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Low dose persistent organic pollutants and diabetes
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 211S (2012) S24–S34
W01-4 Lead poisoning in pregnancy – sources, biomarkers, clinical features and management Simon Thomas Newcastle University, United Kingdom Mean population blood lead concentrations have been decreasing in developed countries recently, with sharp reductions in those with lead concentrations >10 mcg/dL, although lead exposure remains common in the developing world. Lead concentrations in maternal blood may increase further as a result of mobilisation from bone stores during pregnancy. Lead crosses the placenta and concentrations in cord blood correlate with those in maternal blood. Adverse consequences of maternal lead exposure include spontaneous abortion, congenital malformations (inconsistent evidence), maternal hypertension, reduced fetal growth and head circumference, premature birth and neurodevelopmental delay, the latter correlated with increases in maternal blood lead concentrations and other biomarkers of longer term lead exposure, e.g. increased bone concentrations measured by X-ray fluorescence (Gomaa et al., 2002). Effects on neurodevelopment are seen at blood lead concentrations below currently recommended workplace exposure limits (Jusko et al., 2007). Management of lead poisoning during pregnancy includes remove from further exposure, provision of calcium, iron, folate and zinc supplements. Evidence that the benefits of chelation exceed risks are limited but there are anecdotal reports of successful use in humans. Further efforts to reduce population lead exposure remain essential, with women of childbearing potential a key target group. No level of exposure is regarded as safe; limited reductions in population exposure may result in important reductions in the proportion of children with severe neurodevelopmental effects.
References Gomaa, A., et al., 2002. Pediatrics 110 (1 Pt 1), 110–118. Jusko, T.A., et al., 2007. Environ Health Perspect. 116, 243–248.
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.807 W2: New Target Organ Toxicities of Environmental Contaminants
S25
Following these cross-sectional findings, several recent prospective studies have observed that some OC pesticides and PCBs predicted the future risk of T2D in the general population although the specific kinds of POPs predicting T2D and the shapes of the dose–response curves varied across studies. In addition, some OC pesticides and PCBs predicted future adiposity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance among participants without diabetes. Recent animal experimental studies also demonstrated that the exposure to low dose POPs developed abdominal obesity, hepatosteatosis, and insulin resistance, which are pre-diabetic conditions. As the general population is simultaneously exposed to various POPs from food consumption or the internal source of POPs previously accumulated in adipose tissue, the recent findings on POPs could help to explain why these metabolic abnormalities tend to occur as a cluster. Taken together with both epidemiological and experimental findings on POPs, the background exposure to POPs may help to explain the recent epidemic of metabolic syndrome and T2D. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.111
W02-2 Persistent organic pollutants and cardiovascular disease Lars Lind Uppsala University, Sweden Cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction, stroke and heart failure, are the major killers in the industrialized part of the world. Major risk factors for those disorders are smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and visceral obesity. Although not originally considered as major targets for toxicity of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), it has now been shown in epidemiological studies that alterations in the function in the cardiovascular system and overt cardiovascular diseases are linked to exposure to POPs. It is furthermore evident that POPs could have a role in the development of major cardiovascular risk factors. This review will summarize the evidences that POPs could play a role in cardiac dysfunction, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in humans, and discuss the role of major cardiovascular risk factors in this respect. It will also discuss evidences for a possible role for some other kinds of environmental contaminants, such as the plastic associated compounds bisphenol A and phthalates, in cardiovascular disease.
W02-1 Low dose persistent organic pollutants and diabetes
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.112
Duk-Hee Lee
W02-3 Obesogenic effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals
Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea Juliette Legler Recently, there is growing evidence that low dose exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) is involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Many cross-sectional epidemiological studies showed associations between T2D and a variety of chlorinated POPs including PCBs, dioxins, and organochlorine (OC) pesticides such as DDT or Chlordane. A cross-sectional study in the U.S. general population observed that obesity was not associated with T2D among persons with very low levels of POPs, which would suggest that the POPs accumulated in adipose tissue may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of T2D.
VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands The research project “OBesogenic Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs): LInking prenatal eXposure to the development of obesity later in life” (OBELIX) is a four-year project which started in May 2009. OBELIX addresses the following five objectives: (1) to assess human perinatal exposure to major classes of EDCs, i.e. bisphenol A, dioxin-like compounds, non- dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, brominated flame retardants, phthalates and perfluorinated compounds using
W01-4 Lead poisoning in pregnancy – sources, biomarkers, clinical features and management Simon Thomas Newcastle University, United Kingdom Mean population blood lead concentrations have been decreasing in developed countries recently, with sharp reductions in those with lead concentrations >10 mcg/dL, although lead exposure remains common in the developing world. Lead concentrations in maternal blood may increase further as a result of mobilisation from bone stores during pregnancy. Lead crosses the placenta and concentrations in cord blood correlate with those in maternal blood. Adverse consequences of maternal lead exposure include spontaneous abortion, congenital malformations (inconsistent evidence), maternal hypertension, reduced fetal growth and head circumference, premature birth and neurodevelopmental delay, the latter correlated with increases in maternal blood lead concentrations and other biomarkers of longer term lead exposure, e.g. increased bone concentrations measured by X-ray fluorescence (Gomaa et al., 2002). Effects on neurodevelopment are seen at blood lead concentrations below currently recommended workplace exposure limits (Jusko et al., 2007). Management of lead poisoning during pregnancy includes remove from further exposure, provision of calcium, iron, folate and zinc supplements. Evidence that the benefits of chelation exceed risks are limited but there are anecdotal reports of successful use in humans. Further efforts to reduce population lead exposure remain essential, with women of childbearing potential a key target group. No level of exposure is regarded as safe; limited reductions in population exposure may result in important reductions in the proportion of children with severe neurodevelopmental effects.
References Gomaa, A., et al., 2002. Pediatrics 110 (1 Pt 1), 110–118. Jusko, T.A., et al., 2007. Environ Health Perspect. 116, 243–248.
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.807 W2: New Target Organ Toxicities of Environmental Contaminants
S25
Following these cross-sectional findings, several recent prospective studies have observed that some OC pesticides and PCBs predicted the future risk of T2D in the general population although the specific kinds of POPs predicting T2D and the shapes of the dose–response curves varied across studies. In addition, some OC pesticides and PCBs predicted future adiposity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance among participants without diabetes. Recent animal experimental studies also demonstrated that the exposure to low dose POPs developed abdominal obesity, hepatosteatosis, and insulin resistance, which are pre-diabetic conditions. As the general population is simultaneously exposed to various POPs from food consumption or the internal source of POPs previously accumulated in adipose tissue, the recent findings on POPs could help to explain why these metabolic abnormalities tend to occur as a cluster. Taken together with both epidemiological and experimental findings on POPs, the background exposure to POPs may help to explain the recent epidemic of metabolic syndrome and T2D. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.111
W02-2 Persistent organic pollutants and cardiovascular disease Lars Lind Uppsala University, Sweden Cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction, stroke and heart failure, are the major killers in the industrialized part of the world. Major risk factors for those disorders are smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and visceral obesity. Although not originally considered as major targets for toxicity of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), it has now been shown in epidemiological studies that alterations in the function in the cardiovascular system and overt cardiovascular diseases are linked to exposure to POPs. It is furthermore evident that POPs could have a role in the development of major cardiovascular risk factors. This review will summarize the evidences that POPs could play a role in cardiac dysfunction, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in humans, and discuss the role of major cardiovascular risk factors in this respect. It will also discuss evidences for a possible role for some other kinds of environmental contaminants, such as the plastic associated compounds bisphenol A and phthalates, in cardiovascular disease.
W02-1 Low dose persistent organic pollutants and diabetes
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.112
Duk-Hee Lee
W02-3 Obesogenic effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals
Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea Juliette Legler Recently, there is growing evidence that low dose exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) is involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Many cross-sectional epidemiological studies showed associations between T2D and a variety of chlorinated POPs including PCBs, dioxins, and organochlorine (OC) pesticides such as DDT or Chlordane. A cross-sectional study in the U.S. general population observed that obesity was not associated with T2D among persons with very low levels of POPs, which would suggest that the POPs accumulated in adipose tissue may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of T2D.
VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands The research project “OBesogenic Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs): LInking prenatal eXposure to the development of obesity later in life” (OBELIX) is a four-year project which started in May 2009. OBELIX addresses the following five objectives: (1) to assess human perinatal exposure to major classes of EDCs, i.e. bisphenol A, dioxin-like compounds, non- dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, brominated flame retardants, phthalates and perfluorinated compounds using