- Email: [email protected]
Thesis record
Marine Pollution Bulletin Tine, J. (1984). Repartition des biocoenoses benthiques en fonction des substrats sedimentaires de la rade de Toulon (France). 2. La grande rade. Tethys 11 (2), 141-153. Pearson, T. H. & Rosenberg, R. (1978). Macrobenthic succession in relation to organic enrichment and pollution of the marine environment. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev. 16, 229-311. Peres, J. M. (1982). Major benthic assemblages. In Ocean Management
E d i t e d by D. V. Ellis Marine Pollution Bulletin will publish records of university theses relevant to marine pollution in the format shown below. Theses can be from any relevant discipline such as Biology, Chemistry, Engineering, Medicine, Economics, etc. Contributions should be 50-10(/ word descriptions of thesis content, with emphasis on the marine pollution aspects. They should be sent to the Thesis Record editor (Dr. D. V. Ellis, Biology Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C., Canada V8W 2Y2), with a copy of the officially endorsed thesis title page and abstract. Copy of a title page alone may be submitted (by any interested person) in which case the record will consist of author, year, title, degree, university and supervisor. Contributions should be for theses accepted for M.Sc. or Ph.D. degrees during the past five years, although in exceptional circumstances a contribution recording an older thesis will be accepted for publication.
OWEN, D. 1989. T h e scientific basis and operational constraints of applying r e m o t e sensing technology to tuna fisheries. M.Sc. University o f Newcastle u p o n Tyne (Supervisor: Dr. A. J. Edwards). T h e type of fishery to be dealt with is defined and the tuna species to be studied in detail are introduced. R e m o t e sensing and sensor systems are then defined. A s u m m a r y of h o w satellites can be of use in fisheries exploitation and m a n a g e m e n t is followed by an illustration of the difference between environmental assessment and direct monitoring of fish stocks. Fisheries environmental services--the focus of satellite applications to fisheries in this study are then defined. Finally a brief s u m m a r y of the m e t h o d s used to survey the literature for this study is provided. Correspondence to: Mr D. Owen, International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Ltd, Stable Hall, Stonehouse Court, 87-90 Houndsditch, London EC3A 7AX, UK.
POSANGI, J. 1989. A preliminary investigation into the incidence of ciguatera in the Maldive Islands, Indian Ocean. M.Sc. University of Newcastle u p o n Tyne (Supervisor: Dr. B. E. Brown). The Laccadive C h a c o s Ridge consisting of Atolls and associated coral structures, extends southwards from west of southern India to near the centre of the Indian Ocean; the Maldives f o r m the central and largest emergent part of this ridge. In the Maldives coral rock has long been used for construction purposes, with its initial use (pre-20th century) being for mosques, shrines and tombstones. O v e r the last 80 years the d e m a n d for coral rock for building p u r p o s e s has greatly increased, 622
(O. Kinne, ed.), Mar. Ecol. 5(1), 373-522. Santos, S. L. & Simon, J. L. (1980). Marine soft-bottom community establishment following annual defaunation: larval or adult recruitment? Mar. EcoL Prog. Ser. 2,235-241. Yeo, R. K. & Risk, M. J. (1979). Intertidal catastrophes: effect of storms and hurricanes on intertidal benthos of the Minas Basin, Bay of Fundy. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 36, 667-669.
