Fuels, Chemicals and Metals from Bioprocesses
5279234
5279953
CONTROLLED CLEAN-EMISSION BIOMASS GASIFICATION HEATING SYSTEM[METHOD
IN VIVO PRODUCTION TAXANES
OF
Roy W Stahlhut assigned to ESCA Genetics Corporation
Robert J Bender, Louis T Bravakis, John P Tomasi assigned to Chiptec Wood Energy Systems
Method for improved in vivo production of taxanes by inoculation of tissue of the genus Taxus with virulent or avirulent strains of Agrobacterium. In the preferred embodiment, virulent Agrobacterium is the inoculant which induces gall formation at all stages of the plant, from saplings to mature trees. Incomplete harvesting of galls permits regeneration on the trees, resulting in a renewable resource. Unexpectedly, the inoculant tissue (both virulent and avirulent) produces approximately twice the concentration of taxanes per unit tissue weight as compared to normal tissue. In addition, the virulent strain induced gall biomass is 2-3 times greater than normal tissue per unit growth time, while avirulent inoculants show approximately the same growth as normal. The net yield increase is 2-6 times normal, (4-6 for galls), is renewable, does not require special growth hormones or media, does not result in sacrificing the tree, and can be started at the sapling stage. The post-growth phase production is uncoupled by the inoculation and concentration yield is doubled.
A biomass fuel gasification chamber, blast tube, and heat exchange chamber are interconnected horizontally and subjected to negative drawing pressure by a large variable speed chimney fan. An auger with an air lock feeds biomass fuel automatically into the gasification chamber. Fuel is moved across the gasification chamber on a partially serrated sloping grate. Three stages of fuel activity are created: anaerobic heating for pyrolysis, combustion, and incandescent charcoal oxydation for gasification. A variable speed fan, variable flue, and directional air duct and baffles control the stages with underfire air. A programmed auger in an airtight chamber removes ash automatically. In large systems a hydraulic moving wedge floor assists the fuel feeding auger and a moving sloping grate moves the fuel. A fan and long preheating duct with baffles and fins inside the gasification chamber preheat and direct air into a blast tube leading from the gasification chamber. Openings from the preheating tube angled both longitudinally and transversely into the blast tube create turbulence in the blast tube directed away from the gasification chamber. Preheated directed air flow and the negative pressure of the chimney fan draw gases from the gasification chamber into the blast tube, crack the gases, and shoot a fire blast into the heat exchange chamber. The fire blast heats an external system. Particulates are removed producing a clean-emission exhaust gas. Temperature and air quality sensors in the chimney provide feedback signals to various system controls to maintain optimum operating conditions.
5290957 PROCESS FOR THE STEREOSELECTIVE PREPARATION OF PHENYLISOSERINE DERIVATIVES USED IN MAKING TAXOLS Aden Correa, Jean-Noel Denis, Andrew-Elliot Greene, Sao Carlos, Brazil assigned to Rhone Poulenc Rorer S A 168
169
PATENT ABSTRACTS A stereoselective process for preparing phenylisoserine derivatives is disclosed. Benzylamine is reacted with an agent for introducing a phenyl or a t-butoxycarbonyl group. The product undergoes double anionization and then is reacted with acrolein to provide a mixture of alcohol syn and anti diasteroisomers. The syn isomer is isolated by chromatography. Whereupon, the hydroxyl is protected and the product is oxidized to provide the phenylisoserine derivative.
5296358 PROCESS FOR THE ENZYMATIC PREPARATION OF CEPHALOSPORANIC DERIVATIVES USING A D-AMINO ACID OXIDASE FROM RHODOTORULA GLUTINIS NCIMB 40412 Ezio A Battistel, Pietro Cesti, Giuliana Franzosi, Goes Vilhelmus van der, Silvana Bonicelli, Mirella Pilone, La Spezia, Italy assigned to Ministero Dell'Universita' e Della Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica
5292660 REMOVAL OF RESIDUAL MONOMERS FROM POLYMERS USING PEROXIDE-GENERATING ENZYME Gerardus Overbeek, Yvonne W Smak, Sprang Capelle, Netherlands assigned to ICI Resin BV Method for removing radically-polymerisable unsaturated monomer from a dispersion of a polymer, made by non-enzymic polymerisation, by treating the polymer dispersion with a peroxide-generating enzyme (such as an oxidase) and an enzyme substrate(s), and usually oxygen, optionally with a reducing agent, under conditions to effect a reduction in the level of the residual monomer.
