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Closed loop value chain to achieve sustainable solution for tannery effluent
Journal of Cleaner Production 213 (2019) 845e846
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Journal of Cleaner Production journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jclepro
Short communication
Closed loop value chain to achieve sustainable solution for tannery effluent Sandeep Kumar Gupta a, *, Sanjeev Gupta b a
Department of Decision Sciences, Operations Management and Information System, School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Dadri, UP, India b Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), CSIR, Chennai, India
a r t i c l e i n f o
a b s t r a c t
Article history: Received 18 September 2018 Received in revised form 8 December 2018 Accepted 23 December 2018 Available online 28 December 2018
The challenge of bringing down the high total dissolved solids (TDS) in raw tannery effluent up-to or below discharge standards, and making it reusable should be dealt sustainably. Thus, in order to tackle this challenge, the authors, in this paper, discuss about a closed loop integrated system using the philosophy of a sustainable industrial ecosystem design. In the closed loop tertiary treatment technology, the Reverse Osmosis (RO) reject evaporates in the poly house evaporator, leaving behind a salt collection/ sediment bearing 14% moisture content, consisting primarily of 79 ppm phosphorus and 40% organic matter, which in turn is very useful for the compost. This approach of closed loop value chain is very unique and relevant in the present context for the leather industry. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Tannery effluent Total dissolved solids Reverse osmosis Sustainable Closed loop value chain
Tannery units face the challenge of managing total dissolved solids (TDS) in the raw effluent. Typically, indicative TDS of composite tannery waste water is 25000e30000 PPM for leather units processing finished leather from raw hide/skin; according to discharge standards (IS 2490 Part 1 of 1981), the tolerance limits for TDS in industrial effluent discharge into land surface waters, public sewers, and on land for irrigation is 2100 PPM. Conventionally, the effluent treatment plant installed at various tanneries was based on the concept of activated sludge used in MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor) system. The MBBR discharge passed through a fog evaporator in the final stages of a water disposal tank, but the fog evaporator had its limitations during the monsoon season and during cloudy days; hence, tanneries have considered alternate solutions for this environmental concern. Tanneries connected with Common effluent treatment plants (CETPs) along with a few individual units have thereby installed two-stage Reverse Osmosis (RO) based tertiary treatment technology to achieve Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD). The permeate available from the RO Plant was now at 75% with 25 ppm TDS; this permeate was further reused into tannery operations to convert raw tannery to finished leather product, as shown in Fig. 1.
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (S.K. Gupta). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.240 0959-6526/© 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
This way, tanneries saved the use of water, a vital natural resource of our planet. Additionally, the RO permeate has also been checked for potability, wherein the parameters proved that the RO permeate was indeed safe for human consumption. Further, the RO permeate, having a TDS level of 18,000 ppm to 20,000 ppm was fed to a completely enclosed poly house, where with the help of foggers was sprayed onto a suspended poly net, and then collected onto a poly-based carpet, spread on the ground to avoid any contact with the soil. In the process, the RO reject evaporates in the poly house evaporator, leaving the salt sediment bearing 14% moisture, consisting primarily of 79 ppm phosphorus and 40% organic matter, which in turn is very useful for compost. The tanneries or its associated units could then look to use this compost for tree planation, enhancing thereby the ‘green’ cover, a rich source for vegetable tannins. These vegetable tannins are non-hazardous chemicals, which in turn are useful for leather processing. Solar poly houses also may be used, producing a condensate of TDS 50 ppm, which may be recycled into the process. Additionally, an added advantage of the poly house is that during rainy seasons, rain water is harvested from the drainage line situated on top of the poly house.
846
S.K. Gupta, S. Gupta / Journal of Cleaner Production 213 (2019) 845e846
Permeate (25 ppm)
Tannery
Effluent (2500030000 ppm
RO treatment
Vegetable Tanning
Effluent (18000-20000 ppm
material
Tree
Salt (79 ppm Phosphorus and
Poly house
(compost) Fig. 1. Closed loop value chain for leather processing.
This technological shift not only assures achieving the goal of Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) tanning facility, but also helps in materializing the concepts of closed loop and integrated value
chain management, often considered a hallmark for sustainable industrial ecosystem design.