and on the capital island Maid and on the tourist islands coral rock is n o w the p r i m a r y construction material. T h e mining of corals not only threatens the conservation of fishery resources, but also a rapidly expanding tourist industry, land suitability and possibly the outbreak of ciguatera, which can cause problems to inhabitants since their staple diet is fish. This present project is c o n c e r n e d with m a n - m a d e disturbance to the reef in the Maldives and the possibility of incidence of ciguatera as a result. Correspondence to: Dr. J. Posangi, Muscular Dystrophy Laboratories, General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 6BE, UK. PRANOTO, I. 1 989. Influence of crude-oil, oil-dispersants and source-species on m a n g r o v e microbial d e c o m posers in vitro. M.Sc. University of Newcastle u p o n Tyne (Supervisor: Dr. N. V, C. Polunin). L a b o r a t o r y ' m i c r o c o s m ' experiments were carried out to evaluate bacterial n u m b e r s on d e c o m p o s i n g leaflitter from different mangrove species both with and without crude-oil or dispersant. There were significant differences in microbial n u m b e r s from different species of m a n g r o v e leaf-litter, notably an increase in flasks with A v i c e n n i a m a r i n a over those with R h i z o p h o r a stylosa and S o n n e r a t i a alba and those without litter (control). A d d i t i o n of oil tended to stimulate bacterial n u m b e r s and dispersant tended to suppress them. Some practical techniques for assessing n u m b e r s of mangrove detrital bacteria have also been evaluated. Correspondence to: Mrs 1. Pranato, The Office of State, Minister fi~r Population and Environment, Jl Merdeka Barat 15, Jakarta 1011(l, Indonesia. TONGSOM, M. 1989. Water quality m a n a g e m e n t study: the Gulf of Thailand approach. M.Sc. University of Newcastle u p o n Tyne (Supervisor: Dr. B. E. Brown). T h e coastal zone of the Gulf of Thailand is a major focus for Thailand's d e v e l o p m e n t policy. Coastal waters of the Gulf of Thailand have had multiple uses over centuries. Because the Gulf is sheltered and offers easy access to the capital Bangkok, it is now developing rapidly as a site of industrial expansion. Water quality management, thus, has to be effective in order to both conserve the marine environment and at the same time serve coastal developments which are rapidly expanding. This study attempts 1o evaluate the present water quality m a n a g e m e n t in Thailand and to p r o p o s e future effective water quality m a n a g e m e n t for the Gulf of Thailand. C h a p t e r 1 considers the general water quality m a n a g e m e n t f r a m e w o r k accepted in developing countries, which may in turn offer some useful lessons for Thailand. Water quality m a n a g e m e n t in the Gulf of
Volume 22/Number 12/December 19l~1
Thailand using case histories to highlight the major pollution problems are reviewed in Chapters 2 and 3. Chapter 4 evaluates present controls of water pollution in the Gulf of Thailand and offers suggestions for improving water quality management of the area.
concluded that the relationship between tissue metal concentration and body size was independent of pollution gradient in the L. littorea studied.
Correspondence to: Mrs P. Tongsom, 93/22 Soi Petchkasem 7, Ta-Pra, Bangkok-yai B 10600, Thailand.
PIROMNtM, M. 1990. A preliminary study on hydrocarbon uptake by the anemone, Actinia equina (Linnaeus). M.Sc. University of Newcastle upon Tyne (Supervisor: Dr. B. E. Brown). Petroleum hydrocarbon uptake by the anemone Actinia equina was investigated. There was no significant uptake of oil hydrocarbons in the anemone tissues when they were exposed to oil in seawater and even when they were in contact with oil slicks. Mucus production by the anemone effectively excluded oil from the anemones. Uptake of oil hydrocarbons occurred when the anemones were exposed to oiled clay in seawater. It was found that the route of uptake was via the mouth. It was remarkable that biogenic hydrocarbons were detected only in anemone tissues when petroleum hydrocrabons were present. Concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbon in tissue decreased markedly after 2 weeks in anemones fed on oiled food and maintained in seawater.
WiLson, N. 1989. Zooxanthellae abundances in the scleractinian coral Porites lutea (Edwards & Haime), as a function of environmental parameters. M.Sc. University of Newcastle upon Tyne (Supervisor: Dr. B. E. Brown). Colonies of the scleractinian coral Porites lutea (Edwards & Haime) were collected from nine sites located on an inshore-offshore sedimentation gradient of decreasing suspended sediment load, of terrigenous origin, at Ko Phuket, Thailand. Zooxanthellae population densities were determined for colonies from each site and the range of zooxanthellae densities were similar to those recorded in the results of other studies on symbiotic anthozoa. Colonies from inshore sites subjected to high levels of sedimentation were found to have lower zooxanthellae population densities than colonies from offshore sites subjected to low levels of sedimentation. Zooxanthellae densities may be limited by light intensity and may be more sensitive to fluctuations in light intensity than external nutrient concentrations. Polyp density was found to be inversely proportional to zooxanthellae density with colonies at inshore sites having higher polyp densities than colonies from offshore sites. Increased polyp density may be an adaptation to a possible, greater dependence on heterotrophic nutrition at shallow water inshore sites subjected to large volumes of terrigenous runoff. (orre.wondcmc to: Mr N. Wilson, 12A Temple Street, Brighton, East Sussex BNI 3B[I. I.!K.
