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Evaluation of performance charcteristics in an anaerobic baffled-fixed film reactor (ABFFR) treating palm oil mill effluent
Special Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 150S (2010) S1–S576
microorganisms, 2) it is wide-spread in nature and thus it is lowcost. The dimensionless mathematical model of the process was developed and implemented in the COMSOL Multiphysics programming environment. The model consists of mass balances of a substrate, which enables the fungal growth, and the dye, which is to be degraded, in the fungal biofilm and in the wastewater. The biofilm is modeled as a two dimensional domain while the liquid film is represented by a boundary condition. The biomass growth, decay and erosion are also considered. Numerical results are compared with experimental data measured in a lab-scale trickle-bed bioreactor and the results are discussed. Many various mathematical models of biofilms were created, but they mostly deal with bacterial biofilms. Our mathematical model is endeavoring to describe the performance of the fungal biofilm trickle-bed reactor in such an easy way as possible but keeping the necessary degree of complexity. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.171 [P-E.150] Evaluation of performance charcteristics in an anaerobic baffled-fixed film reactor (ABFFR) treating palm oil mill effluent Vassanasak Limkhuansuwan 1 , Chinnapong Wangnai 2 , Pawinee Chaiprasert 3,∗ 1 King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand 2 King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (Bangkhuntien)), Bangkok 10150, Thailand 3 King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (Bangkhuntien)), Bangkok 10150, Thailand Keywords: Baffle compartment; Hybrid baffled - fixed film reactor; Hydrolysis; Methanogenesis; Palm oil mill effluent
The anaerobic baffled-fixed film reactor (ABFFR) in this study was designed for enhancing the biodegradation of high suspended solid (SS) and organic matter in palm oil mill effluent (POME). An ABFFR was developed by a baffled process combined with plastic nets fitted inside the last fourth compartment of reactor. The most significant advantages of the ABFFR is solid retention time (SRT) longer than hydraulic retention time (HRT) and its ability to separate anaerobic digestion stage in the reactor. POME containing high concentration of COD (65,120 ± 1,000 mgl-1 ) and SS (21,060 ± 550 mgl-1 ) was semi-continuously upflow fed at 1.2 l d-1 . The reactor was operated within ambient temperature at 20 days hydraulic retention time and 3.2 kgCOD m-3 d-1 organic loading rate. The reactor was run to 5 cycles of HRT at 112 d of operation. The performance characteristics in term of hydrolysis of SS, COD reduction, VFA spectrum, biogas and methane production was investigated in each compartment and overall reactor. The overall performance of ABFFR in term of COD and SS removal were 90% and 80%, respectively with methane production of 6.9 l d-1 . The performance characteristics of the first to third baffle compartment act as hydrolysis and fermentation chamber for suspended organic matter at reduction of cellulose 59, 5 and 9%, respectively while that of hemicellulose 55, 4 and 13%, respectively and lignin 38, 5 and 8%, respectively. pH was in acidic range of 4.5-5.0. Acetate was major found and followed by butyrate and propionate in three compartments. The fourth compartment acts as methanogenic chamber with pH of 7.7 and less volatile fatty acids accumulation. The soluble COD removal was 90%. High biogas and methane production was found. Biogas and methane yield were 0.45-0.53 and 0.3-0.38 m3 kg-1 soluble COD removed. These results show
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that ABFFR enhance the SS degradation and biogas production for POME. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.172 [P-E.151] DNA damage on crocodylus moreletti from an urban lake, exposure to metals at southern gulf of Mexico M.T. Gamboa Rodriguez 1,∗ , J.R. Gamboa Aldeco 1 , L. Saldivar Osorio 1,2 1
Universidad Juarez Autónoma de Tabasco, Mexico Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico Keywords: genotoxicity; comet assay; crocodylus; Lead 2
