivision.] Archs Sci., Geneve, 32(2): 163-175. Includes 12 drawings. Laboratoire de Paleontologie, Universite de Geneve 13, rue des Maraichers, 1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland.

3. Algae (systematics, life cycles, morphology, physiology, etc.) 80:3373 Bagnis, Raymond, J.-M. Hurtel, Yasuwo Fukuyo, Akio Inoue and Takeshi Yasumoto, 1979. Quelques a s p e c t s m o r p h o l o g i q u e s et biologiques du dinoflagelle responsable probable de la ciguatera. [Some morphological and biological aspects of the dinoflagellate responsible for ciguatera: Gambierdiscus toxicus.] C. r. hebd. Seanc. Acad. Sci., Paris, (D)289(8): 639-642. Institut de Recherches mediacales Louis-Malarde, B.P.N. 30, Papeete, Tahiti, Polynesie France. 80:3374 Bujak, J. P., 1979. Proposed phylogeny of the dinoflagellates Rhombodinium and Gochtodinium. Micropaleontology, 25(3): 308324. Includes 32 micrographs, 6 drawings and stratigraphic tables. Atlantic Geoscience Centre Geological Survey of Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada.

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E. Biological Oceanography

OLR(1980)27(7)

5. Plankton (zooplankton, phytoplankton, nannoplankton, primary productivity, seston and detritus)

on internal nutrient concentrations. Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Manhattan College, Bronx, N.Y. 10471, U.S.A. (mjj)

80:3375 Alasaarela, Erkki, 1979. Phytoplankton and environmental conditions in central and coastal areas of the Bothnian Bay. Annls bot. Fenn., 16(3): 241-274.

80:3378 Engqvist, Anders and Stig Sjoberg, 1980. An analytical integration method of computing diurnal primary production from Steele's light response curve. Ecol. Model., 8: 219232.

Seasonal variations in phytoplankton production, biomass and species composition were monitored along with the chemical and physical parameters which control them in coastal and open water areas. The input of polluted river water produced noticeable effects in the coastal region. Spatial and temporal distributions of nitrate, phosphate and salinity were correlated with phytoplankton activity. Includes species lists and ca. 120 references. Pohjois-Suomen Vesitutkimustoimisto, Koskelantie 123, SF-90520 Oulu 52, Finland. (rio) 80:3376 Davies, A. G. and J. A. Sleep, 1979. Inhibition of carbon fixation as a function of zinc uptake in natural phytoplankton assemblages. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 59(4): 937-949. Growth rates of natural phytoplankton were governed by the cellular zinc c o n t e n t (Zn/chlorophyll a ratio) rather than directly by Zn concentrations in the water. Zinc/chlorophyll a ratios (and carbon fixation rates) approached maximal values at Zn concentrations in the water above 30 pg/L. Zinc concentrations in some coastal waters around the British Isles are high e n o u g h to i n h i b i t p h o t o s y n t h e s i s . Dual radioisotope labelling with I'C and 6~Zn was used in this study. The Laboratory, Marine Biological Association, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, England. (mj j) 80:3377 Di Toro, D. M., 1980. Applicability of cellular equilibrium and M o n o d t h e o r y to phytoplankton growth kinetics. Ecol. Model., 8: 201-218. Formulations in which growth rate depends on both internal and external nutrient concentrations give results equivalent to those of the Monod theory, which depends only on external concentrations. However, the former predicts high variation in cellular nutrient composition, whereas the Monod theory assumes constant stoichiometry. The assumption that cells are in internal-external nutrient equilibrium even during non-steady state transitions simplifies computation, and appears reasonable for phytoplankton kinetics that depend

The exact time integrals of both Steele's original function and its depth integrated version are presented, as well as an efficient algorithm which gives high accuracy with little computational work. Diurnal constancy for a few parameters, and a sinusoidal diurnal variation in light, are assumed. Research Group for Aquatic System Analysis, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, S-113 86 Stockholm, Sweden. (mjj) 80:3379 Gieskes, W. W. C., G. W. Kraay and M. A. Baars, 1979. Current I4C methods for measuring primary production: gross underestimates in oceanic waters. Neth. J. Sea Res., 13(1): 58-78. Rates of primary production in the open ocean were 5 to 15 times higher than rates based on '4C uptake in bottles smaller than 4 L. Phytoplankton had generation times of hours, not days, and heterotrophic activity (dark 14C fixation) was high. Abnormally high rates of photochemical pigment destruction and bleaching of chlorophyll occurred in bottles smaller than 4 L, especially near the surface, which presumably caused the underestimation of primary production. Thus, concepts of carbon cycling in the open ocean have been based on serious underestimates of primary production. Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands. (mjj) 80:3380 Holliday, D. V. and R. E. Pieper, 1980. Volume scattering strengths and zooplankton distributions at acoustic frequencies between 0.5 and 3 MHz. J. acoust. Soc. Am., 67(1): 135-146. Measurements of ultra-high-frequency acoustic volume scattering strengths in California current waters revealed a complex structure of thin scattering layers in the upper 100 m; these profiles are illustrated along with size distributions of zooplankton collected at the same time and depth. Within the uncertainties in the biological measurements and the assumed physical properties of the animals collected, the principal features of the acoustic profiles can be explained by the

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E. Biological Oceanography

zooplankton distributions. Tracor, Inc., 3420 Kenyon Street, Suite 209, San Diego, Calif. 92110, U.S.A.

