isopropanol mixtures

were

obtained

module

with

over

those

the

helical

optimum

linear

(forward

for rhe

module. S.

rime,

Luque,

Gehlert,

H.

Mallubhotla,

R. Kuriyel,

S. Pearl,

G.

S. Dzengeleski,

G. Belfort:

(5

1999).

effect

facilitated

of

solvents

transport

acid

feed phase,

membrane

receiving

the

phase

phase

had

rhe

Applied

pressure,

0.7

With

and same

also

hydrophobic

that

wetted

0n

Ag’ and

was

The conraminarion

as the support.

The

solvent

fouling

with

in

rhe

membrane

0.5

correlated

well

wirh

rhe

operating

number had

(DN)

the

of the solvents

maximum

about

25

constants Ag’ and from

kcal/mol. of

complexes

DHA-Et

the

increased

rhe

kcal/mol,

that

is

\oIvent.

Ag-salt

form

the 19

precipitation

aqueous

showed

rhe

of DHA-Er

membrane.

prepared

in

When

x

60”(:.

two non-solvcnrs, solvenr traditional investigated.

from

membrane

membrane, factors

while

and

DHA-b-t

the

the

between

high of the

faciliration

selectivities

Nafion

ot

of

in glycerin

and

[he increaTe remprrature

of

the

experimental

were found

to enhance

permeances

because

larger membrane

swelling.

of

the

H. Matsuyama,

Y. Kitamura,

Y. Marsuba:

Tf Membrane Science

159(1-2)

_J l-10

Y. Doi,

wcrc

solid/liquid phase

different

morphologies de-mixing

obtained

by

<:eramic

emulsion

propanol,

respectively,

rhe co-solvent used

characteristics treafmrnl oiliwatel-

precipitating

wirh different

and

pore

were evaluated

of an

unsrable studies

10

invesrigare

through

size

contrast,

for the

as the

secondary

emulsion.

experimental underraken

it

The were the

showed

operating

proportional

These

eEecrs containing

rdfic

component.

Ill

rhe

composite

O-IO%

to

severe fluctuation any

feed

concenrracion

homogeneous ceramic W.H.

Hong,

wacel

No

range

Developments

a[ b)

mem-

Research Trends

_/. “f

latest

29-39

rapidly

and

cellular obtained

de-mixing.

when 2-propanol precipitation

In

was used

medium, de-mixing

it and

particulare formed.

of membrane

The

formarion

membrane

research

(1 July 1999).

precipitarfon a

and applications

around the world

support. Hong:

Membrane Science 159( l-2)

to precipirate

Features

around

PDMS

brane withour

When

operating

was observed

Y.K.

and

Contracts of

of IPA in feed mixture.

using

news

New product releases

of

case

with

Iwo

Industry trends Commercial

each

fl ucruarion

on the

month News

the

of

I’DMSiceramic

Next

effects

by measuring

permeation

(I luiy 1999).

capillary

and plasricising

were investigared

t la: ,/. (4‘ I-2) 4 l-4(,

C.L.

of

ro the

remperaturc.

coupling

Y.M. I.ec. S.Y. Nani,

Membrane .Sciewr 159(

of PDMS

rhat rhe selectivity

IPA is inversely

w.i\

at over Xi wt%i.

is dominant,

observed

were

were

mean\

of

watct

II’A in feed

2-

crystallisation-induced principles

20 wr%

ia

rhar

wa

live

feed II’A

by IPA. In

rhe ptasticisation

be

system,

morphologies

than

ratio,

showed

delayed

rhan

which

of water,

of PDMS

waler

the

liquid/liquid

dominant

plasricisarion

rates could

system. as

morphologies

membranes

distriburionc

using

condensation

temperarure,

and

mcmbranc

with irlct-rahing

maintained

pores, on selectivirie5

we,-c

flux through

I’ANilPAA~

decredbed

range, rhe effect

permeation

diagram.

ternary

Permeate

~dtel

100 u&,

.md

In rhis composirion

de-mixing the

grid

perme‘itc’

in the permeate

to relate the

morphologies

3OOgim’h

rhan

.m
concentratiorl

membrane,

de-mixing

mote

tlux in

respecrively. the

irk 30 wr”;rl

PAAc \howed that

‘1%~

with the PAAc

of tip

20 wt”! of IPA in rhe feed mixture.

at

of liquid/liquid

medium,

Oil/water treatment

0 I1 the diagram

about

watct

I’ANiiI’AAc

contalnillg

in

to

of the

white

condensarion

system,

based phase

Ir was attempted

membrane

was

(1 July 1939).