AkMAH, A. 1990. Variations of metal burdens with size in Littorina littorea (Linnaeus) from the Tees estuary. M.Sc. University of Newcastle upon Tyne (Supervisor: Dr. B. E. Brown). The relationship between body size measured in terms of dry tissue weight and concentrations of four metals, vanadium (V), manganese (MN), copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) in Littorina littorea were examined from three sites along a pollution gradient at the estuary of the River Tees. Metal analysis indicates that metal content increased linearly with increasing body size whereas metal concentrations did not vary significantly with size for all four metals. Evidence available confirms that relationship between metal concentration and size do vary and the likely circumstances under which this may occur for L. littorea are discussed. Mean concentration values for all sizes showed significant differences between the three sites for V and Mn. In the case of Fe, a significant difference was obtained between only two sites. No significant differences were found between the sites for Cu. Metal concentrations were highest downstream. Explanations for this reversal of the expected trend are suggested. L. littorea appear to accumulate V, Mn and Fe while Cu is regulated. It is
Correspondence to: Mr A. Armah, Flat 3, Akuafo Hall, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
Correspondence to: Miss M. Piromnim, 36/11S()1 lndra Road, Bangkapi, Bangkok 10230, Thailand.
Mayalarp, Ram-
PREMERATNE, A. 1990. The implementation of integrated coastal management of Sri Lanka. M.Sc. University of Newcastle upon Tyne (Supervisor: Dr. A. J. Edwards). Developing countries are exerting severe pressure on available resources in order to obtain food, shelter and employment, for growing populations. These nations are faced with the difficult task of formulating management strategies which foster their national production, with conservation resources. Coastal resource uses in Sri Lanka include urban expansion, development of ports and fisheries harbours, transport and communications, recreational and tourism development, and sand and coral mining. All have had tremendous impacts on the coastal environment, but all have contributed to national production. Increasing awareness of the need to strike a balance among competing coastal uses has led Sri Lanka to develop a coastal management programme. In spite of this, lack of coordination amongst agencies, domination of regulatory authorities, limited management resources, lack of understanding about management issues are among the problems preventing enforcement of the coastal zone management programme which has been devised. This study aims to identify the extent and type of existing coastal environmental problems in Sri Lanka and evaluate existing management procedures. Correspondence to: Mr A. Premeratne, Coast Conservation Department, 4th Floor, New Secretariat Building, Maligawatta, Colombo 10, Sri Lanka.
RAJUDOIN, K. 1990. Abundance, species composition, size and diet of fish larvae in the North Sea before, during and after a dinoflagellate bloom. M.Sc. University of Newcastle upon Tyne (Supervisor: Dr. N. V. C. Polunin). 623
Marine Pollution Bulletin
A preliminary study was carried out on possible effects on the fish larvae community off Blyth, Northumberland, of an intense dinoflagellate bloom. A WP3 plankton net was used to sample larger fish larvae, and a total of 16 species were caught. Their composition and abundance were studied and the gut contents of the five most abundant species were analysed. The bloom had no substantial effect on species composition of fish larvae but densities of some species did change and this may have been caused by the bloom. The bloom apparently affected choice of prey by some species of fish larvae. ('orrespondence to: Mr K. Rajuddin, Institute Penyelidikan, Perikanan, 11700 Glugor, Penang, Malaysia.