80:3381 Kondrat'eva, T. M., 1979. Primary production in the tropical Atlantic and its diurnal changes. (In Russian; English abstract.) Okeanologiia, 19(5): 869-877. Production ranged from 100 to 1000 mg C • m ~ per day in the Canary Current area, and was most variable in neritic regions of the south-western African coast (43 to 17,873 mg C . m 2 per day). Highest values were in the near-mouth areas of rivers. Production was highest in the evening and lowest before dawn. (mjj)

80:3382 Qasim, S. Z., 1979. Occurrence of Trichodesmium phenomenon in the Strait of Malacca. Mahasagar, 12(3): 191-193. A decaying bloom of Trichodesmium was recorded in the Strait of M a l a c c a on 18 April, 1979, visible from about 50 kilometers and largely confined to the surface. Floating oil slicks and tar lumps were also seen in the Strait along the shipping route. National Institute of Oceanography, Dona P a u l a 403 004, Goa, India.

80:3383 Smith, A, E. and Ian Morris, 1980. Synthesis of lipid during photosynthesis by phytoplankton of the Southern Ocean. Science, 207(4427): 197-199. Under conditions of low t e m p e r a t u r e ( - 0 . 2 ° to - 1 . 8 ° C ) and low light intensities, p h y t o p l a n k t o n incorporated as much as 80% of the fixed carbon (measured using z4C bicarbonate) into lipid, whereas less than 20% was incorporated into lipid at higher t e m p e r a t u r e s (+0.3 ° to +0.8°C) and light intensities. Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, Division of Northeastern Research Foundation, McKown Point, West Boothbay Harbor, Maine 04575, U.S.A. (mjj)

80:3384 Sorokin, Iu. I. 1979. ' R e d tide' in the zone of Peruvian Upwelling. (In Russian.) Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 249(1): 253-256. 80:3385 Tijssen, S. B., 1979. Diurnal oxygen rhythm and primary production in the mixed layer of the Atlantic Ocean at 20°N. Neth. J. Sea Res., 13(1): 79-84. Diurnal 02 changes of less than 0.6% of the ambient 02 concentration were measured using a high

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precision Winkler titration method. Gross primary p r o d u c t i v i t y was e s t i m a t e d to be 800 mg C . m 2 d 1. Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands. (mjj)

80:3386 Traganza, E. D., J. W. Swinnerton and C. H. Cheek, 1979. Methane supersaturation and ATP-zooplankton blooms in near-surface waters of the western Mediterranean and the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean. DeepSea Res., 26(11A): 1237-1245. Near-surface waters at one station in the western Mediterranean and at one station off the coast of North Africa were highly supersaturated with methane. High concentrations of zooplankton encountered at the same locations offer biological evidence that the production of excess methane in the water column may be associated with the pelagic food chain. A possible cause may be the presence of methane bacteria in the digestive tracts of the herbivorous zooplankton. D e p a r t m e n t of Oceanography, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, Calif. 93940, U.S.A.

80:3387 Treguer, Paul, Pierre Le Corre and J. R. Grall, 1979. The seasonal variations of nutrients in the upper waters of the Bay of Biscay region and their relation to phytoplankton growth. Deep-Sea Res., 26(10A): 1121-1152. Transition and southern waters were detected in the upper 500 m during four cruises from 1972 to 1976. The Bay of Biscay is characterized by a homogeneous water mass, relatively rich in nutrients, with numerous gyres and slow horizontal movements. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon uptake during a p h y t o p | a n k t o n bloom have been calculated and related to the chlorophyll distribution; N / P uptake ratios were close to Redfield's values but a lack of silicon appeared after the first phase of phytoplankton growth. Winds are important in the renewal of nutrients in the upper waters; an interpretation of the seasonal cycle of nutrients in superficial and subsuperficial water masses is proposed. Laboratoire d'Oceanographie Chimique, Universite de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 avenue le Gorgeu, 29283 Brest, Cedex, France. 80:3388 Volkov, A. F., 1978. Distribution and biomass for some macroplankton groups in the Pacific tropical zone. (In Russian.) Izv. tikhookean.

nauchno-issled. Inst. ryb. Khoz. Okeanogr. (TINRO), 102: 32-35.

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E. Biological Oceanography

6. Microbiology (bacteria, fungi, etc.) 80:3389 Anderson, I. C., M a r t h a Rhodes and Howard Kator, 1979. S u b l e t h a l s t r e s s in Escherichia coli: a function of salinity. Appl. environ. Microbiol., 38(6): 1147-1152. Sublethal stress in starved E. coli (measured with an electrochemical induction technique and a ~galactosidase assay) was detected in various media after in-vitro exposure to seawater of various salinities. The higher the salinity the greater was the stress; lag times and growth rates were not affected. These observations are discussed with respect to coliform enumeration methods. Kator: D e p a r t m e n t of Microbiology/Pathology, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, Va. 23062, U.S.A. (m j j) 80:3390 Ansbaek, J. and T. H. Blackburn, 1980. A method for the analysis of acetate turnover in a coastal marine sediment. Microb. Ecol., 5(4): 253-264.

