Recovering raw phenol from coal-tar-phenolic water

Recovering raw phenol from coal-tar-phenolic water

05 Nuclear fuels (scientific, technical) 03/00602 Experiment study on impacts of FA electrification on scaling in wet ash transport system in coal-fir...

246KB Sizes 1 Downloads 116 Views

05 Nuclear fuels (scientific, technical) 03/00602 Experiment study on impacts of FA electrification on scaling in wet ash transport system in coal-fired power plant Liu, Z. et al. Huuhei Diunli Du\ur Xurhuo, 2002, 29, (3), 82 -85. (In Chinese) The impacts of electrification of fly ash (FA) by high voltage electrostatic and spark discharge in electrostatic precipitator on scale growth in wet ash transport systems are studied. The orthogonal experiments indicate the scale is substantially caused by electrification of FA. The impacts of electrification of FA on the growth of active CaO, [Ca*+], pH, and CaCOx are also studied experimental The results are of importance for the design and operation of the wet ash transport systems.

03/00603 Factors influencing and corrections of lowenergy y-ray penetration in ash analysis Cheng, B. et al. Chcngdu Ligong Xur~wan Xurhao. 2002, 29, (l), 65-6X. (In Chinese) This paper describes a coal ash analyser. The analyser uses the lowenergy -y-ray source 241Am, generating two energy peaks, one at 26.4 and another at 59.6 keV. Factors influencing the accuracy of ash analysis, including the size of coal, the ambient temperature, and coal water and major elements were studied.

03/00604 On the chemistry of the oxidative stabilization and carbonization of carbonaceous mesophase Fanjul, F. et ul. Fuel, 2002, 81, (16), 2061.-2070. Two mesophase samples, one derived from a coal-tar pitch (M-A) and the other from a naphthalene-based pitch (M-B), were stabilized with air in a temperature range of 200-300°C and then carbonized to 1000°C. Elemental analysis and FTIR spectroscopy were used to monitor the changes produced by oxygen in the chemical composition of the mesophase samples at different stages of stabilization (from 200 to 300°C) and after carbonization of the stabilized samples (from 300 to 1OOO’C). The results show that oxidative stabilization is a dehydrogenative process, where the hydrogen removed is predominantly aliphatic and the oxygen uptake is mainly in the form of C-O-C and C=O groups. The more aliphatic character of M-B accelerates the stabilization process with respect to M-A. M-B shows a higher weight gain and also a greater variety of oxygen-containing functional groups. As a result, the plasticity of M-B is more affected by changes in the stabilization temperature than that of M-A. Thus, the stabilization process is easier to control in the case of M-A. On carbonization, oxygen and hydrogen are removed from the stabilized samples and the carbons generated exhibit an increase in interlayer spacing and a decrease in crystallite size as the carbonization temperature increases.

03/00605 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from Candiota (South Brazilian) coal extracts Sanches Filho, P. J. et al. Polyc),clic Aromutic Compounds, 2002, 22. ( 1). 13-22. The bitumen composition of Candiota coal (South Brazil) was studied. Coal bitumen was produced by Soxhlet extraction using toluene. Two chromatography techniques were tested for bitumen fractionation: adsorption liquid chromatography on silica (ALCS) and adsorption liquid chromatography on alumina (ALCA). Results were compared in terms of the quality and quantity of hydrocarbons isolated. Several linear saturated hydrocarbons were found at 14-33 carbons. Pyrene, chrysene, and other polycyclic hydrocarbons with recognized mutagenic and carcinogenic properties were found in the aromatic fractions. Chromatography methodology using alumina shows better results in the fractionation of bitumen.