WIRYAWAN, B. 1990. The growth record of sagittal otoliths of flounder (Platichthys flesus L.) and its potential use in bioassays. M.Sc. University of Newcastle upon Tyne (Supervisor: Dr. N. V. C. Polunin). The growth record of sagittal otoliths of flounder Platichthys flesus (L.), includes macro- and microstructural increments which were examined with light and scanning microscopy (SEM). Specimens showed varying degrees of clarity of the microstructural record. Growth increment width pattern along the growth axis were consistent, but regular appearances of some growth discontinuities were found. Sub-annual checks were found that may be related to the tidal pattern in the Tyne. Samples of 34 sagittal otoliths were observed to determine age through presumptive daily increment
New Double Boom from 3M Specifically designed for use in situations where a fast and effective clean up is essential, the new 3M Oil Sorbent T-280 Double Boom combines a large surface area with maximum speed of absorption to contain and remove oil based contaminants from inland waterways quickly. Able to absorb up to 25 times its own weight in oil upon contact, the lightweight boom is completely water repellant. As a result it can float on the surface of the water without sinking or break-up, even over extended periods. Ideal for removing any type of oil from rivers, lakes, harbour mouths and marinas, it can also be used as a contingency barrier to help prevent inadvertent oil spills and leaks. Whilst traditional methods and materials used to disperse oil can often leave unsightly, difficult to dispose of residues, all 3M Oil Sorbent booms can be removed and safely incinerated or buried after use. Made from an inert, non-woven, fibrous material, it will not cause further pollution and is safe and convenient 624
using the Von Bertalanffy Growth Model. Growth increments at the outer margin of sagittal otoliths of large plaice, Pleuronectes platessa were examined. Growth interruptions were indicated that may be related to sewage discharge. Correspondence to: Mr B. Wiryawan, Komplek I PB, Barangsiang 3-11/11, Bogor, Indonesia.
WON6, E. 1990. Ecological development of artificial reefs in Malaysia and their potential role in fisheries management. M.Sc. University of Newcastle upon Tyne (Supervisor: Dr. A. J. Edwards). Artificial reefs have been established in Malaysia as one of the steps to alleviate the problem of declining fish resources in the coastal water and aid in the rehabilitation of marine habitats. These artificial reefs were constructed to enhance biological productivity and fisheries resources, to rehabilitate and conserve marine habitats, and to help in the conservation and management of the fishery resources of the coastal inshore waters and thereby improve the catches of traditional fishermen. The present status of the artificial reef programme in Malaysia is reviewed with attention to the ecological development and fishery resources on three particular artificial reefs--two of which were constructed from tyres and the other from concrete pipes. The fishery potential of artificial reefs and the effect of such artificial reefs on the fishery is reviewed together with the resulting change in fishery base and the types of fishing gear suitable for exploiting the resources of artificial reefs. Correspondence to." Mr E. Wong, Fisheries Research Institute, 11700 Glugor, Penang, Malaysia.
to use. Measuring three metres in length with a twin diameter of 10 centimetres, the booms are easily manoeuvrable and can be used to safeguard inaccessible locations where standard clean up machinery or equipment cannot be used.
Combining a large surface area with maximum absorption, the new 3M Oil Sorbent T-280 Double Boom is ideal for the fast containment of oil spills.
E d i t e d by D. V. Ellis Marine Pollution Bulletin will publish records of university theses relevant to marine pollution in the format shown below. Theses can be from any relevant discipline such as Biology, Chemistry, Engineering, Medicine, Economics, etc. Contributions should be 50-10(/ word descriptions of thesis content, with emphasis on the marine pollution aspects. They should be sent to the Thesis Record editor (Dr. D. V. Ellis, Biology Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C., Canada V8W 2Y2), with a copy of the officially endorsed thesis title page and abstract. Copy of a title page alone may be submitted (by any interested person) in which case the record will consist of author, year, title, degree, university and supervisor. Contributions should be for theses accepted for M.Sc. or Ph.D. degrees during the past five years, although in exceptional circumstances a contribution recording an older thesis will be accepted for publication.
OWEN, D. 1989. T h e scientific basis and operational constraints of applying r e m o t e sensing technology to tuna fisheries. M.Sc. University o f Newcastle u p o n Tyne (Supervisor: Dr. A. J. Edwards). T h e type of fishery to be dealt with is defined and the tuna species to be studied in detail are introduced. R e m o t e sensing and sensor systems are then defined. A s u m m a r y of h o w satellites can be of use in fisheries exploitation and m a n a g e m e n t is followed by an illustration of the difference between environmental assessment and direct monitoring of fish stocks. Fisheries environmental services--the focus of satellite applications to fisheries in this study are then defined. Finally a brief s u m m a r y of the m e t h o d s used to survey the literature for this study is provided. Correspondence to: Mr D. Owen, International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Ltd, Stable Hall, Stonehouse Court, 87-90 Houndsditch, London EC3A 7AX, UK.