OLR(1980)27(7)

Thirty percent of the 103 types of yeast isolated from three estuaries were able to degrade diesel oil. Yeast densities ranged from 100 to 1600 cells/L. Includes a species list. Centre of Post-graduate Instruction and Research University of Bombay, Panaji 403 001, Goa, India. (mjj)

80:3393 De Souza, N. A. and Joe D'Souza, 1979. Studies on estuarine yeasts. IV. Peetinolytic yeasts in m a n g r o v e s . Mahasagar, 12(3): 163-168. From the mangroves of three Goa estuaries, 112 yeast isolates were obtained; of these, 96 were found to have pectinolytic properties. Filamentous forms were predominant. Total yeast population is discussed in relation to total organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Includes a species list. Centre of Post-graduate Instruction & Research, University of Bombay, Panaji 403 001, Goa, India.

80:3394 Geesey, G. G. and R. Y. Morita, 1979. Capture of arginine at low concentrations by a marine psychrophilie bacterium. Appl. environ. Microbiol., 38(6): 1092-1097.

The disappearance of injected tracer concentrations of U-14C-acetate was measured at 2 em depth intervals in sediment (0 to 10 cm); porewater concentrations of acetate, propionate and b u t y r a t e were measured by gas chromatography. The rate constants for acetate turnover were highest at the sediment surface in the spring, b u t did not vary seasonally at 4 to 6 cm depth. Acetate turnover rates were 7.2 mmol m 2 day ~ in early spring and 19.6 mmol m 2 day ~ in late autumn, higher than expected based on carbon oxidation by sulfate. Institute of Ecology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C. Denmark. (mjj)

The marine bacterium Ant-300 took up arginine in the nanomolar to micromolar concentration range, in the absence of an exogenous energy source, with respiratory activity the main driving force. Uptake in nutrient-depleted (open ocean) water probably proceeds via high-affinity active transport, and in substrate-enriched water via chemotaxis (minimum concentration was 10 ~ to 10 6 M) and active transport with reduced substrate affinity. Morita: Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oreg. 97331, U.S.A. (mjj)

80:3391 Bayley, S. T., 1979. H a l o b a c t e r i a : a problem in biochemical evolution. (Review.) Trends biochem. Sci., 4(4): 223-225.

80:3395 Kopylov, A. I., 1979. On the chemical c o m p o s i tion and calorieity of infusoria. (In Russian; English abstract.) Okeanologiia, 19(5): 885889.

Halobacteria can grow in s a t u r a t e d brine due to high internal concentrations of KC1, and to polar, highly acidic proteins. The halobacteria appear phylogenetically distinct from most other presentday prokaryotes and eukaryotes (e.g., lack of DNA homology, distinctive lipids and rRNA sequences, etc.) and may represent a third class of cell. D e p a r t m e n t of Biology, M c M a s t e r University, Hamilton, Ontario, C a n a d a LSS 4K1. (mjj)

80:3392 Da Costa, Emilia and Joe D'Souza, 1979. Studies on estuarine yeasts. III. Hydrocarbon degraders. Mahasagar, 12(3): 155-161.

Carbon made up 48% of the dry weight or 8% of the wet weight of marine and freshwater infusoria, with an estimated caloricity of 0.9 c a l / m g wet weight. The N and H content was also measured. (mjj) 80:3396 Martin, Y. P. and M. A. Bianchi, 1980. Structure, diversity, and catabolic potentialities of aerobic heterotrophic bacterial populations associated with continuous cultures of natural marine phytoplankton. Microb. Ecol., 5(4): 265-279.

OLR(1980)27(7)

E. Biological Oceanography

Under oligotrophic conditions in a large-volume external tank, bacterial diversity was high (3.6 4) increased. Phytoplankton mortality was associated with an increase in EAI and a decrease in UAI and H (1.5 to 2). Includes 53 references. Fondation Oceanographique Ricard, Ile des Embiez, 83140 Six Fours les Plages, France. (mjj) 80:3397 Moiseev, E. V. and N. V. Mamaeva, 1979, Protozoa at the upper boundary of the hydrogensulfide zone of the Black Sea. (In Russian.) DokI. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 248(2): 506-508. 80:3398 Parkhomenko, A. V. and V. N. Egorov, 1979. Metabolism kinetics of ~6Rb and 137Cs in marine bacteria. (In Russian; English abstract. ) Gidrobiol. Zh., 15(5): 94-100. 80:3399 Potts, M. and B. A. Whitton, 1979. pH and Eh on Aldabra Atoll. II. Intertidal photosynthetic microbial communities showing zonation. Hydrobiologia, 67(2): 99-105. Changes in intertidal photosynthetic microbial communities during every 14-day tidal cycle are apparently a consequence of movement of water with low Eh values through the sediments at each spring tide. Along part of the lagoon shore, purple phototrophic bacteria color the sands pink just after spring tides: a series of small pools shows a marked horizontal zonation of communities for the rest of the 14-day tidal cycle. Department of Botany, University of Durham, Durham City, England. 80:3400 Sakata, Taizo and Daiichi Kakimoto, 1979. Effect of visible light on marine pigmented and non-pigmented bacteria. Bull. japan. Soc. scient. Fish., 45(10): p. 1347.