~‘1s

non-solvent

of the membrane

ternary-

influence

different

pair,

rhe co-solvenr

sIructureb, complex

and

the

using

in rhe range from 0 to

by IPA in rhe feed

in which rhey are mixed

to produce

60°C.

DHA-Er

heat-rreatment

membrane

proportion

two

selectiviries

with operating

The

formation

‘fhe

and the prediction

rhe complexation Ag’ and

was pool-. The

the

was

ro ethyl ester of oleic acid

were low because abiliry

in Na

of rhe high swelling

increased

resulrs

rhc

increareti ratio

conccnIrdtion

composire

mixtures

solvenr/non-solvent

for rhe membrane

the permeance

However,

of PAAc towards flus

30 u t%

operating

bccauhc

affinity

mixing

wt%.

inLreased

water

Membrane\

inversely

flux

of

of w;1

in the 9’

concenlration,

more

as d co-

content

rnembl-ane

g/m%

membrane a

support,

PL)MS/ceramic

more

replacing

200

membrane

ceramic

immersion-

serving

system,

abour

using

PDMS

in ceramic

use of

was d

of IPA in rhe pervaporation

co-solvent by

permeate

membrane.

temperarure.

water-2-propanol

were

DMF, DMA and TBP were used as

because

composire pervaporarion,

was rhen higher

from

causeti

disordered

the

dc~.~-e~~sc~Ito

while

(PDMS)/

ro

membranes

When

1PA

using

by

of IPA were

poly(ethylenr-co-vinyl

rhe solvent, salt

out

poly(dimerhylsiloxane)

selectiviries

membranes

(EVAL)

mixture

proporGonal

(1 July 1999).

Crystalline

of

(isopropanol)/warer

of capillary

constants,

DN of about

pcrmeance

pervaporation

the

E. Julien, Y. Aurelle:

membrane\‘

permeate

using

Moreover,

I’ANi

and

i h alns

20 w&0, water conccnudtion

I I-20

alcohol)

the

luiy

.i\ ‘1%‘.

hirrdrancc 01. PAAc

structure\.

(1

high

Xlo}“~~.d

mernbrdll0.

bulkinecs

J, of’Membrzne

Ceramic supports

without

were larger

hc

PAAL in the doped

/. of‘ Membrane Science 159( I-2)

of

I .-Y.

21-27

when

pressure.

EVAL polymer

Hsieh,

1999).

obtained

wirh

melhanoI

Y.-S. Huang:

temperature

membrane

an

(Ihen,

P Srijaroonrat,

of DN

C.-c:.

homogeneou\

consrant

and the stability

Young,

For

membrane.

rhe sizes of oil droplers

110[1-

dehydration

because

pores.

capillary

;I

.mcl cxhibltcd \t.it>illtb

conformation

7-H.

between

rhe solvent

highest

rhan

to

solverilirlon-solvenr-potylilrl-

ceramic

induced

of rhe permearc

pressure

(0

membrane

From the balance on

pm

enough

cxrrnded

than in rhe feed.

equilibrium

The stability

effects

swelling

of

the

be

Stability

with the decrease

of rhe solvents. two

were

extraction

experiments.

and

ar a DN

of

oil was observed

contents

donor

and

can

carried

hydrophobic

surf:lce

more

used

membranes,

the

membrane

than

(N?/ll’i.

oxidation

The

rhe oil was easily

was

membrane

membranes,

hydrophilic

indicating

flux.

pyrrolidone a high

a II

rhe

to be lower

solvenr. The carrier of DHA-Et Nafion

on

sysrems

non-s~)lvenr/solvent-l~ot~ltller

Science 159(1-2)

and feed have

influence

flux was found

to be

respecrivcly.

velocity

tar rhe rcrnary

with

system.

reverse

found

\,

feed

oprimum

and

were

and

with

where

established

the best

‘l‘hr

time

1 min

important

(DHA-Et)

in the system

flux. filtration

filtration

and

to obtain

concenrrarion

of ethyl ester of

docosahexaenoic was studied

on

conditions

velocity

concentrarion) forward

Influence of solvents on facilitated transport The

pressure,

permeate

Hiotecbnolo~

& Hioengineering 65(3) 243-257 November

operating

and reverse back-flushing

Patents

Pervaporation of waterlisopropanol mixtures Polyaniline by

wirh

(PAAc) aqueous membranes solurion

membrane

patents

(PANi) was synrhesised

oxidarive

doped

World, US and European

for

polymerisation poly(acrylic pervaporarion isopropanol. were

blending

NetScope The best membrane

of

sites

I’ANi

prepared with

and acid)

by

/v-methyl

.-m-

Membrane Technology No. 118