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Effects of electronic cigarette and tobacco cigarette smoking on complete blood count
S64
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 211S (2012) S43–S216
P08-02 Effects of active and passive electronic and tobacco cigarette smoking on lung function Maria Chorti 1 , Konstantina Poulianiti 1 , Athanasios Jamurtas 1 , Konstantinos Kostikas 1 , Manolis Tzatzarakis 2 , Dionysios Vynias 2 , Yiannis Koutedakis 1 , Andreas Flouris 1 , Aristidis Tsatsakis 2 Centre for Research and Technology, Greece, 2 University of Crete, Greece
1
Introduction: The electronic cigarette (e-cig) has become widely popular worldwide despite the lack of evidence on its safety. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the acute and short term effects of e-cig and tobacco cigarette active and passive smoking on lung function. Methods: Fifteen smokers (≥15 cigarettes/day, 8 males, 7 females) volunteered. In the control trial, smokers were asked to “smoke” an unlit-cigarette whereas in the tobacco cigarette trial they were asked to smoke two tobacco cigarettes of their favourite brand. In the e-cig trial they were asked to puff an e-cig. Measurements were assessed by spirometry. Results and conclusions: Lung function was significantly affected immediately tobacco cigarette smoking, although one hour later most of the lung function parameters had returned to normal levels. Tobacco cigarette smoking decreased significantly FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75 and FeNO and increased significantly CO and cotinine. No significant changes in lung function were observed in e-cig smoking, but cotinine was significantly increased immediately after one hour of smoking. For passive smoking, increase in CO and cotinine was observed even one hour after passive tobacco cigarette smoking. Following e-cig exposure FEV1/FVC ratio was reduced while cotinine was increased. Acute tobacco cigarette smoking causes a mild lung obstruction and a small increase in lung inflammation that last <1 h. Smoking the tested e-cig augments serum cotinine levels yet it does not seem to affect lung function acutely. Passive exposure to the e-cig examined demonstrates a short-term mild lung obstruction and augments serum cotinine levels. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.250
P08-03 Effects of electronic cigarette and tobacco cigarette smoking on complete blood count Dimitrios Kouretas 1 , Konstantina Poulianiti 2 , Maria Chorti 2 , Athanasios Jamurtas 2 , Konstantinos Kostikas 2 , Manolis Tzatzarakis 3 , Yiannis Koutedakis 2 , Andreas Flouris 2 , Aristidis Tsatsakis 3 1
University of Thessaly, Greece, 2 Centre for Research and Technology, Greece, 3 University of Crete, Greece
Background: Alternative smoking strategies such as the electronic cigarette (e-cig) may contribute towards reducing the threat to public health caused by the tobacco epidemic. However, the latest World Health Organisation regulatory consultation on the safety of electronic nicotine delivery devices called for intensified research efforts assessing the health effects of e-cigarette use given the lack of available evidence. Methods: A total of 15 smokers (≥15 cigarettes/day, 8 males, 7 females, 36.83 ± 9.85 years) and 15 neversmokers (8 males, 7 females, aged 28.87 ± 10.45 years) volunteered. The group of smokers underwent a control trial, an active tobacco cigarette smoking trial, and an active e-cigarette smoking trial. The group of never smokers underwent a control trial, a passive tobacco cigarette smoking trial, and a passive e-cigarette cigarette smoking
trial. Results: In smokers, active tobacco smoking increased white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, granulocyte count (P0.05). In never smokers, passive tobacco cigarette smoking caused a significant increase in white blood cell count, lymphocyte count and granulocyte count (P0.05). Conclusions: Acute active and passive e-cig smoking does not do not appear to influence the indices of complete blood count in smokers and never smokers, respectively. In contrast, acute active and passive tobacco cigarette smoking increase white blood cell count, lymphocyte count and granulocyte count. More research is needed to evaluate the safety of e-cig use. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.251 P09: Genotoxicity
P09-01 Chromosomal aberrations as biomarker of exposure to malathion in agriculture workers Ragaa Darwish 1 , Naima Sherif 1 , Mona Hassan 1 , Hanan Mahrous 2 1
Faculty of Medicine, Egypt, 2 Medical Research Institute, Egypt
Purpose: In the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the genotoxic risk associated with occupational exposure to malathion (a widely used organophosphate pesticide in Egypt) using chromosomal aberrations in circulating lymphocytes of exposed workers as a biological marker of genotoxicity. Methods: The exposed group was composed of 30 male agricultural workers regularly exposed to malathion during spraying. The chromosomal aberration analysis was carried out on cultures of phytohemaglutinin-stimulated blood lymphocytes. 0.5 ml of whole blood was added to 5 ml of RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 1 ml serum. Lymphocytes were incubated at 37 ◦ C for 48 h. Then colcemid was added at final concentration at 0.2 g/ml for the last 2 h. Fixation and preparation of the slides were carried out according to conventional methods. Results and conclusion: The group of agricultural workers showed a significant increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations, mainly of chromatid type (gaps, t = 5.6; and breaks, t = 3.5), when compared to the unexposed control group. A significant correlation was found between the yield of aberrations and the duration of exposure to malathion (r = 0.16, p = 0.01). Our results showed that malathion exhibits a certain mutagenic effect on the genetic structures of the somatic cells of the exposed group. The established positive correlation between the frequency of chromosome aberrations and the duration of exposure suggests the sensitivity of cytogenetic analyses in the detection of a potential genetic risk associated with occupational exposure to mutagens. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.253
P09-02 Antigenotoxic effect of 4-methylesculetin on mice cells exposed to doxorubicin Edson Maistro, Rafael Fedato Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Brazil Investigate potential protective substances against DNA damage are important in preventing diseases like cancer. The