POSANGI, J. 1989. A preliminary investigation into the incidence of ciguatera in the Maldive Islands, Indian Ocean. M.Sc. University of Newcastle u p o n Tyne (Supervisor: Dr. B. E. Brown). The Laccadive C h a c o s Ridge consisting of Atolls and associated coral structures, extends southwards from west of southern India to near the centre of the Indian Ocean; the Maldives f o r m the central and largest emergent part of this ridge. In the Maldives coral rock has long been used for construction purposes, with its initial use (pre-20th century) being for mosques, shrines and tombstones. O v e r the last 80 years the d e m a n d for coral rock for building p u r p o s e s has greatly increased, 622
(O. Kinne, ed.), Mar. Ecol. 5(1), 373-522. Santos, S. L. & Simon, J. L. (1980). Marine soft-bottom community establishment following annual defaunation: larval or adult recruitment? Mar. EcoL Prog. Ser. 2,235-241. Yeo, R. K. & Risk, M. J. (1979). Intertidal catastrophes: effect of storms and hurricanes on intertidal benthos of the Minas Basin, Bay of Fundy. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 36, 667-669.
and on the capital island Maid and on the tourist islands coral rock is n o w the p r i m a r y construction material. T h e mining of corals not only threatens the conservation of fishery resources, but also a rapidly expanding tourist industry, land suitability and possibly the outbreak of ciguatera, which can cause problems to inhabitants since their staple diet is fish. This present project is c o n c e r n e d with m a n - m a d e disturbance to the reef in the Maldives and the possibility of incidence of ciguatera as a result. Correspondence to: Dr. J. Posangi, Muscular Dystrophy Laboratories, General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 6BE, UK. PRANOTO, I. 1 989. Influence of crude-oil, oil-dispersants and source-species on m a n g r o v e microbial d e c o m posers in vitro. M.Sc. University of Newcastle u p o n Tyne (Supervisor: Dr. N. V, C. Polunin). L a b o r a t o r y ' m i c r o c o s m ' experiments were carried out to evaluate bacterial n u m b e r s on d e c o m p o s i n g leaflitter from different mangrove species both with and without crude-oil or dispersant. There were significant differences in microbial n u m b e r s from different species of m a n g r o v e leaf-litter, notably an increase in flasks with A v i c e n n i a m a r i n a over those with R h i z o p h o r a stylosa and S o n n e r a t i a alba and those without litter (control). A d d i t i o n of oil tended to stimulate bacterial n u m b e r s and dispersant tended to suppress them. Some practical techniques for assessing n u m b e r s of mangrove detrital bacteria have also been evaluated. Correspondence to: Mrs 1. Pranato, The Office of State, Minister fi~r Population and Environment, Jl Merdeka Barat 15, Jakarta 1011(l, Indonesia. TONGSOM, M. 1989. Water quality m a n a g e m e n t study: the Gulf of Thailand approach. M.Sc. University of Newcastle u p o n Tyne (Supervisor: Dr. B. E. Brown). T h e coastal zone of the Gulf of Thailand is a major focus for Thailand's d e v e l o p m e n t policy. Coastal waters of the Gulf of Thailand have had multiple uses over centuries. Because the Gulf is sheltered and offers easy access to the capital Bangkok, it is now developing rapidly as a site of industrial expansion. Water quality management, thus, has to be effective in order to both conserve the marine environment and at the same time serve coastal developments which are rapidly expanding. This study attempts 1o evaluate the present water quality m a n a g e m e n t in Thailand and to p r o p o s e future effective water quality m a n a g e m e n t for the Gulf of Thailand. C h a p t e r 1 considers the general water quality m a n a g e m e n t f r a m e w o r k accepted in developing countries, which may in turn offer some useful lessons for Thailand. Water quality m a n a g e m e n t in the Gulf of
Volume 22/Number 12/December 19l~1
Thailand using case histories to highlight the major pollution problems are reviewed in Chapters 2 and 3. Chapter 4 evaluates present controls of water pollution in the Gulf of Thailand and offers suggestions for improving water quality management of the area.
concluded that the relationship between tissue metal concentration and body size was independent of pollution gradient in the L. littorea studied.
Correspondence to: Mrs P. Tongsom, 93/22 Soi Petchkasem 7, Ta-Pra, Bangkok-yai B 10600, Thailand.
