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conditioning for integrated gasification combined cycle
03 Gaseous fuels (derived gaseous fuels) exchange heat with a high temperature gas generated by the coal gasification. In the method, a remarkably higher efficiency and low carbon dioxide emission is attained.
02/01917 Modelling and simulation of bubbling fluidized bed gasification reactors Hamel, S. and Krumm, W. Recents Progres en Genie des Procedes, 2000, 14, (76), 519-526. A mathematical model for the simulation of the gasification process of solid fuels in atmospheric or pressurized bubbling fluidized beds incorporating bed and freeboard hydrodynamics, fuel drying and devolatilization and chemical reaction kinetics is presented. The model has been used to simulate four bubbling fluidized bed gasifiers, described in literature, of different scales from atmospheric laboratories scale up to pressurized scale, processing brown coal, peat and sawdust. The gasifiers have been operated within a wide range of parameters using air, air/steam or oxygen/steam as gasification agent, operating with or without recirculation of fines at operating pressures up to 2.5 MPa. The simulation results for overall carbon conversion, temperature and concentrations of gaseous species agree sufficiently well with the published experimental data.
02/01918
Nonconventional gas produced from coal
Kreinin, G. V. Gazov. Prom-st., 2001, (8), 64-67. (In Russian) Importance of non-conventional natural gas produced from coal is growing since the resources of oil and natural gas are limited. One of most promising ways to achieve this goal is underground coal seam gasification. This technology can be basically considered as environmentally safe.
02/01919 Novel gas cleaning/conditioning for integrated gasification combined cycle Abbasian, J. et al. Proceedings - Annual International Pittsburgh Coal conference, 2000, (17); 1024-1039. The Siemens Westing-house Power Corporation (SWPC), working with the Institute of Gas Technology (IGT), is developing an innovative process for hot syngas cleanup, the 'Ultra-Clean Gas Cleanup Process,' to meet the needs of advanced IGCC-based co-production of electric power and chemical or fuel products. This process has two cleanup stages integrated in series, that will reduce the concentration of the primary contaminants (H2S, HCI, particulate) to about the 1 ppm level in the first stage (a moving-bed filter-reactor) and will further reduce the contaminants to the required ppb level (i.e. H2S < 60 ppbv; HCI < 10 ppbv; particulate < 0.1 ppmw) in the second stage (a barrier filterreactor). The first stage injects fine sorbent particles (sodium-based) into the hot fuel gas stream for halide removal, and it feeds regenerable sorbent pellets (Zn- and/or Cu-based) to a moving-bed filter-reactor. The moving-bed filter-reactor performs thorough fuel gas desulphurization, halide removal, and particulate removal using the sorbent pellets as bed media. In the second stage, the fuel gas exiting from the moving-bed filter-reactor is further injected with highly reactive, fine particles of zinc oxide or copper oxide for sulphur removal and/or sodium-based sorbents for halide removal before entering a barrier filter-reactor for final particulate removal. In this paper, the UltraClean Gas Cleanup Process is described in detail. The rationale for the technical approach adopted, laboratory simulation of the process and operating conditions, sorbent/material requirements, and basis for material selection are outlined. Gas sampling and measurement procedures using gas and ion chromatography techniques are described and their reliability and accuracy are demonstrated.
02/01920 One dimensional numerical simulation of coal gasification in an industrial, jetting, fluidized-bed gasifier Duan, Y. et al. Proceedings o f the International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion, 2001, (16), 245-252. A one-dimensional numerical model was developed to simulate coal gasification in an industrial, jetting, fluidized-bed gasifier with a V-type distributor. This model incorporates (1) gas-particle two-phase flow, (2) how volatiles escape from coal, (3) char combustion and gasification, and (4) heat and material balances. The model also considers a simple volatile escaping model and fly ash recycling. The gasifier is divided into three zones along the bed height: the grid zone, bubble zone, and freeboard, With reasonable assumptions for each zone, the flow-field, temperature profile, and gas compositions were simulated for a typical case. The model agrees quality with experimental data.