AIteromonas haloplanktis (non-pigmented) and Flavobacterium sp. (carotenoid pigments) were not killed by sunlight unless methylene blue was present, in which case A. haloplanktis was more sensitive. Chromobacterium sp. (violet pigment) was killed by sunlight even without an exogenous photosensitizer. Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890, ,Japan. (mjj)

489

7. Bottom fauna and flora (including attached coastal forms) 80:3401 Cabioch, Louis, 1979. Caracteres de la dissemblance entre peuplements en ecologie marine benthique: presentation d'une nouvelle metrique qualitative--la distance polaire. [Dissimilarity between samples in marine benthic ecology: the polar distance, a new qualitative dissimilarity function.] C.r. hebd. Seanc. Acad. Sci., Paris, (D)289(7): 583586. Station biologique, 29211 Roscoff, France. 80:3402 Ekdale, A. A., 1980. Graphoglyptid burrows in modern d e e p - s e a s e d i m e n t . Science, 207(4428): 304-306. First recoveries of long-predicted modern graphoglyptids (highly organized tunnel systems in meandering, radiating, or anastomosing arrays) are reported from the deep Atlantic and Pacific. Spiroraphe, Cosmoraphe and Paleodictyon burrows were observed at the surface of box cores of pelagic calcareous ooze. None of the responsible organisms, which appear to be infaunal, were found in the burrows which occur just beneath the sediment veneer of the deep sea floor. Includes 4 burrow photos. Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, U.S.A. (smf) 80:3403 Harrison, P. G., 1979. Reproductive strategies in intertidal populations of two co-occurring seagrasses (Zostera spp.) Can. J. Bot., 57(23): 2635-2638. The intertidal environment becomes less predictable toward the high tide mark, providing a test ground for r-K selection theory. Z. americana, an rstrategist of rapid growth and heavy flowering, appears in the mid- to upper-tidal reaches, whereas Z. marina, a K-strategist heavily utilizing its resources in root and rhizome production and maintenance, occupies the mid- to low-intertidal area; strategies for both species are consistent with the theory. Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1W5. (slr) 80:3404 Hoare, R. and M. E. Peattie, 1979. The sublittoral ecology of the Menai Strait. I. Temporal and spatial variation in the fauna and flora along a transect. Estuar. coast, mar. Sci., 9(6): 663-675.

490

E. Biological Oceanography

Menai Strait is a narrow channel subject to strong tidal currents but little wave action; major physical factors which control the nature and distribution of the fauna and flora are turbidity, scouring, current strength and substratum. F a u n a l distribution was studied by a transect survey across the channel and compared with a similar survey 20 years earlier; results suggest high biological stability despite some population fluctuations. Includes a species list. Division of Fisheries and Marine Science, University P e r t a n i a n Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 80:3405 Jones, D. A., 1979. The ecology of sandy beaches in Penang, Malaysia, with special reference to Excirolana orientalis (Dana). Estuar. coast, mar. Sci., 9(6): 677-682. The physical characteristics of a series of beaches of d i f f e r i n g e x p o s u r e were m e a s u r e d a n d macrofauna were collected quantitatively. The zonation of the fauna on the upper and mid-shore agrees with t h a t described for other tropical beaches, but the sudden transition to mud on the lower shore is exceptional. Excirolana orientalis has a wide distribution on the shore and its relationship with similar isopods is discussed. D e p a r t m e n t of Marine Biology, Marine Science Laboratories, Menai Bridge, Gwynedd, N. Wales. 80:3406 Kotmire, S. Y. and L. J. Bhosale, 1979. Some aspects of the chemical composition of mangroves, l e a v e s and s e d i m e n t s . Mahasagar, 12(3): 149-154. Two creeks about 3 km a p a r t on the west coast of India have different soil and water conditions with respect to pH and inorganic elements, and these differences are reflected in the species composition and plant mineral constituents. D e p a r t m e n t of Botany, Shivaji University, K o l h a p u r 416 004, India. (mjj)

80:3407 Kucheruk, N. V., 1979. Zoogeographical zonation of the abyssobcnthal. (In Russian; English abstract.) Mosk. Obshch. ispyt. Prir. Otd. biol., 84(5): 59-67. Three basic types of ranges of the deep-sea bottom invertebrates are recognized: a near-continental, an oceanic and a panthalassic. Zoogeographical demarcation should be carried out separately for animals with different types of ranges; it is opined that no single scheme of zoogeographical zonation of the abyssobenthal is possible.

OLR(1980)27(7)

80:3408 Lipschultz, Fredric, J. J. Cunningham and J. C. Stevenson, 1979. N i t r o g e n f i x a t i o n associated with four species of submerged angiosperms in the central Chesapeake Bay. Estuar. coast, mar. Sci., 9(6): 813-818.

Ruppia maritima had the highest N fixation rate on a dry weight basis [66 ng-at. N (g wt b) I1, but fixation per square meter of creek bottom was highest [16.3 ~g-at. N (m 2 h) 1] for Myriophyllum spicatum due to its greater biomass. These low rates may be a consequence of N availability in the water column or sediments. The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, U.S.A. (mjj) 80:3409 Mielke, Wolfgang, 1979. Interstitielle fauna von Galapagos. XXV. Longipediidae, Canuellidae Ectinosomatidae (Harpacticoida). Mikrofauna Meeresbodens, 77: 106 pp. Includes more than 100 drawings. Zoologisches Institut und Museum der Universitat Gottingen, Gottingen, F.R.G. 80:3410 Milovidova, N. Yu,, 1979. Quantitative characteristics of macrozoobenthos in the Black Sea (Karadag area). (In Russian; English abstract.) Gidrobiol. Zh., 15(5): 21-24. The present state of Black Sea zoobenthos is compared according to species composition, numbers and biomass with d a t a from the literature for 19381939 and 1956-1957, and with analogous d a t a from other parts of the Crimean coast. When compared to Zernov's (1913) scheme, the bottom biocenoses have essentially not changed for the last 40 years. 80:3411 Montaggioni, L. F., 1979. Environmental significance of rhodolites from the Mascarene Reef province, western Indian Ocean. Bull. Cent. Rech. Explor.-Prod. Elf-Aquitaine, 3(2): 713723. Along the high energy outer reef slopes massive rhodolites are numerous whereas in the low energy reef flats and backreef deposits branched nodules are predominant. Differences in the morphologies, constituent species and chemical compositions of the rhodolites are identified. These differences can serve as indicators of wave exposure. Includes micrographs. Laboratoire de Geologie, Universite Francaise de l'Ocean Indien, B.P. 5, 97490 SteClotilde, Ile de la Reunion, France. (rio)

