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Wilderness user preferences for psychological outcomes and setting attributes
PUBLICATIONS IN REVIEW
C o n s t r u c t Theory, Multi-dimensional Scaling, Conjoint Analysis, and Cluster Analysis) was developed a n d tested in the Cleveland Avenue b u s corridor of C o l u m b u s , Ohio. On the b a s i s of a t t r i b u t a l trade-off data, a limited n u m b e r of u s e r g r o u p s are identified with h o m o g e n e o u s perceptual sensitivities. These sensitivities are related to situational variables. A second-stage cluster analysis identifies three aggregate m a r k e t s e g m e n t s of the sample population. The variability in perceptual orientation of these g r o u p s is s h o w n to have some distinct spatial dimensions. • Wilderness User Preferences for Psychological O u t c o m e s a n d Setting Attributes. Deborah J a n e Allen, Ph.D. Colorado State University, 1979 [ J a n u a r y 1980:4228]. To describe a n d q u a n t i f y the desired psychological o u t c o m e s of wilderness users, describe the setting a t t r i b u t e s facilitating desired wilderness experiences, a n d identify w h i c h a t t r i b u t e s were m o s t i m p o r t a n t to different types of wildern e s s users. A sample of 240 u s e r s from the Maroon B e l l s - S n o w m a s s wilderness in Colorado participated in this study. The 51 psychological o u t c o m e items were scored on a nine point interval scale. The 36 s e t t i n g a t t r i b u t e s (physical, social, a n d managerial) were scored u s i n g a ratio scaling procedure. The cluster analysis p r o c e d u r e s resulted in identifying four types of Maroon Bells-Snowmass wildern e s s users. The one preference c o m m o n to all four types w a s t h e rating of Relationships with N a t u r e / S c e n e r y as the o u t c o m e that added the most to their wilderness experience. The smallest group of u s e r s (15%) were those who e m p h a s i z e d traditional wilderness values, s u c h as privacy a n d introspection. The second g r o u p w a s a family oriented group. The third a n d fourth g r o u p s valued the exercise challenge aspect of the wilderness experience. The s t u d y s h o w e d that preferences for types (physical, social, managerial) of s e t t i n g a t t r i b u t e s did not differ b e t w e e n users. All four types indicated that physical a t t r i b u t e s were more i m p o r t a n t to t h e m t h a n the social or managerial. * User Preferences for Recreation Experience O p p o r t u n i t i e s a n d Physical Resource Attributes in Three Colorado Wilderness Areas. Glenn E m e s t Haas, Ph.D. Colorado S t a t e University [ J a n u a r y 1980: 4229]. One intent was of three folds: To identify the physical resource a t t r i b u t e s which are perceived as i m p o r t a n t by recreationists to having satisfying recreation experiences; to identify the psychological o u t c o m e s a n d recreation experiences t h a t were obtained b y recreationists, a n d to e x a m i n e the relationship of physical resource a t t r i b u t e s to psychological o u t c o m e s a n d recreation experi1982 ANNALS OF TOURISM RESEARCH
597
C o n s t r u c t Theory, Multi-dimensional Scaling, Conjoint Analysis, and Cluster Analysis) was developed a n d tested in the Cleveland Avenue b u s corridor of C o l u m b u s , Ohio. On the b a s i s of a t t r i b u t a l trade-off data, a limited n u m b e r of u s e r g r o u p s are identified with h o m o g e n e o u s perceptual sensitivities. These sensitivities are related to situational variables. A second-stage cluster analysis identifies three aggregate m a r k e t s e g m e n t s of the sample population. The variability in perceptual orientation of these g r o u p s is s h o w n to have some distinct spatial dimensions. • Wilderness User Preferences for Psychological O u t c o m e s a n d Setting Attributes. Deborah J a n e Allen, Ph.D. Colorado State University, 1979 [ J a n u a r y 1980:4228]. To describe a n d q u a n t i f y the desired psychological o u t c o m e s of wilderness users, describe the setting a t t r i b u t e s facilitating desired wilderness experiences, a n d identify w h i c h a t t r i b u t e s were m o s t i m p o r t a n t to different types of wildern e s s users. A sample of 240 u s e r s from the Maroon B e l l s - S n o w m a s s wilderness in Colorado participated in this study. The 51 psychological o u t c o m e items were scored on a nine point interval scale. The 36 s e t t i n g a t t r i b u t e s (physical, social, a n d managerial) were scored u s i n g a ratio scaling procedure. The cluster analysis p r o c e d u r e s resulted in identifying four types of Maroon Bells-Snowmass wildern e s s users. The one preference c o m m o n to all four types w a s t h e rating of Relationships with N a t u r e / S c e n e r y as the o u t c o m e that added the most to their wilderness experience. The smallest group of u s e r s (15%) were those who e m p h a s i z e d traditional wilderness values, s u c h as privacy a n d introspection. The second g r o u p w a s a family oriented group. The third a n d fourth g r o u p s valued the exercise challenge aspect of the wilderness experience. The s t u d y s h o w e d that preferences for types (physical, social, managerial) of s e t t i n g a t t r i b u t e s did not differ b e t w e e n users. All four types indicated that physical a t t r i b u t e s were more i m p o r t a n t to t h e m t h a n the social or managerial. * User Preferences for Recreation Experience O p p o r t u n i t i e s a n d Physical Resource Attributes in Three Colorado Wilderness Areas. Glenn E m e s t Haas, Ph.D. Colorado S t a t e University [ J a n u a r y 1980: 4229]. One intent was of three folds: To identify the physical resource a t t r i b u t e s which are perceived as i m p o r t a n t by recreationists to having satisfying recreation experiences; to identify the psychological o u t c o m e s a n d recreation experiences t h a t were obtained b y recreationists, a n d to e x a m i n e the relationship of physical resource a t t r i b u t e s to psychological o u t c o m e s a n d recreation experi1982 ANNALS OF TOURISM RESEARCH
597