02/01921 industry
02•01922 Producing coal gas by half water gas mixed with exhaust of synthetic ammonia from fertilizer plants Zhou, M. et al. Xiandai Huagong, 2001, 2I, (7), 38-40. (In Chinese) The technique of producing synthetic coal gas by half water gas mixed with exhaust of synthetic ammonia from fertilizer plants was introduced. The best volume proportion of exhaust and half water gas was 3:1, and the quality of synthetic coal gas can reach the requirements.
02/01923 R&D strategies of clean coal technology in Korea: development case of IGCC Technology Lee, I. Y. et al. Proceedings - Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference, 2000, (17), 1431-1441. The integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) is regarded as the most practical coal-utilizing power generation technology that can meet the ever-stringent environmental regulations of the 21st century. Research boundary has broadened to every possible feedstocks that are applicable to the IGCC technology and more emphasis was placed upon the practical results that would be produced. The IGCC research and development situations in the developing countries are discussed, focusing on the IGCC technology in Korea.
02/01924 Rapid steam gasification of char formed by flash pyrolysis of low-rank coals Takahashi, 17. et al. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 2000, (17), 545-556. Pulverized Yallourn and Loy Yang brown coals were pyrolysed in a drop-tube reactor (DTR) under the following conditions: temperature; 1073-1173 K, average gas/particles residence time in the isothermal zone; 14-15/4-5 s, atmosphere; nitrogen gas or nitrogen/steam mixed gases (60/40 in volume), total gas pressure; 0.1 MPa. The pyrolysis in the presence of steam gave the total carbon conversion into volatile products greater than that in its absence. The difference in the total conversion was explained quantity by the steam gasification of char and suppressed deposition of coke from tar vapour onto char particles surface and the reactor wall, which was accompanied by the enhanced steam reforming of tar into carbon oxides and hydrogen. At 1173 K and for Yallourn coat, the total conversion increased from 36% to 58% by the progress of steam gasification and reforming, the latter of which contributed to nearly complete conversion of nascent tar into gases, 98%. Rapid steam gasification of char was further investigated employing a novel drop-tube/fixed-bed reactor (DT/FBR). A small amount of coal particles was blown onto a filter in the reactor and then pyrolysed. The volatiles were swept in situ out of the vicinities of particles by a forced flow of nitrogen-steam while the particles remained exposed to the flow for a desired period. Rapid steam gasification was found to convert =25% of nascent char from Yallourn coal in only 5 s. The char conversion further increased over 80% in 200 and 60 s, respectively at 1173 and 1223 K. The results are thus consistent with those for the pyrolysis in DTR and also indicative of the existence of a component highly reactive to steam, like so-called "rapid carbon', in initial char.
02/01925 Strategies for advanced research and commercialization in synthesis gas conversion Nowak, M. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgb Coal Conf., 2000, (17), 373397. NETL's Transportation Fuels and Chemicals Program is focusing on several key areas, the most promising being advanced Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) conversion technology and a concept for the efficient use of coal and other carbonaceous feedstock to coproduce electrical power and liquid fuels/chemicals in an integrated facility. Coproduction of fuels, chemicals, and power was shown to provide significant economic and environmental benefits over production of these same products at separate plants. Technological advances are also being sought for the conversion of synthesis gas from a diversity of resources to fuels for ultra-low emission vehicles. This presentation covers a wide range of topics: (1) advanced reactor technology, (2) the potential for non-fuel products to improve F-T economics, (3) the Coproduction Initiative, and (4) the Ultra-Clean Fuels Initiative.