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E. Biological Oceanography

80:3412 Morgan, G. R., 1980. Population dynamics and management of the western rock lobster fishery. Mar. Policy, 4(1): 52-60. The effectiveness of post-1963 m a n a g e m e n t decisions concerning A u s t r a l i a ' s s u b s t a n t i a l Panulirus eygnus fishery is evaluated. Related research aimed at establishing a d a t a base and identifying m a n a g e m e n t problems is also considered. The surplus yield model and the dynamic pool model are discussed in terms of m a x i m u m yield and the current fishing effort level. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P. O. Box 24885, Safat, Kuwait. (rlo) 80:3413 Pomeroy, W. M. and C. D. Levings, 1980. Association and feeding relationships between Eogammarus confervicolus (Amphipoda, G a m m a r i d a e ) and b e n t h i c a l g a e on Sturgeon and Roberts banks, Fraser River Estuary. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci., 37(1): 1-10. In studies conducted on jetties, marshes and sandflats, it was found t h a t the a m p h i p o d s were significantly associated with Prasiola meridionalis (alga) and debris from Carex lyngbyei (vascular plant). Laboratory growth rates and survival varied with food type; assimilation efficiencies ranged from 62 to 78~. Construction of additional jetties would increase the surface area for algal growth, but would not appreciably enhance primary production compared to the adjacent natural marshes and sandflats. D e p a r t m e n t of Fisheries and Oceans, West Vancouver Laboratory, West Vancouver, B.C. V7V 1N6, Canada. (mjj) 80:3414 Zezina, O. N., 1979. On the formation of the recent fauna of brachiopods on the shelves and slopes of the World Ocean. (In Russian; English abstract.) Mosk. Obshch. ispyt. Prir. Otd. biol., 84(5): 52-59. T h e d i s t r i b u t i o n centers of r e c e n t t r o p i c a l brachiopods are confined to the western shelves and slopes of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. Effects of l a t i t u d i n a l zoning and the formarion of subpolar oceanic gyres on modern derivatives are considered. (izs)

w h a l e s (Eubalaena 207(4431): 663-665.

491 australis).

Science,

Southern right whales approached the loudspeaker and vocalized frequently when recordings of t h a t species were played, but made fewer sounds and stayed away from the acoustic source when water noise or sounds of other species were played. This demonstrated a discrimination between conspecific sounds and other sounds in the wild. D e p a r t m e n t of Neurobiology and Behavior, State University of New York, Stony Brook, N.Y. 11794, U.S.A. (rio) 80:3416 Heinsohn, G. E., H. Marsh, B. R. Gardner, A. V. Spain and P. K. Anderson, 1977/79. Aerial surveys of dugongs. Spec. Publ. Aust. natn. Parks Wildl. Serv., 1: 85-96. Numbers, distribution, habitats, behavior and recruitment of this endangered herbivorous marine m a m m a l have been observed in Australian waters. Aerial survey methods and their limitations are described. D e p a r t m e n t of Zoology, J a m e s Cook University, North Queensland, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. (rio) 80:3417 McCosker, J. E. and M. D. Lagios, eds., 1979. The biology and p h y s i o l o g y of the living coelacanth. Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., 134: 175 pp.; 14 papers. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, Calif. 94118, U.S.A. 80:3418 Roff, D. A., 1980. A motion for the retirement of the yon Bertalanffy function. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci., 37(1): 127-129. Reasons for the continued use of the von Bertalanffy equation (used in statistical descriptions of fisheries data) are examined. It is suggested t h a t these reasons are insufficient to overcome the d r a w b a c k s of this function a n d a l t e r n a t i v e procedures are recommended. D e p a r t m e n t of Fisheries and Oceans, Fisheries and Marine Service, P. O. Box 5667, St. John's, Nfld. A1C 5X1, Canada.

11. Birds 10. Nekton (molluscs, fish and fisheries, reptiles and mammals) 80:3415 Clark, C. W. and J. M. Clark, 1980. Sound playback experiments with southern right

80:3419 Burger, Joanna and Fred Lesser, 1979. Breeding behavior and success in salt marsh common tern colonies [Barnegat Bay, New Jersey]. Bird-Banding, 50(4): 322-337. D e p a r t m e n t of Biology, Livingston College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N.J. 08903, U.S.A.

492

E. Biological Oceanography

80:3420 Schreiber, R. W., 1979. Reproductive perform a n c e of the e a s t e r n b r o w n p e l i c a n , P e l e c a n u s occidentalis. Contr. Sci., nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles, 317:43 pp.