5294547 PROCESS FOR PRODUCING L-AMINO ACIDS BY FERMENTATION EMPLOYING A MICROORGANISM WITH RESISTANCE TO A DIPEPTIDE Takayas Tsuchida, Haruo Uchibori, Hiroshi Takeuchi, Mitsuyoshi Seki, Kawasaki, Japan assigned to Ajinomoto Company Inc Culturing an L-amino acid producing microorganism belonging to the genus Brevibacterium or corynebacterium and having a resistance to a dipeptide containing glutamic acid or aspartic acid gives L-amino acids in high yield.
The enzymatic preparation of cephalosporanic derivatives, or their salts, having the formula: See Patent for Chemical Structure (I) wherein R is -CO-COOH or -COOH, Ri is H, OH, or -OCO-R" and R" is an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, is carried out by the oxidative deamination of compounds, or their salts, having the formula: See Patent for Chemical Structure (II) with an oxidase D-Aminoacid enzyme derived from Rhodotorula glutinis NCIMB 40412. The enzyme can be in a free or immobilized form.
5296363 PREPARATION O F 2-(4HYDROXYPHENOXY) PROPIONIC ACID BY FERMENTATION Bryan Cooper, Wolgang Ladner, Bernhard Hauer, Hardo Siegel, Mannheim, Federal Republic Of Germany assigned to Base AktiengeseUschaft A process for the oxidation phenoxypropionic acid to hydrophenoxy)propionic acid microorganisms is described.
of
22-(4using
5296369 METHOD AND COMPOSITIONS FOR CONTROLLING ROUNDLEAVED MALLOW USING COLLETOTRICHUM GLOEOSPORIOIDES F. S P . M A L V A E , A . T . C . C . 20767 Knud Mortensen, Roberte M D Makowski,
170
PATENT ABSTRACTS
James Cunningham, Robert D Carmichael, Balgonie, Canada assigned to Her Majesty the Queen in right of Canada as represented by the Minister of Agriculture; Philom Bi Commercial mycoherbicide compositions for the control of round-leaved mallow weeds (Malva pusilla Sm.), the active ingredient being the spores of the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. malvae, ATCC 20767, these spores having been produced by a twophase multi-staged liquid fermentation process, then separated from the mycelial biomass and concentrated into a spore slurry. The active ingredient of the mycoherbicide compositions, i.e., spores, can be packaged as a concentrated spore slurry or alternatively, dried and then packaged. Both the liquid and dry forms of the mycoherbicide are packaged in gas- and waterimpermeable containers. The spores are stabilized prior to packaging or drying by the addition of a stabilizing agent or alternatively, stabilized after drying by adjusting their final water content. The initial, i.e., primary, fermentation phase may be made up of multiple stages and is performed under conditions which are optimized for production ofmycelial biomass while restricting spore production. The final-phase fermentation is performed under conditions which limit mycelial biomass production but are optimized for production of the active ingredient, i.e spores. These mycoherbicide compositions are applied by suspending the spore slurries in water or alternatively, suspending the dried spores in water, and followed by spraying of the resulting suspension onto round-leaved mallow weeds. The active ingredient of these mycoherbicidal compositions, i.e., fungal spores, will control only round-leaved mallow weeds, and does not affect other weed species or non-target crop plants.
5304470 PROCESS FOR THE ENZYMATIC PREPARATION OF PROTECTED AND UNPROTECTED DI- AND OLIGOPEPTIDES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS Andreas Fischer, Alexande Schwarz, Christia Wandrey, Guenter Knaup, Andrea Bommarius, Karl-Heinz Drauz, Bonn, Federal Republic Of Germany assigned to Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH; Degussa Protected and unprotected di- or oligopeptides are synthesized by reacting an N-terminally protected alpha-amino acid alkyl ester or peptide alkyl ester of the formula X-E-R 1 with an amino acid or a di- or oligopeptide or a derivative thereof of the formula H2N-Q-R2 in aqueous solution in the presence of a hydrolase, and, removing protective groups from the reaction product separated from the reaction mixture, where E is the residue of an alpha-amino acid or ofa di- or oligopeptide, R1 is lower alkyl and X is a group which carries a charge or is polar at the pH values used for the reaction and which increases the solubility by a factor )5 compared with compounds wherein X = H, Q is the residue of an amino acid or ofa di- or oligopeptide, and R2 is an optionally esterified or amidated acid group. In a preferred embodiment, the peptide or ( alpha-)amino acid ester concentration is greater than 50 mM, wherein in a particularly preferred embodiment, the concentration ranges from 100 to 1000 mM with approximately comparable nucleophile and electrophile concentrations. The preferred substrate/enzyme ratios are )105 M/M or )103 M/M when papain is employed. Phthalyl, maleyl or citraconyl radicals and their derivatives or N-betainyl compounds are envisaged for use radicals (X) in the electrophilic component.