03/00606 Recovering raw phenol from coal-tar-phenolic water Jiang, J-H. and Wang, Y. Meitutt Jishu. 2002, 2 I. ( I), 36-37. (In Chinese) The features, applications and methods of recovering the raw phenol from coal-tar-phenolic water are introduced, especially the way of gravity-sedimentation, rectifying and solvent-extracting, the influence of all kinds of factors on recovery. This comprehensive process of raw phenol is profitable in economics, society and recovering environment. Refinement and application of anthracene, 03/00607 phenanthrene and carbazole from coal tar Zhou, W. and Wu, X. Mei Huagong, 2002, (l), l--5. (In Chinese) Anthracene, phenanthrene and carbazole are important components of coal tar. The separation, refinement and application of anthracene, phenanthrene and carbazole from coal tar are summarized systematically. 148

Fuel

and

Energy

Abstracts

May 2003

03/00608 The partitioning behaviour of boron from tourmaline during ashing of coal Boyd, R. J. Internutionul Journul of Coul Geology, 2002, 53, (I), 43-54. Boron is an environmentally sensitive element that may be present in high concentrations in some coals. Three modes of occurrence for boron in coal are commonly recognized, namely, bound to the organic fraction, locked into clay minerals (mainly illite), and bound within the crystal lattice of tourtnaline. The organically bound mode is generally considered to be the most likely. Following combustion in a pulverized fuel utility, boron is generally enriched in the fine fly ash waste, but in some cases, it may also escape with the flue gas, suggesting variable partitioning behaviour. There is concern that boron may be leached from fly ash disposal impounds at concentrations toxic to higher land plants. A coal sample from the D Seam of the Strongman No. 2 Mine, West Coast, South Island, New Zealand has been used to test the hypothesis that boron present in tourmaline is less volatile in coal combustion, implying that mode of occurrence is a key control on the partitioning behaviour of this element. Six sample subsets were doped with increasing amount!, of ground tourmaline. One subsample from each set was analysed by prompt gamma INAA to determine the concentration of boron in the coal. Two subsamples were ashed at 1000°C. One ash sample from each set was analysed for boron, while the other ash sample was leached according to Australian standards. It was found that the relationship between boron in the doped coal and boron in the ash is approximately linear (with some losses noted during ashing), indicating boron present in tourmaline was substantially retained in the ash. Furthermore, no relationship was found between the boron content of the ash and boron leached from the ash samples by reagent water. The results suggest boron present in coal as tourmaline is retained in the ash and is unavailable to the environment following fly ash disposal.

05

NUCLEAR Scientific,

FUELS

technical

03/00609 A fusion transmutation of waste reactor Stacey, W. M. et al. Fusion Engineering and Design, 2002, 63-64, 81 -86. A design concept and the performance characteristics for a fusion transmutation of waste reactor (FTWR) - a sub-critical fast reactor driven by a tokamak fusion neutron source - are presented. The present design concept is based on nuclear, processing and fusion technologies that either exist or are at an advanced stage of development and on the existing tokamak plasma physics database. A FTWR, operating with &<0.95 at a thermal power output of about 3 GW and with a fusion neutron source operating at Qp= 1.5.-2, could fission the transuranic content of about 100 metric tons of spent nuclear fuel per full-power-year and would be self-sufficient in both electricity and tritium production. In equilibrium, a nuclear fleet consisting of Light Water Reactors (LWRs) and FTWRs in the electrical power ratio of 3/l would reduce the actinides discharged from the LWRs in a once-through fuel cycle by 99.4% in the waste stream that must be stored in high-level waste repositories. 03/00610 A heterogeneous finite element method in diffusion theory Nichita, E. and Rahnema, F. Annuls of Nuclear Energ?‘, 2003, 30, (3), 117 347. A new heterogeneous finite element method (HFEM) is presented, which does not require prior assembly-level homogenization and which accounts for the leakage effect. The HFEM is developed in diffusion theory. The method is a Lagrange Finite element method, which uses basis functions that include fine mesh detail. The elementary basis functions are generated from fixed-boundary-flux fine mesh heteroThe FEM equations are generated geneous assembly calculations. using a Galerkin scheme derived from a variational principle. The method is tested on three two-dimensional configurations typical of Boiling Water Reactors, and is shown to be as accurate as the combination assembly homogenization-nodal method for low-leakage cores and significantly more accurate than the mentioned combination for high-leakage cores. 03/00611 A review of dust in fusion devices: Implications for safety and operational performance Sharpe, J. P. Ct (11.Fuyinn Engineering trnd Design. 3002. 63 64, I53

Ihi.