Potential of gasification in the US refining
Gray, D. and Tomlinson, G. Proceedings - Annual Interna4ional Pittsburgh Coal Conference, 2000, (17), 81 87. A study was undertaken to assess the potential of using petroleum coke in the US refineries as a feed to produce a variety of products including hydrogen, electric power, and Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) fuels. The approach was taken to identify those US refineries that currently
250
produce enough coke to warrant gasification facilities. Several scenarios were investigated including production of combinations of hydrogen, power, and F-T liquids. This approach identified the preferred product combinations in terms of those yielding the shortest payback periods. The current and future US refinery situation and macroscopic economic analysis of US refineries are discussed.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts July 2002
02/01926 The effect of microcrystalline changes on gasification reactivity of char Zhao, W. et al. Proe. - Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf. , 2000, (17), 2180-2184. The property of char surface has been investigated in this paper. The oxidation does not produce substantial changes in its microcrystal structure. The interlayer distance does not change significantly. The
02/01917 Modelling and simulation of bubbling fluidized bed gasification reactors Hamel, S. and Krumm, W. Recents Progres en Genie des Procedes, 2000, 14, (76), 519-526. A mathematical model for the simulation of the gasification process of solid fuels in atmospheric or pressurized bubbling fluidized beds incorporating bed and freeboard hydrodynamics, fuel drying and devolatilization and chemical reaction kinetics is presented. The model has been used to simulate four bubbling fluidized bed gasifiers, described in literature, of different scales from atmospheric laboratories scale up to pressurized scale, processing brown coal, peat and sawdust. The gasifiers have been operated within a wide range of parameters using air, air/steam or oxygen/steam as gasification agent, operating with or without recirculation of fines at operating pressures up to 2.5 MPa. The simulation results for overall carbon conversion, temperature and concentrations of gaseous species agree sufficiently well with the published experimental data.
02/01918
Nonconventional gas produced from coal
Kreinin, G. V. Gazov. Prom-st., 2001, (8), 64-67. (In Russian) Importance of non-conventional natural gas produced from coal is growing since the resources of oil and natural gas are limited. One of most promising ways to achieve this goal is underground coal seam gasification. This technology can be basically considered as environmentally safe.
02/01919 Novel gas cleaning/conditioning for integrated gasification combined cycle Abbasian, J. et al. Proceedings - Annual International Pittsburgh Coal conference, 2000, (17); 1024-1039. The Siemens Westing-house Power Corporation (SWPC), working with the Institute of Gas Technology (IGT), is developing an innovative process for hot syngas cleanup, the 'Ultra-Clean Gas Cleanup Process,' to meet the needs of advanced IGCC-based co-production of electric power and chemical or fuel products. This process has two cleanup stages integrated in series, that will reduce the concentration of the primary contaminants (H2S, HCI, particulate) to about the 1 ppm level in the first stage (a moving-bed filter-reactor) and will further reduce the contaminants to the required ppb level (i.e. H2S < 60 ppbv; HCI < 10 ppbv; particulate < 0.1 ppmw) in the second stage (a barrier filterreactor). The first stage injects fine sorbent particles (sodium-based) into the hot fuel gas stream for halide removal, and it feeds regenerable sorbent pellets (Zn- and/or Cu-based) to a moving-bed filter-reactor. The moving-bed filter-reactor performs thorough fuel gas desulphurization, halide removal, and particulate removal using the sorbent pellets as bed media. In the second stage, the fuel gas exiting from the moving-bed filter-reactor is further injected with highly reactive, fine particles of zinc oxide or copper oxide for sulphur removal and/or sodium-based sorbents for halide removal before entering a barrier filter-reactor for final particulate removal. In this paper, the UltraClean Gas Cleanup Process is described in detail. The rationale for the technical approach adopted, laboratory simulation of the process and operating conditions, sorbent/material requirements, and basis for material selection are outlined. Gas sampling and measurement procedures using gas and ion chromatography techniques are described and their reliability and accuracy are demonstrated.
02/01920 One dimensional numerical simulation of coal gasification in an industrial, jetting, fluidized-bed gasifier Duan, Y. et al. Proceedings o f the International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion, 2001, (16), 245-252. A one-dimensional numerical model was developed to simulate coal gasification in an industrial, jetting, fluidized-bed gasifier with a V-type distributor. This model incorporates (1) gas-particle two-phase flow, (2) how volatiles escape from coal, (3) char combustion and gasification, and (4) heat and material balances. The model also considers a simple volatile escaping model and fly ash recycling. The gasifier is divided into three zones along the bed height: the grid zone, bubble zone, and freeboard, With reasonable assumptions for each zone, the flow-field, temperature profile, and gas compositions were simulated for a typical case. The model agrees quality with experimental data.
02/01921 industry
02•01922 Producing coal gas by half water gas mixed with exhaust of synthetic ammonia from fertilizer plants Zhou, M. et al. Xiandai Huagong, 2001, 2I, (7), 38-40. (In Chinese) The technique of producing synthetic coal gas by half water gas mixed with exhaust of synthetic ammonia from fertilizer plants was introduced. The best volume proportion of exhaust and half water gas was 3:1, and the quality of synthetic coal gas can reach the requirements.