At the southern Gulf of México, some crocodile populations have been decreasing their number due to anthropogenic pressures to their habitat. A continuous inlet of pollutants to their aquatic ecosystems, like municipal waste and pluvial waters carrying particulate and oil deposited by auto motors, with risk to health and reproduction capabilities of individuals. Genotoxic effect of environmental metals (like lead)on the DNA of a wild Crocodylus moreletii population of an urban, in order to establish subpopulations or individuals at risk. In the present study we determined lead concentration in 28 blood samples and 20 dermal plates from crocodiles. Samples, their respective blanks and standards were analyzed by triplicate with an A.A. spectrometer (Perkin Elmer 2380) with graphite furnace. DNA strands brakes were evaluated with the Single cell electrophoresis assay on peripheral blood leucocytes of wild individuals taken from the lake and compared to a control group from a reproduction farm. DNA migration from the nucleus measured in m was from 19.5 up to 49.88 and from 0 up to 35 in the wild and control groups respectively. DNA migration was reported as the Tail/head ratio. Wild group presented a mean value of 1.6 + 0.10, while control group was 0.4 + 0.16.The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Lead in blood samples were from 6.55 up to 15.34 g/dl with a mean of 12.01 ± 1.6 g/dl. Mean Blood Lead concentration was slightly higher in wild organisms (12.01 ± 1.6 g/dl) than organisms from a crocodile farm (8.15 ± 1.7 g/dl),however this was not statistically significative (p < 0.05).Lead concentration in dermal plates was from 4.2 up to 55.29 ppm with a mean value of 22.62 ± 3.2 ppm. level of damage evaluated on wild animals were medium to high. Crocodylus population in this natural habitat is impacted in their genetic material by urban activities. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.173 [P-E.152] Biodegradability of imidazolium ionic liquids E. Liwarska-Bizukojc ∗ , I. Doniec Technical University of Lodz, Poland Keywords: biodegradability; imidazolium; ionic liquid Introduction: Ionic liquids (ILs) due to their unique physicochemical properties including negligible volatility and nonflammability are believed as potential substitutes of conventional organic solvents. In this study biodegradability of three imidazolium ILs of different length (from C2 to C10) of alkyl chain substituents were tested. Methods: The object of investigation were the following ILs: 1 ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C2mim][Br]), 1-hexyl-
microorganisms, 2) it is wide-spread in nature and thus it is lowcost. The dimensionless mathematical model of the process was developed and implemented in the COMSOL Multiphysics programming environment. The model consists of mass balances of a substrate, which enables the fungal growth, and the dye, which is to be degraded, in the fungal biofilm and in the wastewater. The biofilm is modeled as a two dimensional domain while the liquid film is represented by a boundary condition. The biomass growth, decay and erosion are also considered. Numerical results are compared with experimental data measured in a lab-scale trickle-bed bioreactor and the results are discussed. Many various mathematical models of biofilms were created, but they mostly deal with bacterial biofilms. Our mathematical model is endeavoring to describe the performance of the fungal biofilm trickle-bed reactor in such an easy way as possible but keeping the necessary degree of complexity. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.171 [P-E.150] Evaluation of performance charcteristics in an anaerobic baffled-fixed film reactor (ABFFR) treating palm oil mill effluent Vassanasak Limkhuansuwan 1 , Chinnapong Wangnai 2 , Pawinee Chaiprasert 3,∗ 1 King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand 2 King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (Bangkhuntien)), Bangkok 10150, Thailand 3 King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (Bangkhuntien)), Bangkok 10150, Thailand Keywords: Baffle compartment; Hybrid baffled - fixed film reactor; Hydrolysis; Methanogenesis; Palm oil mill effluent
