The relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and dietary quality

TUESDAY, OCTOBER 26 POSTER SESSION: CLINICAL NUTRITION INFLUENCE OF EATING AWAY FROM HOME ON DIETARY INTAKE IN HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. S. Wallick, MS, RD, B.L. Buck, RD, B.M. Retzlaff, MPH, RD, and J.B. Haughton, RD, Northwest Lipid Research Clinic, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Eating away from home may alter the nutritional quality of the diet. We evaluated the dietary components that influence blood cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic men and women according to their frequency of eating out. Subjects were 200 men and 89 women with cholesterol levels greater than the age and sex-specific 75th %-ile, recruited from a Seattle industrial firm to participate in an outpatient study of dietary cholesterol lowering. Before their dietary intervention, participants completed a 10-item questionnaire regarding their eating style," including two questions on the number of times per day (on work and non-work days) they ate food obtained from restaurants, cafeterias, vending machines, fast food establishments, and other non-home food sources; and two questions regarding how often (on work and non-work days) they would describe their meal or food preparation as hurried. Four day food records were also collected at this time. Compared to subjects who reported consuming food from non-home sources one or less time per day (48% of the sample), those reporting two or more times per day (38% of the sample) consumed more calories (2555 vs 2173, p<.01), more total fat (106 vs. 82.9 g, p<.01), more fat as % of kcal (36.4 vs. 33.1%, p<.01), more saturated fat (12.6 vs 11.4%, p<.05), more dietary cholesterol (131 vs 114 mg/1000 kcal, p<.10), and less carbohydrate (45.8 vs 50.4%, p> .01). Differences were of the same magnitude for both men and women, and were intermediary for subjects who had one pattern on non-work days and the other pattern for work days (14% of the sample). Likewise, those who described meal or food preparation as often hurried consumed more calories, fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol per 1000 calories than those who were hurried less frequently. These differences were of smaller magnitude than the differences for eating out, but also held for both men and women. Frequent meals away from home and a hurried eating pattern were associated with a more "atherogenic" diet.

EATING STYLE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HYPERLIPIDEMIC MEN AND WOMEN. B.L. Buck, RD, B.M. Retzlaff, MPH, RD, and S. Wallick, MS, RD Northwest Lipid Research Clinic, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Two hundred eighty-nine hyperlipidemic participants (200 men and 89 women) from the Boeing Airplane Company completed an eating style questionnaire at the beginning of an eight week class series to learn the NCEP Participants also Step-Two eating plan. completed a baseline 4-day food record (4DFR) prior to entering class. The eating questionnaire contained 10 items pertaining to meal frequency, shopping, food preparation, and eating out practices. Forty percent of men and 43% of women indicated they skip breakfast more than 50% of the time. These participants also reported a higher % of kcals from fat on baseline 4DFR's (36.3% vs. 32.7% fat, p=.009, for men and 36.1% vs. 33.0 fat, p=.058, for women). Whereas 92% men and 90% women indicated they eat lunch and dinner at least 5 days per week. Women reported shopping for food an average of 1.7 times per week compared to men who shopped less at 1.3 times per week (p=.005). Women also reported preparing food more often than men (p=.002). Of women, 67% reported preparing food 7-21 times per week while 71% men reported 0-6 times per week. In addition, women described work day meal preparation from often to always in a hurry more than men (p=.01). However, no difference between women and men was found for Determining eating non work days (p=.43). style patterns for meal frequency, shopping, meal preparation may be useful for designing and implementing NCEP Step-Two meal plans and in the identifying added sources of fat baseline diet.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND DIETARY QUALITY. D.E. Butterworth, DHSc, MPH, RD, D.C. Nieman, DrPH, B.C. Underwood, DHSc, K.D. Lindsted, Ph.D. Department of Home Economics, Appalachian State University, Boone NC This study evaluated the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and dietary quality in a group of 20 to 40 year-old women (n=34) who varied widely in levels of physical activity. Nutrient intakes were determined using 10 repeated 24-hour diet records, randomly assigned, over a 10 week period. Physical activity was determined on the same randomly assigned days using the Caltrac Personal Activity Computer. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by two maximal graded treadmill tests with continuous metabolic monitoring at both the beginning and end of the 10 week period. Results demonstrate that neither levels of physical activity or cardiorespiratory fitness were significantly correlated with nutrient density (nutrient/1000 kilocalories). Intake of energy (kilocalories/kilogram body weight) was higher (r=0.46, p=0.006) for the more physically active and fit women, leading to a significant increase in most nutrients consumed per kilogram of body weight. These data suggest that although more highly physically active and fit women tend to have a greater intake of energy and nutrients on a body weight adjusted basis, the quality of their diets (nutrients/1000 kilocalories) are little different from less physically active and fit women.

J.OURNAL OF TIlE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION / A-27