Principles of tunnel lining design

251A presented and chosen construction methods, construction machinery, de,,atering techniques and observed settlement arc described. 866287 North America's longest railway tunnel drives hard through Canadian Rockies Martin, D Tunn Technol Newsl N52. Dec 1985. PI-6 The longest railway tunnel in North America is currently under construction through the Selkirk Mountains in B.C, Canada. An account of its progress is presented. 866288 Principles of tunnel lining design Kuesel, T R Tunn Technol Newsl N53. March 1986. PI-8 Tunnel lining requirements in soft ground, squeezing ground and hard rock are considered. The ground loads, gravitational and hydrological, lining bchaviour under ground loads, necessary lining properties and stress analysis around a tunnel are examined, 866289 Hydrocarbon production from underground excavations Markland, J T Tunn Tunnlg 1"/8, N5, May 1986. P47-51 Underground excavations arc presently used in the extraction of liquid hydrocarbons by the gravity drainage method, but sevcral schemes have been proposed for tunnelling to ofl~horc oilticlds. Problems posed by equipment limitations, ground conditions and the logistics of tunnelling and cxcavating under the sea bed arc discussed. 866290 Tunnelling in Hong Knng McFcat-Smith, I Tunn Yunnlg VI8. N6. June 19,~'6, P39-44 Expcricnce drawn from 14 major tunnelling projccts is used to illustrate the nature of the problems encountcrcd and their solutions. Ground conditions encountered include volcanic, granitic and sedimentary rocks, in various states of weathering, and reclaimed ground. Details of tunnelling conditions and support requirements for rock tunnelling are given and a rckttively simple rock classification scheme has bccn dcvclopcd to categorise temporary support requirements. Ground conditions,ground treatment, settlement and excavation and support methods arc described for soft ground and mixed face tunnelling. The site investigation requirements, administrative and contractual procedures are also discussed. 866291 Heading failure of lined tunnels in soft soils EIIstein, A Tunn Tunnlg VIS, .V6. Jlozc 1986. P51-54 From analysis of results of centrifuge tests (Kimura and Mair, 1981) it is possible to derive an empirical expression for stability number and to calculate factors of safety. Calculated factors of safety arc in excellent agreement with those measured from the model tests. This analysis is carried out for lined tunnels with no headway, lined tunnels with some advancc and shield driven tunnels. The validity of the theory is supported by refcrencc to tunnels in Mcxico City. A polynomial is provided to determine the radius of the undisturbed body that collapses when failure o c c u r s .

866292 Geotechnical investigation for tunnels in glacial soils Neyer. J C Proe o f the 1985 Rapid Excaration and Tunneling Conference, New York, 16-20 June 1985 VI. P3-I5. Publ New York. AIME, 1985 The available techniques for geotechnical exploration in glacial soils are examined. The relationship between subsurface conditions predicted by various techniques and conditions actually encountered during tunnel construction are discussed. Potential improvements in the planning and implementation of geotechnical explorations are noted. Case histories of geotechnical exploration and tunnel construction in glacial soils are also reviewed. 866293 Geotechnical investigation, design and construction of the Km 80/86 tunnels, Tumbler Ridge Branchline, B.C Martin, D C; Pearce, R A; Steward, A J; Hcndry, R D Proc o f the 1985 Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference, New York, 16-20 June 1985 VI. P17-35. Puhl New York: AIME. 1985 The gcotcchnical exploration and dcsign approach utilized for the Km 80 and Km 86 Tunnels on the B.C. Railway Tumbler Ridge Branchline arc outlined. Information from surlace mapping, trcnching and diamond drilling was used to prepare a rational support design using accepted rock mass classification systems. Four possible support systems were proposed, two based on resin grouted bolts, one on shotcrcte, one on pumped concrete with steel sets, to accommodate different underground conditions expected. The contract provided flexibility to enable selection of the most suitable support according to underground conditions actually encountered. 866294 Ground deformations ahead of and adjacent to a TBM in sheared shales at Stillwater Tunnel, Utah Robinson, R A; Cording, E J; Roberts, D A: Phienwega, N: Mahar, J W; Parker, H W Proc o f the 1985 Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference, New York, 16-20 June 1985 VI, P34-53. Puhl New York. AIME. 1985 Horizontal inclinometer and deflectometer casings were used to measure deformations up to 15.2m ahead oi" and adjacent to the heading in highly fractured and sheared shales at the Stillwater Tunnel. The measurements were compared with borehole extensometer and tape extensometer deformations to evaluate ground movements in advance of, adjacent to, and behind an advancing tunnel heading. Ground deformation of up to 127ram occurred during passage of the innovative "walking blade-gripper" TBM. Deformations were compared with curvometer/distometer and vibrating wire strain gauge data from steel ribs to access rock-support interaction. Auth. 866295 Tunneling in saprolites - soil or rock? Myers-Bohlke, B; Brekke, T L Proc o f the 1985 Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference, New York, 16-20 June 1985 VI. P54-60. Puhl New York: AIME. 1985 Saprolite is defined as products of in situ weathering of rock, with properties intermediate between those of soil and rock. Saprolite behaviour in terms of construction and design of tunnels and shafts is discussed.

¢ 1986 Pergamon Journals Ltd. Reproduction not permitted