PIROMNtM, M. 1990. A preliminary study on hydrocarbon uptake by the anemone, Actinia equina (Linnaeus). M.Sc. University of Newcastle upon Tyne (Supervisor: Dr. B. E. Brown). Petroleum hydrocarbon uptake by the anemone Actinia equina was investigated. There was no significant uptake of oil hydrocarbons in the anemone tissues when they were exposed to oil in seawater and even when they were in contact with oil slicks. Mucus production by the anemone effectively excluded oil from the anemones. Uptake of oil hydrocarbons occurred when the anemones were exposed to oiled clay in seawater. It was found that the route of uptake was via the mouth. It was remarkable that biogenic hydrocarbons were detected only in anemone tissues when petroleum hydrocrabons were present. Concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbon in tissue decreased markedly after 2 weeks in anemones fed on oiled food and maintained in seawater.
WiLson, N. 1989. Zooxanthellae abundances in the scleractinian coral Porites lutea (Edwards & Haime), as a function of environmental parameters. M.Sc. University of Newcastle upon Tyne (Supervisor: Dr. B. E. Brown). Colonies of the scleractinian coral Porites lutea (Edwards & Haime) were collected from nine sites located on an inshore-offshore sedimentation gradient of decreasing suspended sediment load, of terrigenous origin, at Ko Phuket, Thailand. Zooxanthellae population densities were determined for colonies from each site and the range of zooxanthellae densities were similar to those recorded in the results of other studies on symbiotic anthozoa. Colonies from inshore sites subjected to high levels of sedimentation were found to have lower zooxanthellae population densities than colonies from offshore sites subjected to low levels of sedimentation. Zooxanthellae densities may be limited by light intensity and may be more sensitive to fluctuations in light intensity than external nutrient concentrations. Polyp density was found to be inversely proportional to zooxanthellae density with colonies at inshore sites having higher polyp densities than colonies from offshore sites. Increased polyp density may be an adaptation to a possible, greater dependence on heterotrophic nutrition at shallow water inshore sites subjected to large volumes of terrigenous runoff. (orre.wondcmc to: Mr N. Wilson, 12A Temple Street, Brighton, East Sussex BNI 3B[I. I.!K.
AkMAH, A. 1990. Variations of metal burdens with size in Littorina littorea (Linnaeus) from the Tees estuary. M.Sc. University of Newcastle upon Tyne (Supervisor: Dr. B. E. Brown). The relationship between body size measured in terms of dry tissue weight and concentrations of four metals, vanadium (V), manganese (MN), copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) in Littorina littorea were examined from three sites along a pollution gradient at the estuary of the River Tees. Metal analysis indicates that metal content increased linearly with increasing body size whereas metal concentrations did not vary significantly with size for all four metals. Evidence available confirms that relationship between metal concentration and size do vary and the likely circumstances under which this may occur for L. littorea are discussed. Mean concentration values for all sizes showed significant differences between the three sites for V and Mn. In the case of Fe, a significant difference was obtained between only two sites. No significant differences were found between the sites for Cu. Metal concentrations were highest downstream. Explanations for this reversal of the expected trend are suggested. L. littorea appear to accumulate V, Mn and Fe while Cu is regulated. It is
Correspondence to: Mr A. Armah, Flat 3, Akuafo Hall, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
Correspondence to: Miss M. Piromnim, 36/11S()1 lndra Road, Bangkapi, Bangkok 10230, Thailand.
Mayalarp, Ram-
PREMERATNE, A. 1990. The implementation of integrated coastal management of Sri Lanka. M.Sc. University of Newcastle upon Tyne (Supervisor: Dr. A. J. Edwards). Developing countries are exerting severe pressure on available resources in order to obtain food, shelter and employment, for growing populations. These nations are faced with the difficult task of formulating management strategies which foster their national production, with conservation resources. Coastal resource uses in Sri Lanka include urban expansion, development of ports and fisheries harbours, transport and communications, recreational and tourism development, and sand and coral mining. All have had tremendous impacts on the coastal environment, but all have contributed to national production. Increasing awareness of the need to strike a balance among competing coastal uses has led Sri Lanka to develop a coastal management programme. In spite of this, lack of coordination amongst agencies, domination of regulatory authorities, limited management resources, lack of understanding about management issues are among the problems preventing enforcement of the coastal zone management programme which has been devised. This study aims to identify the extent and type of existing coastal environmental problems in Sri Lanka and evaluate existing management procedures. Correspondence to: Mr A. Premeratne, Coast Conservation Department, 4th Floor, New Secretariat Building, Maligawatta, Colombo 10, Sri Lanka.
