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Effects assessment of oxytetracycline in the aquatic plant Lemna minor
S126
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 196S (2010) S37–S351
P108-039 Effects assessment of oxytetracycline in the aquatic plant Lemna minor 2 , A. Anadón 2 ˜ J. Pro 1 , M.R. Martínez-Larranaga 1
Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Spain, 2 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain Oxytetracycline (OTC) is a broad spectrum human and animal antibiotic produced from the actinomycete Streptomyces rimosus and used to control bacteria, fungi, and mycoplasma-like organisms. In the United States (U.S.), oxytetracycline hydrochloride is used in agriculture as pesticide to control fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) in apples and pears, and bacterial spot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni) in peaches and nectarines. In the last registration review (2008) for the use of Oxytetracycline hydrochloride as pesticide the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency remarks the lack of data about environmental effects on vascular and non vascular aquatic plants. Vascular plants form the basis of the food chain for aquatic habitats and significantly contribute to overall water quality, a solid understanding of the potential risks to aquatic plants is essential for sound environmental risk management decisionmaking. To obtain toxicity data of OTC, an assay on the aquatic plant Lemna minor was performed following recommendations by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This assay was performed under statics conditions and considered OTC concentrations that ranged from 0.01 to 100 mg/L. OTC concentrations were analyzed by Solid Phase Extraction followed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography at the beginning and at the end of the test (0 and 7 days). The endpoints measured were growth inhibition (ErCx) and yield (EyCx) based on three measurement variables: frond number, fresh and dry weight. The data obtained from this study could be used to reduce uncertainties associated with the current risk assessment for aquatic plants and could improve the understanding of the potential effects of oxytetracycline on aquatic plants. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.440
P108-040 Influence of Mg, Cr, Fe and Zn from food supplements on selected types of aquatic organisms J. Boˇsnir 1 , D. Puntaric´ 1 , Zˇ . Cvetkovic´ 1 , L. Baruˇsic´ 1 , L. Pollak 1
Public Health Institute “dr Andrija Sˇ tampar”, Croatia
Aim: Determine whether uncontrolled disposal of food supplements into the environment, which in its composition contain magnesium (Mg), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) can cause unwanted effects on selected species of aquatic organisms as indicators of potential toxic effects of such preparations on the environment. Methods: Aquatic organisms: the freshwater algae Scenedesmus subspicatus and Raphidocelis subcapitata, great water flea Daphnia maga and duckweed Lemna minor, were exposed to Mg, Cr, Fe and Zn from food supplements by standardized methods. A total of 30 samples were analyzed for each individual micronutrient. Results: The results are expressed as effective concentration 50 (EC50 ), i.e. the concentration of Mg, Cr, Fe and Zn (mg/L), which inhibits growth or immobilizes 50% of the treated organisms. EC50 metals significantly differ (p < 0.001) at all examined test organisms.