The anaerobic baffled-fixed film reactor (ABFFR) in this study was designed for enhancing the biodegradation of high suspended solid (SS) and organic matter in palm oil mill effluent (POME). An ABFFR was developed by a baffled process combined with plastic nets fitted inside the last fourth compartment of reactor. The most significant advantages of the ABFFR is solid retention time (SRT) longer than hydraulic retention time (HRT) and its ability to separate anaerobic digestion stage in the reactor. POME containing high concentration of COD (65,120 ± 1,000 mgl-1 ) and SS (21,060 ± 550 mgl-1 ) was semi-continuously upflow fed at 1.2 l d-1 . The reactor was operated within ambient temperature at 20 days hydraulic retention time and 3.2 kgCOD m-3 d-1 organic loading rate. The reactor was run to 5 cycles of HRT at 112 d of operation. The performance characteristics in term of hydrolysis of SS, COD reduction, VFA spectrum, biogas and methane production was investigated in each compartment and overall reactor. The overall performance of ABFFR in term of COD and SS removal were 90% and 80%, respectively with methane production of 6.9 l d-1 . The performance characteristics of the first to third baffle compartment act as hydrolysis and fermentation chamber for suspended organic matter at reduction of cellulose 59, 5 and 9%, respectively while that of hemicellulose 55, 4 and 13%, respectively and lignin 38, 5 and 8%, respectively. pH was in acidic range of 4.5-5.0. Acetate was major found and followed by butyrate and propionate in three compartments. The fourth compartment acts as methanogenic chamber with pH of 7.7 and less volatile fatty acids accumulation. The soluble COD removal was 90%. High biogas and methane production was found. Biogas and methane yield were 0.45-0.53 and 0.3-0.38 m3 kg-1 soluble COD removed. These results show
S267
that ABFFR enhance the SS degradation and biogas production for POME. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.172 [P-E.151] DNA damage on crocodylus moreletti from an urban lake, exposure to metals at southern gulf of Mexico M.T. Gamboa Rodriguez 1,∗ , J.R. Gamboa Aldeco 1 , L. Saldivar Osorio 1,2 1
Universidad Juarez Autónoma de Tabasco, Mexico Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico Keywords: genotoxicity; comet assay; crocodylus; Lead 2
At the southern Gulf of México, some crocodile populations have been decreasing their number due to anthropogenic pressures to their habitat. A continuous inlet of pollutants to their aquatic ecosystems, like municipal waste and pluvial waters carrying particulate and oil deposited by auto motors, with risk to health and reproduction capabilities of individuals. Genotoxic effect of environmental metals (like lead)on the DNA of a wild Crocodylus moreletii population of an urban, in order to establish subpopulations or individuals at risk. In the present study we determined lead concentration in 28 blood samples and 20 dermal plates from crocodiles. Samples, their respective blanks and standards were analyzed by triplicate with an A.A. spectrometer (Perkin Elmer 2380) with graphite furnace. DNA strands brakes were evaluated with the Single cell electrophoresis assay on peripheral blood leucocytes of wild individuals taken from the lake and compared to a control group from a reproduction farm. DNA migration from the nucleus measured in m was from 19.5 up to 49.88 and from 0 up to 35 in the wild and control groups respectively. DNA migration was reported as the Tail/head ratio. Wild group presented a mean value of 1.6 + 0.10, while control group was 0.4 + 0.16.The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Lead in blood samples were from 6.55 up to 15.34 g/dl with a mean of 12.01 ± 1.6 g/dl. Mean Blood Lead concentration was slightly higher in wild organisms (12.01 ± 1.6 g/dl) than organisms from a crocodile farm (8.15 ± 1.7 g/dl),however this was not statistically significative (p < 0.05).Lead concentration in dermal plates was from 4.2 up to 55.29 ppm with a mean value of 22.62 ± 3.2 ppm. level of damage evaluated on wild animals were medium to high. Crocodylus population in this natural habitat is impacted in their genetic material by urban activities. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.173 [P-E.152] Biodegradability of imidazolium ionic liquids E. Liwarska-Bizukojc ∗ , I. Doniec Technical University of Lodz, Poland Keywords: biodegradability; imidazolium; ionic liquid Introduction: Ionic liquids (ILs) due to their unique physicochemical properties including negligible volatility and nonflammability are believed as potential substitutes of conventional organic solvents. In this study biodegradability of three imidazolium ILs of different length (from C2 to C10) of alkyl chain substituents were tested. Methods: The object of investigation were the following ILs: 1 ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C2mim][Br]), 1-hexyl-