02/01923 R&D strategies of clean coal technology in Korea: development case of IGCC Technology Lee, I. Y. et al. Proceedings - Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference, 2000, (17), 1431-1441. The integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) is regarded as the most practical coal-utilizing power generation technology that can meet the ever-stringent environmental regulations of the 21st century. Research boundary has broadened to every possible feedstocks that are applicable to the IGCC technology and more emphasis was placed upon the practical results that would be produced. The IGCC research and development situations in the developing countries are discussed, focusing on the IGCC technology in Korea.
02/01924 Rapid steam gasification of char formed by flash pyrolysis of low-rank coals Takahashi, 17. et al. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 2000, (17), 545-556. Pulverized Yallourn and Loy Yang brown coals were pyrolysed in a drop-tube reactor (DTR) under the following conditions: temperature; 1073-1173 K, average gas/particles residence time in the isothermal zone; 14-15/4-5 s, atmosphere; nitrogen gas or nitrogen/steam mixed gases (60/40 in volume), total gas pressure; 0.1 MPa. The pyrolysis in the presence of steam gave the total carbon conversion into volatile products greater than that in its absence. The difference in the total conversion was explained quantity by the steam gasification of char and suppressed deposition of coke from tar vapour onto char particles surface and the reactor wall, which was accompanied by the enhanced steam reforming of tar into carbon oxides and hydrogen. At 1173 K and for Yallourn coat, the total conversion increased from 36% to 58% by the progress of steam gasification and reforming, the latter of which contributed to nearly complete conversion of nascent tar into gases, 98%. Rapid steam gasification of char was further investigated employing a novel drop-tube/fixed-bed reactor (DT/FBR). A small amount of coal particles was blown onto a filter in the reactor and then pyrolysed. The volatiles were swept in situ out of the vicinities of particles by a forced flow of nitrogen-steam while the particles remained exposed to the flow for a desired period. Rapid steam gasification was found to convert =25% of nascent char from Yallourn coal in only 5 s. The char conversion further increased over 80% in 200 and 60 s, respectively at 1173 and 1223 K. The results are thus consistent with those for the pyrolysis in DTR and also indicative of the existence of a component highly reactive to steam, like so-called "rapid carbon', in initial char.
02/01925 Strategies for advanced research and commercialization in synthesis gas conversion Nowak, M. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgb Coal Conf., 2000, (17), 373397. NETL's Transportation Fuels and Chemicals Program is focusing on several key areas, the most promising being advanced Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) conversion technology and a concept for the efficient use of coal and other carbonaceous feedstock to coproduce electrical power and liquid fuels/chemicals in an integrated facility. Coproduction of fuels, chemicals, and power was shown to provide significant economic and environmental benefits over production of these same products at separate plants. Technological advances are also being sought for the conversion of synthesis gas from a diversity of resources to fuels for ultra-low emission vehicles. This presentation covers a wide range of topics: (1) advanced reactor technology, (2) the potential for non-fuel products to improve F-T economics, (3) the Coproduction Initiative, and (4) the Ultra-Clean Fuels Initiative.
Potential of gasification in the US refining
Gray, D. and Tomlinson, G. Proceedings - Annual Interna4ional Pittsburgh Coal Conference, 2000, (17), 81 87. A study was undertaken to assess the potential of using petroleum coke in the US refineries as a feed to produce a variety of products including hydrogen, electric power, and Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) fuels. The approach was taken to identify those US refineries that currently
250
produce enough coke to warrant gasification facilities. Several scenarios were investigated including production of combinations of hydrogen, power, and F-T liquids. This approach identified the preferred product combinations in terms of those yielding the shortest payback periods. The current and future US refinery situation and macroscopic economic analysis of US refineries are discussed.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts July 2002
02/01926 The effect of microcrystalline changes on gasification reactivity of char Zhao, W. et al. Proe. - Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf. , 2000, (17), 2180-2184. The property of char surface has been investigated in this paper. The oxidation does not produce substantial changes in its microcrystal structure. The interlayer distance does not change significantly. The