At Scenedesmus subspicatus the sequnece of EC50 is: Fe(median 46.9 mg/L) < Zn(59.8 mg/L) < Mg(73.0 mg/L) < Cr(88.1 mg/L)(kWh/3; 120/44.0963). At Raphidocelis subcapitata the sequnece of EC50 is: Fe(median 44.9 mg/L) < Zn(52.6 mg/L) < Mg(62.2 mg/L) < Cr(76.8 mg/L)(kWh/3; 120/44.0936). At Daphnia magna the sequence of EC50 is: Zn(median 59.4 mg/L) < Cr(79.2 mg/L) < Fe(80.8 mg/L) < Mg(82.0 mg/L)(kWh/3; 120/39.2637). At Lemna minor the sequence of EC50 is: Zn(median 131.0 mg/L) < Fe(186.8 mg/L) < Mg(192.5 mg/L) < Cr(240.4 mg/L)(kWh/3; 120/58.6567). Conclusion: Although micronutrients Mg, Cr, Fe and Zn often appear as components of food supplements and belong to the group of essential elements, their uncontrolled disposal into the environment shows harmful effects on aquatic organisms. The use and disposal of supplements should be legally regulated. Keywords: Food supplements; Mg; Cr; Fe; Zn; Scenedesmus subspicatus; Raphidocelis subcapitata; Daphnia magna; Lemna minor; Ecosystem; Toxicity; Croatia doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.441
P108-041 Ecotoxicological studies related to pesticide use in the Ebro River Delta M.C. Riva 1 , B. Vallès 2 , V. Ochoa 2 , A. Roque 2 1
CRIT (Center for Research and Innovation in Toxicology) Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Spain, 2 Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Spain The Ebro River Delta (Spain) is an alluvial plain that combines intensive agriculture (principally rice culture) and mariculture activities. Large quantities of pesticides applied to rice fields are then swept to the bays where mariculture takes place. The aim of this study was to evaluate environmental effects of pesticide field applications in the Ebro River Delta aquatic ecosystem. The ecotoxicological evaluation was carried out on environmental samples of water from the irrigation and drainage channels system and bays where mariculture takes place. Toxicity tests with aquatic organisms (bacteria, microalgae and daphnia) were used for assessment of different ecotoxicological endpoints, like inhibition of bioluminescence, growth and mobilisation. Organic chemicals on environmental samples were analysed by GC–MS, LC–MS. Physico-chemical parameters were also determined (AOX, conductivity, pH, TOC, etc.). doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.442
P108-042 Evaluation of toxicological aspects of treated wastewater samples L. Camps 1 , J. De Lapuente 1 , J. González-Linares 1 , J. Serret 1 , M. Solà 1 , R. Céspedes-Sánchez 2 , L. Matía 3 , M. Borràs 1 1
Parc Científic de Barcelona, Spain, 2 Aguas de Barcelona & CETaqua (Water Technology Center, Spain, 3 Aguas de Barcelona, Spain Water is essential for life, and its quality and safety are important both at health and environmental levels. Consumption waters are treated before their distribution to assure its safety and wastewaters are treated once more before they return to the environment.
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 196S (2010) S37–S351
P108-039 Effects assessment of oxytetracycline in the aquatic plant Lemna minor 2 , A. Anadón 2 ˜ J. Pro 1 , M.R. Martínez-Larranaga 1
Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Spain, 2 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain Oxytetracycline (OTC) is a broad spectrum human and animal antibiotic produced from the actinomycete Streptomyces rimosus and used to control bacteria, fungi, and mycoplasma-like organisms. In the United States (U.S.), oxytetracycline hydrochloride is used in agriculture as pesticide to control fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) in apples and pears, and bacterial spot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni) in peaches and nectarines. In the last registration review (2008) for the use of Oxytetracycline hydrochloride as pesticide the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency remarks the lack of data about environmental effects on vascular and non vascular aquatic plants. Vascular plants form the basis of the food chain for aquatic habitats and significantly contribute to overall water quality, a solid understanding of the potential risks to aquatic plants is essential for sound environmental risk management decisionmaking. To obtain toxicity data of OTC, an assay on the aquatic plant Lemna minor was performed following recommendations by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This assay was performed under statics conditions and considered OTC concentrations that ranged from 0.01 to 100 mg/L. OTC concentrations were analyzed by Solid Phase Extraction followed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography at the beginning and at the end of the test (0 and 7 days). The endpoints measured were growth inhibition (ErCx) and yield (EyCx) based on three measurement variables: frond number, fresh and dry weight. The data obtained from this study could be used to reduce uncertainties associated with the current risk assessment for aquatic plants and could improve the understanding of the potential effects of oxytetracycline on aquatic plants. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.440
P108-040 Influence of Mg, Cr, Fe and Zn from food supplements on selected types of aquatic organisms J. Boˇsnir 1 , D. Puntaric´ 1 , Zˇ . Cvetkovic´ 1 , L. Baruˇsic´ 1 , L. Pollak 1
Public Health Institute “dr Andrija Sˇ tampar”, Croatia
Aim: Determine whether uncontrolled disposal of food supplements into the environment, which in its composition contain magnesium (Mg), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) can cause unwanted effects on selected species of aquatic organisms as indicators of potential toxic effects of such preparations on the environment. Methods: Aquatic organisms: the freshwater algae Scenedesmus subspicatus and Raphidocelis subcapitata, great water flea Daphnia maga and duckweed Lemna minor, were exposed to Mg, Cr, Fe and Zn from food supplements by standardized methods. A total of 30 samples were analyzed for each individual micronutrient. Results: The results are expressed as effective concentration 50 (EC50 ), i.e. the concentration of Mg, Cr, Fe and Zn (mg/L), which inhibits growth or immobilizes 50% of the treated organisms. EC50 metals significantly differ (p < 0.001) at all examined test organisms.