RAJUDOIN, K. 1990. Abundance, species composition, size and diet of fish larvae in the North Sea before, during and after a dinoflagellate bloom. M.Sc. University of Newcastle upon Tyne (Supervisor: Dr. N. V. C. Polunin). 623
Marine Pollution Bulletin
A preliminary study was carried out on possible effects on the fish larvae community off Blyth, Northumberland, of an intense dinoflagellate bloom. A WP3 plankton net was used to sample larger fish larvae, and a total of 16 species were caught. Their composition and abundance were studied and the gut contents of the five most abundant species were analysed. The bloom had no substantial effect on species composition of fish larvae but densities of some species did change and this may have been caused by the bloom. The bloom apparently affected choice of prey by some species of fish larvae. ('orrespondence to: Mr K. Rajuddin, Institute Penyelidikan, Perikanan, 11700 Glugor, Penang, Malaysia.
WIRYAWAN, B. 1990. The growth record of sagittal otoliths of flounder (Platichthys flesus L.) and its potential use in bioassays. M.Sc. University of Newcastle upon Tyne (Supervisor: Dr. N. V. C. Polunin). The growth record of sagittal otoliths of flounder Platichthys flesus (L.), includes macro- and microstructural increments which were examined with light and scanning microscopy (SEM). Specimens showed varying degrees of clarity of the microstructural record. Growth increment width pattern along the growth axis were consistent, but regular appearances of some growth discontinuities were found. Sub-annual checks were found that may be related to the tidal pattern in the Tyne. Samples of 34 sagittal otoliths were observed to determine age through presumptive daily increment
New Double Boom from 3M Specifically designed for use in situations where a fast and effective clean up is essential, the new 3M Oil Sorbent T-280 Double Boom combines a large surface area with maximum speed of absorption to contain and remove oil based contaminants from inland waterways quickly. Able to absorb up to 25 times its own weight in oil upon contact, the lightweight boom is completely water repellant. As a result it can float on the surface of the water without sinking or break-up, even over extended periods. Ideal for removing any type of oil from rivers, lakes, harbour mouths and marinas, it can also be used as a contingency barrier to help prevent inadvertent oil spills and leaks. Whilst traditional methods and materials used to disperse oil can often leave unsightly, difficult to dispose of residues, all 3M Oil Sorbent booms can be removed and safely incinerated or buried after use. Made from an inert, non-woven, fibrous material, it will not cause further pollution and is safe and convenient 624
using the Von Bertalanffy Growth Model. Growth increments at the outer margin of sagittal otoliths of large plaice, Pleuronectes platessa were examined. Growth interruptions were indicated that may be related to sewage discharge. Correspondence to: Mr B. Wiryawan, Komplek I PB, Barangsiang 3-11/11, Bogor, Indonesia.
WON6, E. 1990. Ecological development of artificial reefs in Malaysia and their potential role in fisheries management. M.Sc. University of Newcastle upon Tyne (Supervisor: Dr. A. J. Edwards). Artificial reefs have been established in Malaysia as one of the steps to alleviate the problem of declining fish resources in the coastal water and aid in the rehabilitation of marine habitats. These artificial reefs were constructed to enhance biological productivity and fisheries resources, to rehabilitate and conserve marine habitats, and to help in the conservation and management of the fishery resources of the coastal inshore waters and thereby improve the catches of traditional fishermen. The present status of the artificial reef programme in Malaysia is reviewed with attention to the ecological development and fishery resources on three particular artificial reefs--two of which were constructed from tyres and the other from concrete pipes. The fishery potential of artificial reefs and the effect of such artificial reefs on the fishery is reviewed together with the resulting change in fishery base and the types of fishing gear suitable for exploiting the resources of artificial reefs. Correspondence to." Mr E. Wong, Fisheries Research Institute, 11700 Glugor, Penang, Malaysia.
to use. Measuring three metres in length with a twin diameter of 10 centimetres, the booms are easily manoeuvrable and can be used to safeguard inaccessible locations where standard clean up machinery or equipment cannot be used.
Combining a large surface area with maximum absorption, the new 3M Oil Sorbent T-280 Double Boom is ideal for the fast containment of oil spills.