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Journal of Cleaner Production journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jclepro
Short communication
Closed loop value chain to achieve sustainable solution for tannery effluent Sandeep Kumar Gupta a, *, Sanjeev Gupta b a
Department of Decision Sciences, Operations Management and Information System, School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Dadri, UP, India b Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), CSIR, Chennai, India
a r t i c l e i n f o
a b s t r a c t
Article history: Received 18 September 2018 Received in revised form 8 December 2018 Accepted 23 December 2018 Available online 28 December 2018
The challenge of bringing down the high total dissolved solids (TDS) in raw tannery effluent up-to or below discharge standards, and making it reusable should be dealt sustainably. Thus, in order to tackle this challenge, the authors, in this paper, discuss about a closed loop integrated system using the philosophy of a sustainable industrial ecosystem design. In the closed loop tertiary treatment technology, the Reverse Osmosis (RO) reject evaporates in the poly house evaporator, leaving behind a salt collection/ sediment bearing 14% moisture content, consisting primarily of 79 ppm phosphorus and 40% organic matter, which in turn is very useful for the compost. This approach of closed loop value chain is very unique and relevant in the present context for the leather industry. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Tannery effluent Total dissolved solids Reverse osmosis Sustainable Closed loop value chain
Tannery units face the challenge of managing total dissolved solids (TDS) in the raw effluent. Typically, indicative TDS of composite tannery waste water is 25000e30000 PPM for leather units processing finished leather from raw hide/skin; according to discharge standards (IS 2490 Part 1 of 1981), the tolerance limits for TDS in industrial effluent discharge into land surface waters, public sewers, and on land for irrigation is 2100 PPM. Conventionally, the effluent treatment plant installed at various tanneries was based on the concept of activated sludge used in MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor) system. The MBBR discharge passed through a fog evaporator in the final stages of a water disposal tank, but the fog evaporator had its limitations during the monsoon season and during cloudy days; hence, tanneries have considered alternate solutions for this environmental concern. Tanneries connected with Common effluent treatment plants (CETPs) along with a few individual units have thereby installed two-stage Reverse Osmosis (RO) based tertiary treatment technology to achieve Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD). The permeate available from the RO Plant was now at 75% with 25 ppm TDS; this permeate was further reused into tannery operations to convert raw tannery to finished leather product, as shown in Fig. 1.
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (S.K. Gupta). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.240 0959-6526/© 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
This way, tanneries saved the use of water, a vital natural resource of our planet. Additionally, the RO permeate has also been checked for potability, wherein the parameters proved that the RO permeate was indeed safe for human consumption. Further, the RO permeate, having a TDS level of 18,000 ppm to 20,000 ppm was fed to a completely enclosed poly house, where with the help of foggers was sprayed onto a suspended poly net, and then collected onto a poly-based carpet, spread on the ground to avoid any contact with the soil. In the process, the RO reject evaporates in the poly house evaporator, leaving the salt sediment bearing 14% moisture, consisting primarily of 79 ppm phosphorus and 40% organic matter, which in turn is very useful for compost. The tanneries or its associated units could then look to use this compost for tree planation, enhancing thereby the ‘green’ cover, a rich source for vegetable tannins. These vegetable tannins are non-hazardous chemicals, which in turn are useful for leather processing. Solar poly houses also may be used, producing a condensate of TDS 50 ppm, which may be recycled into the process. Additionally, an added advantage of the poly house is that during rainy seasons, rain water is harvested from the drainage line situated on top of the poly house.
846
S.K. Gupta, S. Gupta / Journal of Cleaner Production 213 (2019) 845e846
Permeate (25 ppm)
Tannery
Effluent (2500030000 ppm
RO treatment
Vegetable Tanning
Effluent (18000-20000 ppm
material
Tree
Salt (79 ppm Phosphorus and
Poly house
(compost) Fig. 1. Closed loop value chain for leather processing.
This technological shift not only assures achieving the goal of Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) tanning facility, but also helps in materializing the concepts of closed loop and integrated value
chain management, often considered a hallmark for sustainable industrial ecosystem design.