Clutch size, hatching success and fledging success for brown pelicans nesting on Tarpon Key, Florida, from 1969 to 1976 are discussed. The study is primarily concerned with biases in field data and in data presentation, and concludes that Henny's (1972) theoretical recruitment standard should be abandoned 'in favor of productivity based on field data in a stable population,' probably on the order of a continuous 20-year study by the same investigators 'using precise methods and who are fully cognizant of the effects of human disturbance on measurement of reproductive success.' Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, Calif. 90007, U.S.A. (smf)

12. General biological and logical studies and surveys

OLR(1980)27(7)

80:3423 Kitchell, J. A., 1979. Deep-sea [epifaunal] traces from the central Arctic: an analysis of diversity. Deep-Sea Res, 26(10A): 1185-1198.

Diversity measures are highest on the abyssal plains, intermediate on the ridges and continental rise, and lowest on the Alpha Cordillera. Species dominance and diversity measures are inversely related. Arctic epifaunal trace diversity is significantly greater than reported world-wide burrow diversity. Contrasting with reported deepsea burrows, e p i f a u n a l t r a c e s are noncosmopolitan among seven analyzed provinces, suggestive of ecologic preferences. Physical homogeneity is correlated with increased diversity. Results suggest species interactions exert a greater influence on community structure than do observed gradients of heterogeneity, disturbance, productivity, or geologic age. Includes 88 bottom photos. Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. 53706, U.S.A.

eco-

80:3421 Fong, W. and K. H. Mann, 1980. Role of gut flora in the transfer of amino acids through a m a r i n e food chain. Can J. Fish. aquat. Sci., 37(1): 88-96.

The gut contents of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis include between 2 x 10~and 6 x 10~ bacteria/mL. Based on feeding experiments with ~4C-labelled glucose and cellulose, it appears that the gut flora aid in the digestion of cellulose, and synthesize essential amino acids which are available to the sea urchins, Microbial protein is of higher nutritive value than is the protein of the kelp (Laminaria longicruris) upon which the urchins feed. Department of Oceanography, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1W5, Canada. (mjj) 80:3422 Gard, T. C. and T. G. Hallam, 1979. P e r s i s t e n c e in food webs. I. L o t k a - V o l t e r r a food chains. Bull. mathl Biol., 41(6): 877-891.

The concept of a persistence or extinction function is introduced in a qualitative approach to ecosystem stability. As the technique, applicable in a general setting, 'ignores many important biological and physical features, the conclusions should be studied as biological hypotheses r e q u i r i n g c o r r o b o r a t i o n . ' D e p a r t m e n t of Mathematics, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga. 30602, U.S.A. (izs)

80:3424 Parsons, Nell and M. P. Thomas, 1979. N o t e s on the ecology of the Clwyd Estuary, north Wales. J. nat. Hist., 13(6): 725-734.

The long, narrow shape of the estuary formed by the 45-km-long river Clwyd appears to limit the diversity of benthic fauna. Comments are made on the five most abundant species: Macoma balthica,

Scrobicularia plana, Nereis diversicolor, Corophium volutator and Gammarus duebeni. University of Salford, Biology Department, Gardener Street Annexe, Salford M6 6WZ, Lancashire, England. (mjj)

80:3425 Venrick, E. L., 1979. The lateral extent and c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of the North Pacific central [biological] e n v i r o n m e n t at 35°N. Deep-Sea Res., 26(10A): 1153-1178.

Principal component analysis of physical and chemical data from a California-to-Japan section at 35°N identified 5 major environments: California Current, Eastern North Central Pacific, Western North Central Pacific, cold core stations, and Kuroshio. The reflection of this hydrographic heterogeneity in the biological realm was investigated as part of a study of the structure and dynamics of the epipelagic community in the central North Pacific (28°-30°N, 155°W). Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif. 92093, U.S.A. (izs)

OLR(1980)27(7)

E. Biological Oceanography

13. Biological effects of pollution, uptake and accumulation of elements, etc. 80:3426 Bokn, Tor, 1978/79. Use of benthic algae classes as indicators of eutrophication in estuarine and marine waters. (In Norwegian; English abstract.) Arbok norsk Inst. Vannforsk., 1978: 53-59. The proportions of red, brown and green benthic algae in unpolluted waters off Norway and Sweden are relatively constant (45±10%, 35+10%, 15±5%, respectively); however, the proportions vary greatly with increasing nutrient load, providing a possible index of eutrophication in fjord and coastal areas. Postboks 333, Blindern, Oslo 3, Norway. (slr) 80:3427 Buikema, A. L. Jr., B. R. Niederlehner and J. Cairns Jr., 1980. Toxicant effects on reproduction and disruption of the egglength relationship in grass shrimp. Bull. environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 24(1): 31-36. Grass shrimp are commonly used as test organisms in acute toxicity studies. For the case of sublethal toxicant stress, possible effects on the relationship between a female's length and her egg production are investigated. Other test parameters such as weight and days to spawning are also evaluated as indicators of toxicant stress. University Center for Environmental Studies, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Va. 24061, U.S.A. (rlo) 80:3428 Conner, W. G. and J. L. Simon, 1979. The effects of oyster shell dredging on an estuarine benthic community. Estuar. coast, mar. Sci., 9(6): 749-758. Two dredging sites and one control area were monitored quantitatively before and up to 12 months after dredging operations. The i m m e d i a t e effects of dredging included a 40% reduction in the numbers of species, a 65% reduction in macrofauna densities, and a 90% loss of invertebrate biomass. Within 12 months a near total recovery of the benthos was observed. The M I T R E Corporation, 1820 Dolley Madison Blvd., McLean, Va. 22102, U.S.A. (rio)

80:3429 Duinker, J. C., M. Th. J. Hillebrand and R. F. Nolting, 1979. Organochlorines and metals in harbour seals (Dutch Wadden Sea). Mar. Pollut. Bull., 10(12): 360-364.

