LVc shall here close our remarks, by acquainting our rcatlcrs that (his invention does not emanate from Ihe wild speculations of R mere thcGst; Ibr Mr. Evans is an inquiring practical man; and his observafians, and Iris erperimcnts, have cnnvinced him that alcoltol is 1201altogethrr the result of the vinous f’rrmentation, but Ilte protl7lCt of u a~hepenl elemnfoy chnge, effected at a higher temperature, which hiiherto coultl not he ascertained, for the want of an apparat.us such as we have described. Upon Mr. Evans’s principle of cunslruction, any temperature may be uniformly applied to the whole milss of liquor; \Yhile by the old vessels this is iC~poasible to be done, without injury to the products, for reasons before given. It is likewise particulady deserving of notice, that there is a cansidcdde economy in the application of heat by this method, for the fire ~~1s uniformly upon the whole of the surface of the still, but in those of the ordinary construction, the lire does not act upon more tllan (me-lhirtl, or one-fourth of the surface. [Xegis&r of fhe Arls.
TIIE improvrmcnts projected under this patent are cnmprisctl untirr tlte following Iw~tls; viz. an enlarged capacity of the still-lid, to cause a sepalation of the aqueous vapour by condensation, prcGus to its passing over Ihe neck of the still, into the spirit condenser; in the employment of numerous small vertical tubes surrounded with cold water, to increase and accelerate the condensation; in the adaptation of a peculiarly constructed 6‘ cooling worm,) by which, it is conceived, the quantity of spirit will be increased by preventing evaporation in its prngress to, and when in the receiver;
WILLL~ MS’s Pntent
dpparadus
for
Distillation.
1.f
ant? in the employment of refrigerating
saline mixtures, for the more e:ni:ctua~ cooling of 111~spiril in warm climates, or in warm weather. This invenlioo has been patented about six years, which circumstance gives it greater claims upon our admiration, than if it were die invention of this precise period of time, so fraught lvith grtiat improvements in the art of dislillation; many of which, hr~wever, appear to us to have been in&bled iu a great degree, to thin fhe
CWll$~. In tlic body of the still,
(that, part where there is 110 ibrprovcnl~~nt pro~~s~~i, but ali globular IIMI, lo cause the watery particles this part trf llie al~l~ai~alus we llilv~: olllitlrtl
t/tIII’ch 110atltlllit)lcitl wluolly
tu
LIIC
;qq~;t~;~lub
eX]~l;lllillilrll: lar
till?
the vnpuur is gzneratotl$ efllargctl CLlpiICity I# its lo 1’31 ixtrk into the still; in 011r tli;iKIxln, as it re-
~ll~l~~~~illg,
coufl(,usatiuu.
thelxliir@,
rul;tlI!C3
1’2
jVjl,hia>ib\‘s
j’c~(c~rf
d~Jp~l~(lll(.TfUl’Uistillrdiott.
h~~~el-~h~ped bottom from~hith a pipe ?hpssses th~o~$~ the coili the si’de of the tub, WhfIF it 19 fUrni&e~ ++f the ibOrrl+ anrl thi~gh spiritj which *ikh a SO&, for the p’ul;pase of drawin, (r off any iltipllre ,,,ay be separated froti the wash in the first stage Of the process; and to discharge what may rrtnain in the trap When the proclss is over. ‘1’0 the trtlpf is also ntta’ched another pipe i, callt~l the safety ipe, b6 the egress and ingress of atrnosp Pleric folk the purpose of nllriwin~ air, from, and to, the condenser, to prevent both pressure, and a va_ :cuuuI thereir~.~~ ‘I’lre coils of the cooling worm are made ochnqlar; the ,;rm itself is made flat, and of considerable breadth: a &an,_ vers& SectiOn Of it is cshibitPd in the slcpaiatc figure I%, which shO,vs it tb be in the form of a parallclo~rant; WhOSe IoflgeSt si&s are four jnch&, end its shortest half an inch wide; This OCtangular Worm, after making six complete tuins, assumes d ri!-c:uhr shape and di_ ierges oft’to pass through the side of the tub; at its endi outside the and iS to be Occasioually tub, which is made a little taperin 6, is fitted, applied, a crane-necked pipe l, which pipe may be e\e\nted or de_ pressed at pleasure, for the purpose of keeping three Or WO\Y of the This crane-necked pipe i3 intehded toils lof the worm full of licpiid. to Cool the spirits ~hol* :‘o be applied in hot \\Tathel ‘, or hot climates, otff’ectually, and preveut their cvapointion, by subjecting the Sa!Re in ‘a @eater dlgree to the effect of the fold water in the worm tub. An additional apparatus to be used in hot climates, of undoubted utility, is likewise recornrnended by the patentee, and claimed by him the disIt consists of another pipe m, into which ‘as his in\ention. ttial;ging end of the crane-necketl pipe is made to enter, and which gripe, atter passing the end of the troirgh 11, is m&de of a ver btoad fiat ‘shape, and rum&q the whole length Of the trough, (whlc4 1may beof any extent;) it is then to returo by a tery sli$t descent, so as to run *,ack very pntly into the funuel of the’pipe which conrcys it into ihe receiver. ‘9’lrc tr6ugh 11 may be supplied with Glanber’s salts and nitre, or any %al,ine misttire capable of producinn intense cold, for the Wore efYec?uA coo?ing of the spirit; the hug PI may be piacerl upon wheels and a”l!es, fii,r tile conveuiencc of bringing it to, and conveging it frem, its required situ;ttiorl. ‘l‘he [~atent~c furYher recornulends, but dws ?zol claim it as a patent right, that the ash-pit of this still, as well as of stills generally, be furnishctl l\ith a illate iron door; in which neilr is to be irttrocluced its top, One W more r-e;istcrs, ai shown in the separate figure at 0, the alxrtures in which may be closecl~ more Or less, t0 produce the ren13d ,tl~ct~by wnble the dintiller to &ck,ur increase, quircd draught+ the ebuilition ci ;llcasu~., Wtl V.-ith tlic greatest facility.