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 211S (2012) S43–S216
P08-02 Effects of active and passive electronic and tobacco cigarette smoking on lung function Maria Chorti 1 , Konstantina Poulianiti 1 , Athanasios Jamurtas 1 , Konstantinos Kostikas 1 , Manolis Tzatzarakis 2 , Dionysios Vynias 2 , Yiannis Koutedakis 1 , Andreas Flouris 1 , Aristidis Tsatsakis 2 Centre for Research and Technology, Greece, 2 University of Crete, Greece
1
Introduction: The electronic cigarette (e-cig) has become widely popular worldwide despite the lack of evidence on its safety. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the acute and short term effects of e-cig and tobacco cigarette active and passive smoking on lung function. Methods: Fifteen smokers (≥15 cigarettes/day, 8 males, 7 females) volunteered. In the control trial, smokers were asked to “smoke” an unlit-cigarette whereas in the tobacco cigarette trial they were asked to smoke two tobacco cigarettes of their favourite brand. In the e-cig trial they were asked to puff an e-cig. Measurements were assessed by spirometry. Results and conclusions: Lung function was significantly affected immediately tobacco cigarette smoking, although one hour later most of the lung function parameters had returned to normal levels. Tobacco cigarette smoking decreased significantly FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75 and FeNO and increased significantly CO and cotinine. No significant changes in lung function were observed in e-cig smoking, but cotinine was significantly increased immediately after one hour of smoking. For passive smoking, increase in CO and cotinine was observed even one hour after passive tobacco cigarette smoking. Following e-cig exposure FEV1/FVC ratio was reduced while cotinine was increased. Acute tobacco cigarette smoking causes a mild lung obstruction and a small increase in lung inflammation that last <1 h. Smoking the tested e-cig augments serum cotinine levels yet it does not seem to affect lung function acutely. Passive exposure to the e-cig examined demonstrates a short-term mild lung obstruction and augments serum cotinine levels. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.250
P08-03 Effects of electronic cigarette and tobacco cigarette smoking on complete blood count Dimitrios Kouretas 1 , Konstantina Poulianiti 2 , Maria Chorti 2 , Athanasios Jamurtas 2 , Konstantinos Kostikas 2 , Manolis Tzatzarakis 3 , Yiannis Koutedakis 2 , Andreas Flouris 2 , Aristidis Tsatsakis 3 1
University of Thessaly, Greece, 2 Centre for Research and Technology, Greece, 3 University of Crete, Greece
Background: Alternative smoking strategies such as the electronic cigarette (e-cig) may contribute towards reducing the threat to public health caused by the tobacco epidemic. However, the latest World Health Organisation regulatory consultation on the safety of electronic nicotine delivery devices called for intensified research efforts assessing the health effects of e-cigarette use given the lack of available evidence. Methods: A total of 15 smokers (≥15 cigarettes/day, 8 males, 7 females, 36.83 ± 9.85 years) and 15 neversmokers (8 males, 7 females, aged 28.87 ± 10.45 years) volunteered. The group of smokers underwent a control trial, an active tobacco cigarette smoking trial, and an active e-cigarette smoking trial. The group of never smokers underwent a control trial, a passive tobacco cigarette smoking trial, and a passive e-cigarette cigarette smoking
trial. Results: In smokers, active tobacco smoking increased white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, granulocyte count (P0.05). In never smokers, passive tobacco cigarette smoking caused a significant increase in white blood cell count, lymphocyte count and granulocyte count (P0.05). Conclusions: Acute active and passive e-cig smoking does not do not appear to influence the indices of complete blood count in smokers and never smokers, respectively. In contrast, acute active and passive tobacco cigarette smoking increase white blood cell count, lymphocyte count and granulocyte count. More research is needed to evaluate the safety of e-cig use. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.251 P09: Genotoxicity
P09-01 Chromosomal aberrations as biomarker of exposure to malathion in agriculture workers Ragaa Darwish 1 , Naima Sherif 1 , Mona Hassan 1 , Hanan Mahrous 2 1
Faculty of Medicine, Egypt, 2 Medical Research Institute, Egypt
Purpose: In the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the genotoxic risk associated with occupational exposure to malathion (a widely used organophosphate pesticide in Egypt) using chromosomal aberrations in circulating lymphocytes of exposed workers as a biological marker of genotoxicity. Methods: The exposed group was composed of 30 male agricultural workers regularly exposed to malathion during spraying. The chromosomal aberration analysis was carried out on cultures of phytohemaglutinin-stimulated blood lymphocytes. 0.5 ml of whole blood was added to 5 ml of RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 1 ml serum. Lymphocytes were incubated at 37 ◦ C for 48 h. Then colcemid was added at final concentration at 0.2 g/ml for the last 2 h. Fixation and preparation of the slides were carried out according to conventional methods. Results and conclusion: The group of agricultural workers showed a significant increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations, mainly of chromatid type (gaps, t = 5.6; and breaks, t = 3.5), when compared to the unexposed control group. A significant correlation was found between the yield of aberrations and the duration of exposure to malathion (r = 0.16, p = 0.01). Our results showed that malathion exhibits a certain mutagenic effect on the genetic structures of the somatic cells of the exposed group. The established positive correlation between the frequency of chromosome aberrations and the duration of exposure suggests the sensitivity of cytogenetic analyses in the detection of a potential genetic risk associated with occupational exposure to mutagens. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.253
P09-02 Antigenotoxic effect of 4-methylesculetin on mice cells exposed to doxorubicin Edson Maistro, Rafael Fedato Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Brazil Investigate potential protective substances against DNA damage are important in preventing diseases like cancer. The