493

M a x i m u m concentrations of PCB and members of the DDT family in liver, brains, kidney, spleen and heart and Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in brains of harbour seals found dead in the Dutch W a d d e n Sea are higher than those reported for specimens from the German W a d d e n Sea, where the population is considerably more stable. Results are also compared with d a t a from the east coast of England. Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, P.O.B. 59, den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands.

80:3430 Fimreite, Norvald, Nils Kveseth and E. M. Brevik, 1980. Mercury, DDE, and PCB's in eggs from a Norwegian gannet colony [Marus bassanus]. Bull. environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 24(1): 142-144. University of Tromso, 9000 Tromso, Norway. 80:3431 Hugues, B., M. A. Bougis, M. Plissier, M. Andre, D. Laurent and A. Pagliardini, 1979. Evaluation de la contamination virale marine apres rejet d'un effluent par un emissaire en mer. [Evaluation of the viral contamination of seawater after the emission of an effluent into the sea.] Zentbl. Bakt. ParasitKde, (B) 169(3/4) : 253-264. The virus concentration in the sea was not elevated near the estuary supplying effluent, but was constant within a 200 m alongshore zone. Laboratoire Municipal d'Hygiene et Regional d'Hydrologie de Nice, 8, rue de l'Hotel des Postes, F-06037 Nice Cedex, France. (mjj)

80:3432 Karydis, M., 1980. Uptake of hydrocarbons by the marine diatom Cyclotella cryptica. Microb. Ecol., 5(4):287-293. C. cryptica exposed to paraffins for 10 days accumulated n-alkanes having between 13 and 16 carbon atoms. The C16 level was twice as high in the accumulated fraction as in the original oil. Growth was not affected. M a r i n e Science Laboratories, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, Wales, U.K. (mjj) 80:3433 Linden, Olof, Ragnar Elmgren and Paul Boehm, 1979. The Tsesis oil spill: its impact on the coastal ecosystem of the Baltic S e a . Ambio, 8(6): 244-253. This study was an investigation of the full spectrum of effects of 1000 tons of m e d i u m grade fuel oil spilled by the Soviet tanker Tsesis in a sheltered Baltic Sea archipelago. Severe and acute biological damage occurred locally. Plankton communities recovered within one month. After one year the lit-

494

E. Biological Oceanography

toral ecosystems showed only moderate effects, but the soft bottom community had not even begun to recover. Swedish Water and Air Pollution Research Institute (IVL), Studsvik, S-611, 82 Nykoping, Sweden. (mjj) 80:3434 Magnusson, Jan, 1978/79. The development of pollution in the inner Oslo Fjord (S.E. Norway): monitoring of the oxygen conditions in the deep water of the fjord. (In Norwegian; English abstract.) Arbok norsk Inst. Vannforsk., 1978: 37-43. Oxygen profiles taken at a fjord station during October for the years 1933~1940,1962-1965 and 19731977 show that organic decomposition in deep waters and poor water exchange result in low oxygen or anoxic conditions. Decreasing oxygen concentrations are related to changing environmental conditions. Postboks 333, Blindern, Oslo 3, Norway. (rio) 80:3435 Oksama, Marjatta and Rolf Kristoffersson, 1979. The toxicity of phenol to Phoxinus phoxinus, Gammarus duebeni, and Mesidotea entomon in brackish water [Baltic Sea]. Annls zool. Fenn., 16(3): 209-216. Tvarminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, SF10850 Tvarminne and Department of Zoology, Division of Physiology, University of Helsinki, Arkadiankatu 7, SF-00100 Helsinki 10, Finland.

80:3436 Tan, T. L., 1980. Effect of long-term lead exposure on the seawater and sediment bacteria from heterogeneous continuous flow cultures. Microb. Ecol., 5(4): 295-311. S e a w a t e r b a c t e r i a in l e a d - c o n t a m i n a t e d chemostat cultures became adapted to lead pollution, but lost this tolerance if cultivated in a leadtYee medium. Sediment bacteria did not develop lead tolerance. Viable counts in lead-contaminated and control cultures did not differ significantly. D e p a r t m e n t of Bacteriology, I n s t i t u t fur Meeresforschung, 2850 Bremerhaven, F.R.G. (mjj) 80:3437 Tokuda, Hiroshi, 1979. Fundamental studies on the influence of oil pollution upon marine organisms. IV. The toxicity of mixtures of oil products and oil-spill emulsifiers to p h y t o p l a n k t o n . (In Japanese; English abstract.) Bull. japan. Soc. scient. Fish., 45(10): 1289-1291. Toxicity of mixtures of several oil products and oilspill emulsifiers to the growth of a marine diatom,

