Techniques in protein chemistry. Second edition

Techniques in protein chemistry. Second edition

284 BOOK REVIEWS understanding of the factors which determine the intensities of Bragg diffracted beams. Thus the geometry of electron diffraction ...

130KB Sizes 2 Downloads 202 Views

284

BOOK

REVIEWS

understanding of the factors which determine the intensities of Bragg diffracted beams. Thus the geometry of electron diffraction patterns discussed in Chapters 5 and 6 is preceded by an exposition of the kinematical theory of electron diffraction in Chapter 4, presented primarily in the mathematical shorthand of the physicist and liberally diagrammed for clarity of presentation. In Chapter 5, methods fomr indexing the sharp spot diffraction patterns of infinite crystals, based on the reciprocal lattice construction developed in Chapter 4, are presented with appropriate examples, and, in Chapter 6, the causes of deviations from a sharp spot pattern are examined. The material in the chapters on electron diffraction is augmented by tables of atomic scattering amplitudes for electrons, electron wavelength data, and extinction distances in the appendix. Examples of indexed diffraction spot patterns and Kikuchi lines are also given. Both the kinematical and dynamic theories of image contrast are presented in detail as an introduction to the interpretation of transmitted images. The former deals with the contribution of diffracted electrons to image contrast, and the latter is concerned with the contribution of electron scattering and the dynamic interaction of the incident and scattered waves to image contrast. The theories are applied to the interpretation of images produced by dislocations, stacking faults, slip traces, particles of a second phase and other crystal defects, illustrated with numerous excellent electron micrographs. A chapter is devoted to Lorentz microscopy of magnetic domains in ferromagnetic materials, a relatively new application of the electron microscope. A chapter on miscellaneous applications goes into the measurement of foil thickness, dislocation density, particle size and density, and stacking fault energy. The final chapter discusses the phenomenon of inelastic scattering of electrons by crystals and its contribution to image contrast. In general, this book has achieved its stated purpose of being selective rather than comprehensive in the detailed subject matter. It is designed for the advanced student or professional who is already immersed in the electron microscopy of thin crystals. EMIL

BORYSKO, Research DivACon, Ethicon,

Inc., Somerville,

Rew Jersey

Techniques in Protein Chemistry. Second Edition. By J. LECCETT B.AILFC. Elsevier Publishing Co., Amsterdam, London, Xew York, 1967. xiv + 406 pp, $20.00. Microanalytical techniques are of value in many disciplines. This is particularly true of biochemistry where available material is frequently limited. Bailey’s “Techniques in Protein Chemistry” is a good example. The subject is biochemical but most of the treatment is micro, This book is a revised, enlarged edition of a well-known work. Gel filtration in various media and electrophorcsis in polyacrylamide gel are given detailed treatment. Ion exchange and paper chromatography, and high voltage electrophoresis for the determination of amino acids and peptides are discussed extensively. Cleavage of disulfide bonds, selective cleavage and N- and C- termina1 sequence are covered in detail along with zone electrophoresis and column chromatography of proteins, There is also a chapter devoted to miscellaneous analytical methods, primarily micro, including Goa’s microbiuret method for the quantitative determination

BOOK

285

KEVIEW’S

of protein. The last chapter is a fascinating account of peptide synthesis. This handbook. designed for bench-top use, will be of value to both biochemist and microanalyst. I).AVID

B. SABINE, l:.S.

F’itamin

13 Pharmaceutiral

Corporation,

Yonkers.

Tew

York

Applied Formation

Capillary Microscopy; The Role of Microorganisms in the of Iron-Manganese Deposits. By B. Y. PERFIL’EV, I). 1~. GABS,, A. M. G.~L'PERISA, Y. A. RABINWTCI~, A. .A. Sa~om~~srcrr, E. E. SIIERM.~N, .ASU E. P. TROSHANOV. Translated from the Russian bp F. L. SIP~~I..UR, Consultants Bureau, Sew York. 1965. 122 pp. $22.50. Industrial microbiology as applied to foods and medicines has developed very well during the last few decades; however, gcomicrobioloyy has not developed as well, primarily because the investicativc techniques were not available. The capillary microscopical method developed by B.V. Perfil’ev and D.R. Gabe has done a great deal to overcome this problem. and the inventors were awarded a Lenin Prize for this accomplishment. The technique involves setting up of a “microbial landscape” which permits the researcher to observe microflora under conditions which resemble their environment in the pores and fissures of rocks. One such “landscape,” for instance, duplicates sedimentation and tliagenesis in fresh-water lakes. Using this method, Pcrtil’ev has discovered new orders. families, and genera of microorganisms including ,Wrlallogrnizrm and &~lococczrs, vvhich are able to concentrate iron and manganese in mud. More specifically. the method calls for the construction of a capillary peloscope, a set of flat glass capillaries each with five or ten channels running their length. A slit peloscope may be constructed from a pair of broad thin glass strips at 0.1 mm apart. The peloscope is fastened to a graduated support and inserted vertically into the mud. The inventors have also developed micro methods for the determination of pH, redox potentials. and dissolved oxygen of the various “landscapes.” Separate bands of iron, manganese. and other elements are deposited in the “landscape,” bv_ oxidizing bacteria at pH values different from pure chemical methods. The bacterial depositions are seen as the first stage of sedimentary ore formation in which the bacteria act as biological catalysts, first accelerating the osidative process of elements and then converting them to the reduced state. This special research report was originally published by Xauka in Moscow (1964) for the Savarenskii Laboratory of Hydrogeoloaical Problems of the Academy of Sciences (USSR), It consists oi nine collected papers on the capillary method and related techniques as applied to the role of microorganisms in the formation of ore deposits. There are 106 Russian and 39 non-Russian literature references citerl.