At Scenedesmus subspicatus the sequnece of EC50 is: Fe(median 46.9 mg/L) < Zn(59.8 mg/L) < Mg(73.0 mg/L) < Cr(88.1 mg/L)(kWh/3; 120/44.0963). At Raphidocelis subcapitata the sequnece of EC50 is: Fe(median 44.9 mg/L) < Zn(52.6 mg/L) < Mg(62.2 mg/L) < Cr(76.8 mg/L)(kWh/3; 120/44.0936). At Daphnia magna the sequence of EC50 is: Zn(median 59.4 mg/L) < Cr(79.2 mg/L) < Fe(80.8 mg/L) < Mg(82.0 mg/L)(kWh/3; 120/39.2637). At Lemna minor the sequence of EC50 is: Zn(median 131.0 mg/L) < Fe(186.8 mg/L) < Mg(192.5 mg/L) < Cr(240.4 mg/L)(kWh/3; 120/58.6567). Conclusion: Although micronutrients Mg, Cr, Fe and Zn often appear as components of food supplements and belong to the group of essential elements, their uncontrolled disposal into the environment shows harmful effects on aquatic organisms. The use and disposal of supplements should be legally regulated. Keywords: Food supplements; Mg; Cr; Fe; Zn; Scenedesmus subspicatus; Raphidocelis subcapitata; Daphnia magna; Lemna minor; Ecosystem; Toxicity; Croatia doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.441
P108-041 Ecotoxicological studies related to pesticide use in the Ebro River Delta M.C. Riva 1 , B. Vallès 2 , V. Ochoa 2 , A. Roque 2 1
CRIT (Center for Research and Innovation in Toxicology) Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Spain, 2 Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Spain The Ebro River Delta (Spain) is an alluvial plain that combines intensive agriculture (principally rice culture) and mariculture activities. Large quantities of pesticides applied to rice fields are then swept to the bays where mariculture takes place. The aim of this study was to evaluate environmental effects of pesticide field applications in the Ebro River Delta aquatic ecosystem. The ecotoxicological evaluation was carried out on environmental samples of water from the irrigation and drainage channels system and bays where mariculture takes place. Toxicity tests with aquatic organisms (bacteria, microalgae and daphnia) were used for assessment of different ecotoxicological endpoints, like inhibition of bioluminescence, growth and mobilisation. Organic chemicals on environmental samples were analysed by GC–MS, LC–MS. Physico-chemical parameters were also determined (AOX, conductivity, pH, TOC, etc.). doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.442
P108-042 Evaluation of toxicological aspects of treated wastewater samples L. Camps 1 , J. De Lapuente 1 , J. González-Linares 1 , J. Serret 1 , M. Solà 1 , R. Céspedes-Sánchez 2 , L. Matía 3 , M. Borràs 1 1
Parc Científic de Barcelona, Spain, 2 Aguas de Barcelona & CETaqua (Water Technology Center, Spain, 3 Aguas de Barcelona, Spain Water is essential for life, and its quality and safety are important both at health and environmental levels. Consumption waters are treated before their distribution to assure its safety and wastewaters are treated once more before they return to the environment.