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Field measurements in tunnels
58A
Tunnels See also: 793253
793o98 n~rEGmU--'SD MEAmmING Tscm~qJE FOR ROCK PRESSURE D~fERMINATION KOvari, K; Amstad, C; Fritz s P Proc International Symposium on Field Measurements in Rock Mechanics, Zurich, 4-6 April 1977, VI, P289-316. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1977 Relates to the determination of the loading on a tunnel lining caused by the deformation derived from rock pressure. The method of back analysis described requires the measurement of deformation from which the stress is determined and the loading then obtained by numerical differentiation. Theoretical aspects are discussed, and the 3 instr~ents used for accurate measurement of change in curvature of the tunnel arch, for strain measurements, and for displacement measurements are described, with a case study
(Gotth~ r~n tun~l). 793099 S Y S T ~ FOR STRESS M E A ~ N T IN CONSTRUCTIONS IN ROCK Sauer I G; Sharma, B Proc International Symposium on Field Measurements in Rock Mechanics, Zurich, 4-6 April 1977, V1, P317-329. Publ ROtterd/m: A A Balkema, 1977 Describes the installation and use of the Glotzl cell, a flat, thin pressure measuring instrument as part of a monitoring system for recordlng in situ pressure changes during tunnel construetion. The system was used during the construetion of the F r a n ~ metro. 793100 CONSTANT-TENSION SI~qAIN WIRE BOREHOLE EXTENSOM~TER AND ITS APPLICATION TO INSTRUMENTATION OF UNDERGROUND OPENINGS Whittaker, B N; Wocdrow, G J M Proc International Symposium on Field Measurements in ROck Mechanics, zurich, 4-6 April 1977, V1, I~37-4h8. P~bl Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1977 Describes the design of the apparatus and summarises operational experience in measuring rock displacement during tlhnnelling activities. 793101 USE OF DEFORMATION M E A S U R E S IN DIMENSIONING THE LINING OF SUBWAY TUNNELS Muller-Salzburg, L Proc International Symposium on Field Measurements in Rock Mechanics, Zurich, 4-6 April 1977, V2, P451-471. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1977 Discusses the importance of in situ deformatlon measurements made during the construction period for the assessment of existing stresses a more realistic dimensioning of tunnel support. Direct monitoring can also be used to define safe operating procedures when driving shallow subway tunnels where minimal settlement is permissible. Case studies of tunnels completed in recent years are reviewed briefly. 24 refs. 793102 SUBWAY TUNNEL AT N U R N B ~ G : PREDICTED AND MEASURED DEFORMATIONS Gsrtung, E; Bauernfeind, P Proc International Symposium on Field Measuremerits in Rock Mechanics, Zurich, 4-6 April 1977, V2, P473-~83 . Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1977
793103 ~,:~:,TS~ERG TUNNEL: H I ~ VENTIIA~ION CHAMBER Letsch I U Proc International Symposium on Field Measurements in Rock Mechanics, Zurich~ 4-6 April 1977, V2, P577-586. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1977 Reports investigations of rock mass behaviour in the V a l a ~ n Marl by means of a pilot turmel and test chamber. The construction of the Huttegg ventilation chamber in the Marl is also described3 including details of monitoring of deformation, rock anchor stresses ard convergence during the excavation. 793104 FIELD M E A ~ S IN TUNNELS Londe, P Proc Interrmtlonal Symposium oa Field Measuremeuts in Rock Mechanics, zurich# 4-6 April 1977, V2, P619-638. Publ Rotterdam: A A BB/kema, 1977 Discusses the range and utility of in sltu measurements in three phases: before, during and after construction. Tests in pilot tunnels, borehole tests, stress measurement, displacement measurements, and in-service monitoring for safety purposes are all covered. 793105 ADJUSTMENT OF PROGRAMS OF M E A S L ~ N r S BASED ON THE RESULTS OF CURRENT EVALUATION John, M Proc International Symposium on Field Measurements in Rock Mechanics, Zurich, 4-6 April 1977, V2, %39-656. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1977 Relates to deep tunnels constructed by the New Austrian Tunnelling Method. Measurements are of 3 types: l) control (convergence, roof settlement, and invert upheaval measurements), 2) support (measurements of rock ~ s s deformation, stress on anchors and on linings) and 3 ) stability (determination of the loadirg on the inner lining). Evaluation of results and sdJust~mnts to support measures are illustrated by reference to the Arlberg Tunnel. 793106 FIELD INSTRUMENTATION FOR THE DESIGN OF TUNNELS IN SWELLING ROCK Bischoff, N; Hagmann, A J Proc International Symposium on Field Measurements in Rock Mechanics, Zurich, 4-6 April 1977, V2, P657-668. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkem~, 1977 Reports the use of a multiple position extensometer, a distometer for convergence measuremerits and a curvature-straln measuring device, with reference to 4 case studies of Swiss storage and rall tunnels. 793107 CREEP BEHAVIOUR OF SOFT GROUND TUNNEL Takemoto, T; Ryoke, K; Teramoto, T Proe International Symposit~n on Field Measurements in Rock Mechanics, Zurich, 4-6 April 1977, V2, P669-682. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1977 Describes the preliminary investigation, planning, and construction of a road tunnel at a distance of only 14m from an existing tunnel already in use. Finite element analyses, includirg creep analysis, were carried out and compared with in situ measurements obtained usirg the slde-drift method.