IN ihc gcnclatioli of sub-carburetted 17ytlrogen gas, from coal, greit+_ ir~cotlvcniel~cc has been sustained by the dc.posit,iqn of adhesive matters ia the pip leading from the retorts, by wlidr tllcy gradually
VJCI~E+ C:I:ANE’V I’c[tult
11
Gus
[email protected].
blame choked up; it, in consequence, became frequently nccessafy to suspend the process, for the purpose of clearing out the deposit. .A considerable quantity of tar is also obtained as a separlte product in the gns manufactories; in some of them, this tar was afterwards decomposed, for the purpose of generating gas, (which it yields in considerable c uantity) but it was discovered, that the tar, thus employed, cause d a greater evil in the pipes by adeposition of asphaitum, which quickly rendered them unserviceable: besides this, it was found that the gas produced from this material atIorded but a feeble light, and emitted much smoke: for these reasons, the decomposition of coal tar was discontinued in most manufactories. As a remedy for these evils, Messrs. Vete and Crane have devised the invention delineated in the accompanying engravin i EEEf cification states the apparatus to be applicable to the coal, coal-tar, tar-oil, oil, vegetable 011, animal oil, and all other solid or liquid matters, from which carburetted hydrogen niay bti a constant &ream obiaiued; and the process consists in introducing of water into the retort, or a current of steam into the exit pipe; which, mixing with the volatile matters, as they rise from the substance under decomposition, causes them to fall down again into the rclort, &thou: proceedin g further to choke up the pipes, while the more gaseous products pass on Ihrough the steam, in a more pure hfiltc, to be afterwards treated in the usual way. ‘i%e glk obtained lion1 tar by this process, is said to burn ~iith a brilliant white flame, iustcacl of the dull, smoky light, as before mentioned. I‘ig. 1 is a front elevation of the improved retort, set in the brickwork of the furnace. Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the same, showing more advantageously its construction, and the mode of operating The letters have reference to the like parts in each of the ligu~s. u is the ash pit, 0 the furnace, ccc the flue winding round the yetort; tl the retort, with its lid fastened in the usual way, by a cross bar and screw; e the exit pipe, through which the gas escapes as it is gencratccl; f is a wrought-iron pan, or tray, to hold tar, or other liquid ulatler to be distilled ; 0” a Supply IJifJ” to f, ICad+ from thC? zislern, or reservoir, A; i is a water pipe, ii~irl k a cistern of water. \\~IIc’II tar, for instance, is to be operated upon, the retort partly lillctl with coke, or broken bricks, is to bc brought to a bright,rt*tl IIW~, which may be ascerlaincd by inspection through the l~ules o 0, SIN~W~I iii j?+‘. 1, which arc provitlcd will) stoppers; the cock of the
Est
\ralcr IGlfe 1s t11eu to be opeurtl, to admit water to few, in a slendel ~ti~eai:i, i11tu the retort, the heat of which iiiiuietliately couverls it into vapour; tllis done, tar is lo be adluittt4 lioru the &xrvoir IL to flow
cl1rwglr
posed;
the pi{‘” g into the pan f, where it is quickly decomthe gas, as it ascends and enters the exit pipe, ucctsmrily
passes through a large ,olunie of steanl, which causes an inbtant I eciyitation of the carbonaceous matters, which would otherwise P’ c~lge in the pipes, and ultimately obstruct the passage of the gas
tlll~ou~h tt1t!111. The gas, u~atltbra. has then to paaj ii i3 ultiulalt:ly
thus relieved through
I.~lcm:;Iit lo d Slate
of the principal
the ortIiuar_v of ;.IcJt
contaminatirq
purificaCioos,
l,urit_v,
bp which
for ctmsumptien.
EIOBRIRS’SPatent
Gas ~9ppaylus.
I5
When coal, or other,solid matters, are to be decomposed, for obtaming the gas, the pan f, the pipe g, and the reservoir 1, are to be removed, and the operation is to be conducted without them;.retaining, however, the use of a current of steam, as in the former case, The rluantity of water required for this purpose, will depend uPon the nature of the material under distillation; but, in general, erght or ten galhnrs of water to 1000 cubic feet of gas will be found adequate to the precipitation of the carbonaceous matter. The slrenm of water should 01 course be constant and uniform; and it would. be desirable to introduce a current of steam from an engine boiler, if there be one on the premises, in lieu of the water, especially when operating upon coal.