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Skeletonema costatum, was compared with that of individual oil products and oil-spill emulsifiers; toxicity of all the mixtures tested was far higher than that of individual oil-spill emulsifiers, but similar to or slightly higher than that of the corresponding individual oil products. Department of Fisheries, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

14. Cultures, rearing experiments and aquaculture 80:3438 Al-Attar, M. H. and H. Ikenoue, 1979. The production of juvenile shrimps (Penaeus semisulcatus) for release off the coast of Kuwait during 1975. Kuwait Bull. mar. Sci., 1:32 pp. Techniques for the production of P. semisulcatus were improved through the use of chemicals and antibiotics, incorporation of a high efficiency water exchange system, better feeding methods and the use of water agitators. Production for the past year was 20.6 million juveniles; total tank capacity was 1730 m 3. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Mariculture and Fisheries Department, Salmiya, Kuwait. (rlo) 80:3439 Golikov, A. N. and O. A. Scarlato, 1979. Influence of experimental aquaculture of mussels in the White Sea on the benthos of adjoining water areas. (In Russian; English abstract.) Biol. mor., Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1979(4): 68-73. It is shown, from studies prior to cultivation of mussels and ten years after, that experimental aquaculture of mussels stimulates development of life in surrounding bottom biocenoses. Biomass and total respiration of organisms in the culture area to a depth of 12 m have increased more than 45 times. In areas where no experiments on aquaculture were carried out, bioenergetic indices have essentially reduced during the same period of time. Monoculture of background-forming species forms an additional energy flow which can create conditions for cultivation of other species. Laboratory of Marine Investigations, Zoological Institute, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad 199164, U.S.S.R. 80:3440 Neuville, Dominique and Philippe Daste, 1979. La culture des diatomees marines: historique critique principes fondamentaux. [Fundamentals of culturing marine diatoms: a critical survey.] Annee biol., (Ser. 4)18(9/10): 447464.

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E. Biological Oceanography

The development of culture media, features of successful solutions in respect to fundamental components (major ions, vitamins, trace elements, etc.), physical factors affecting cultures, interrelationships of temperature and illumination, and difficulties with permanent diatom cultures are considered. Includes 71 references. Laboratoire de Biologie Ostreicole et Marine de l'Universite de Poitiers, 17480 Le Chateau-d'Oleron, France. (smf)

80:3441 Seip, K. L., 1980. A computational model for growth and harvesting of the marine alga Ascophyllum nodosum. Ecol. Model., 8: 189199. Harvesting strategies other than the ones currently used would give a higher long-term yield of algae, presently used as manure, animal fodder and raw material for seaweed meal and other industrial products. Central Institute for Industrial Research, Forskningsveien 1, Oslo 3, Norway. (mjj)

495

uptake rate; K=half-saturation value. Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, Canada. (mjj)

80:3444 Hsu, S. B. and S. P. Hubbell, 1979. Two predators competing for two prey species: an analysis of MacArthur's model. Mathl Biosci., 47(3/4): 143-171. Based on a rigorous analysis of the global behavior of MacArthur's (1972) model, this predator-prey system is more complex than previously thought. The system can catastrophically collapse to a onepredator, two-prey system, or even to a onepredator, one-prey system. Caution should be taken in interpreting any conclusions of species packing based solely on a graphical analysis of the model. Department of Applied Mathematics, College of Engineering, National Chia-Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan. (mjj)

80:3445 Sales, Bruce, 1979. The phylogeny of kingdoms. Speculations Sci. Technol., 2(5): 477-486.

16. M i s c e l l a n e o u s 80:3442 Hartley, Brian et al., 1980. Biotechnology back in the limelight. Nature, Lond., 283(5743): 122131; 9 papers. The dichotomy between biologists and industry over the biotechnology issue is addressed from several perspectives and some suggestions are offered on the maintaining of scientific integrity and autonomy in the face of growing corporate demands. The i n d u s t r i a l potential of biotechnology, programs existing in various countries, origins and safety aspects of biobusiness, and the patenting of new organisms are also considered in these 9 papers.(izs)

80:3443 Healey, F. P., 1980. Slope of the Monod equation as an indicator of advantage in nutrient competition. Microb. Ecol., 5(4): 281-286. In studies of algal competition for nutrients at low substrate concentrations, the ratio Rm/K, which is the slope of the Monod equation at low substrate concentrations, better reflects competitive positions than do K values alone. Rm=maximum

Whittaker's 1969 five kingdom taxonomic scheme and the procaryotic-eucaryotic dichotomy are being challenged by new biochemical and phylogenetic evidence which is lending support to the Endosymbiotic Theory of Evolution. This is not to say that the standard concepts are obsolete but rather that the supplemental data should be integrated with existing theories to yield a logical explanation for the origin and evolution of life. Primary kingdoms, the methanogen dilemma, and the possibility that two unique cellular life forms may have evolved from the protocell are considered. D e p a r t m e n t of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, Cook College, New Brunswick, N.J. 08903, U.S.A. (izs)

80:3446 Ulanowicz, R. E., 1979. Complexity, stability and self-organization in natural communities. Oecologia, 43(3): 295-298. The capacity for self-organization is considered the 'key dependent variable' in understanding the relationship between complexity and stability in natural communities. Combining self-organization with a redundant flow network could result in a 'unified framework for the description of the structure and function of ecosystems.' University of Maryland, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, Md. 20688, U.S.A. (izs)