Tunnels See also: 793253
793o98 n~rEGmU--'SD MEAmmING Tscm~qJE FOR ROCK PRESSURE D~fERMINATION KOvari, K; Amstad, C; Fritz s P Proc International Symposium on Field Measurements in Rock Mechanics, Zurich, 4-6 April 1977, VI, P289-316. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1977 Relates to the determination of the loading on a tunnel lining caused by the deformation derived from rock pressure. The method of back analysis described requires the measurement of deformation from which the stress is determined and the loading then obtained by numerical differentiation. Theoretical aspects are discussed, and the 3 instr~ents used for accurate measurement of change in curvature of the tunnel arch, for strain measurements, and for displacement measurements are described, with a case study
(Gotth~ r~n tun~l). 793099 S Y S T ~ FOR STRESS M E A ~ N T IN CONSTRUCTIONS IN ROCK Sauer I G; Sharma, B Proc International Symposium on Field Measurements in Rock Mechanics, Zurich, 4-6 April 1977, V1, P317-329. Publ ROtterd/m: A A Balkema, 1977 Describes the installation and use of the Glotzl cell, a flat, thin pressure measuring instrument as part of a monitoring system for recordlng in situ pressure changes during tunnel construetion. The system was used during the construetion of the F r a n ~ metro. 793100 CONSTANT-TENSION SI~qAIN WIRE BOREHOLE EXTENSOM~TER AND ITS APPLICATION TO INSTRUMENTATION OF UNDERGROUND OPENINGS Whittaker, B N; Wocdrow, G J M Proc International Symposium on Field Measurements in ROck Mechanics, zurich, 4-6 April 1977, V1, I~37-4h8. P~bl Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1977 Describes the design of the apparatus and summarises operational experience in measuring rock displacement during tlhnnelling activities. 793101 USE OF DEFORMATION M E A S U R E S IN DIMENSIONING THE LINING OF SUBWAY TUNNELS Muller-Salzburg, L Proc International Symposium on Field Measurements in Rock Mechanics, Zurich, 4-6 April 1977, V2, P451-471. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1977 Discusses the importance of in situ deformatlon measurements made during the construction period for the assessment of existing stresses a more realistic dimensioning of tunnel support. Direct monitoring can also be used to define safe operating procedures when driving shallow subway tunnels where minimal settlement is permissible. Case studies of tunnels completed in recent years are reviewed briefly. 24 refs. 793102 SUBWAY TUNNEL AT N U R N B ~ G : PREDICTED AND MEASURED DEFORMATIONS Gsrtung, E; Bauernfeind, P Proc International Symposium on Field Measuremerits in Rock Mechanics, Zurich, 4-6 April 1977, V2, P473-~83 . Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1977
793103 ~,:~:,TS~ERG TUNNEL: H I ~ VENTIIA~ION CHAMBER Letsch I U Proc International Symposium on Field Measurements in Rock Mechanics, Zurich~ 4-6 April 1977, V2, P577-586. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1977 Reports investigations of rock mass behaviour in the V a l a ~ n Marl by means of a pilot turmel and test chamber. The construction of the Huttegg ventilation chamber in the Marl is also described3 including details of monitoring of deformation, rock anchor stresses ard convergence during the excavation. 793104 FIELD M E A ~ S IN TUNNELS Londe, P Proc Interrmtlonal Symposium oa Field Measuremeuts in Rock Mechanics, zurich# 4-6 April 1977, V2, P619-638. Publ Rotterdam: A A BB/kema, 1977 Discusses the range and utility of in sltu measurements in three phases: before, during and after construction. Tests in pilot tunnels, borehole tests, stress measurement, displacement measurements, and in-service monitoring for safety purposes are all covered. 793105 ADJUSTMENT OF PROGRAMS OF M E A S L ~ N r S BASED ON THE RESULTS OF CURRENT EVALUATION John, M Proc International Symposium on Field Measurements in Rock Mechanics, Zurich, 4-6 April 1977, V2, %39-656. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1977 Relates to deep tunnels constructed by the New Austrian Tunnelling Method. Measurements are of 3 types: l) control (convergence, roof settlement, and invert upheaval measurements), 2) support (measurements of rock ~ s s deformation, stress on anchors and on linings) and 3 ) stability (determination of the loadirg on the inner lining). Evaluation of results and sdJust~mnts to support measures are illustrated by reference to the Arlberg Tunnel. 793106 FIELD INSTRUMENTATION FOR THE DESIGN OF TUNNELS IN SWELLING ROCK Bischoff, N; Hagmann, A J Proc International Symposium on Field Measurements in Rock Mechanics, Zurich, 4-6 April 1977, V2, P657-668. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkem~, 1977 Reports the use of a multiple position extensometer, a distometer for convergence measuremerits and a curvature-straln measuring device, with reference to 4 case studies of Swiss storage and rall tunnels. 793107 CREEP BEHAVIOUR OF SOFT GROUND TUNNEL Takemoto, T; Ryoke, K; Teramoto, T Proe International Symposit~n on Field Measurements in Rock Mechanics, Zurich, 4-6 April 1977, V2, P669-682. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1977 Describes the preliminary investigation, planning, and construction of a road tunnel at a distance of only 14m from an existing tunnel already in use. Finite element analyses, includirg creep analysis, were carried out and compared with in situ measurements obtained usirg the slde-drift method.