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00345 Catalytic hydroprocessing of simulated heavy coal liquids. 1. Reactivities of aromatic hydrocarbons and sulfur and oxygen heterocyclic compounds
04
By-products related to fuels
95/00342 The behavlor of fly ash atablllzed by cement aolldlficatlon In landtllla Shimaoka, T. and Hanashima, M. Haikibutsu Gakkaishi, 1994, 5, (I), 32-45.
The behaviour of stabilized fly ash stabilized with cement in landfills, and the final disposal methods for stabilized fly ash are proposed in this report. Behavlour of cathode paster as a function oi Its 95100343 fabrlcatlon and anthracite quality Verdeja, L. F. Light Met. (Warrendale, Pa.), 1994, 145-749. The physico-chemical properties of two different tamped cathode pastes, as well as raw material characteristics, have been related to their behaviour on baking from the point of view of thermal expansion. The granulometric formulation and the quality of the anthracites, particularly the thermal stability of their ashes, determine the behaviour b;l baking so as to produce a dense, unfractured, bakedpaste. 95100344 Blomlmetlc ?? olublllzatlon of brown coal by oxygenase model wlth hydrogen peroxlde Miki, K. and Sato, Y. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994. 39. (21. 618-622. A bidmi&;c solubilization model system for brown coal was prepared by immobilizing a cytochrome P 450 monooxygenase enzyme on a silica surface by Eoordhtative ligation to anchored-mercaptopiop 1 grou s in hydropphobic cavities. This model system was used to solutu+tze YalYoum (,&t&an) brown coal dispersed in-water or acetate buffer in the presence of added imidazole and H,O,. Catal lc hydroprocoaalng of almulated heavy coal Ilqulds. 1. Reactlvrttles of aromatic hydrocarbons and sulfur and oxygen heterocycllc compounds Gimis. M. J. and Gates. B. C. Ind Ena. Chem. Rex, May- 1994. 33. (51. 109%i106. The hydroprocessing of mixtures simulating a coal liquid without organonitrogen compounds was investigated with a once-through flow reactor operated with liquid-phase reactants at 35O“Cand 171 atm. 95100345
95/00351 A comparative study of C,, SI,, and Ge, Uala;;6”;1 2. and Lee, S. L. Fullerene Science & Technology, 1994, 2, (4), Relative stabilities of the fullerenic structures C , Si , and Ge, are studied by means of semiempirical quantum-chemlca .4 met“1,ods. It is suggested that atomization energies rather than heats of formation should be used for the purpose at this level of description. In the former terms Si, and Ge are located higher than the fullerene itself by about 4100 and 65& kcal/mol, respectively. A poor SCF convergence is reported for both fullerene analogues. While Siw still exhibits the exact I, symmetry, the Ge, cage shows some distortIon from the highly symmetric form though the fullerenic topology is present. Comparlson of coal aolublllzatlon by bacteria and Toriilli, A. P. and Isbister, J. D. Biodegradation, 1994, 5, (l), 5.5-62. Coal-solubilizing agents (i.e. for solubilization of leonardite) produced by Trametes versicolour, Pharerochaete chrysosporium, Aspergillus sp., a bacterial consortium, and a bacterial isolate, Arthrobacter sp., from that consortium were compared in terms of PH deoendencc. thermostabilitv. molecular mass, me‘chanism of action, &d roduct dive&y. The therm& stability and low molecular weights exhl.!ilted by the coal-solubilizing agents indicated a non-enzymic mechanism of action. Compoaltlon and analyala of heavy petroleum fractlona Altgelt, K. H. and Boduszynski, M. H. Chemical Industries Series, 95m353
Vo1.54, Marcel Dekker, New York, USA, $175.00, 1993, 512 pp,
,.,,
Catalytic hydrotreatment of coal-derived naphtha 95100346 Xu, L. et al., Fuel Sci. Technol. Int., 1994, 12, (lo), 1355-1376. A naphtha derived from the liquefaction of a subbituminous (Black Thunder) or a bituminous coal (Ill. No.6) was hydrotreated on a pilot plant scale, to rovide a feedstock sufficiently low in hcteroatoms for further studies in rePorming. Two commercial catalysts, a Ni-Mo and a &MO on alumina, were employed in the processing of the naphtha samples. 95/00347 Characterlzatlon of recyclable component8 In fly ash to produce marketable products Kramer, R. S. et al., Proc. Int. Symp. Extr. Process. Treat. Minimization Wastes. Miner, Met. Mater. Sot.. Warrendale. PA. USA. 1994. 1075-1096. Describes how fly ash is first characterized’usiig SEM, image analysis, and chemical methods. Processing techniques were developed to separate ash into various components including cenospheres, magnetic spheres, carbon, and clean ash. The products are evaluated for various utilizations before being used to produce products such as mullite, activated carbon, fillers in plastics, and concrete. 95100346
Coal tar pitch and membrane llpld peroxldatlon Cheng, Y. et al., Gongye Weisheng Yu Zhiyebing, 1994, 20, (2), 72-76. IIr. I_---\ (111Lnmcse, An in vivo and in vitro assay on the influence of coal tar pitch (CTP) on membrane lipid peroxidation (LPO) is reported. In the in vivo assay 48 Wistar rats were used. The results showed the CTP exerted a strong inhibitory effect on LPO. The reason that the inhibitory effect of CTP did not appear in the in vivo assay might be the insolubility of CTP in the body fluid which did not permit ClT’ reaching the necessary concentration for exerting the inhibitory activity. No increase of LPO was observed either in vivo or in vitro assay.
Composltlonal analysis of Ilgnln-derived and coalderived liquid8 by ualng GUMS-chromatograma Sugimoto, Y. and Miki, Y. Nippon Enerugi Gakkaishi, 1994, 73, (5), 333-340. (In Japanese) Single ion chromatograms (SIM) obtained by GC/MS analysis were used for compositional analysis of lignin-, brown coal-, and coal-derived liquids after correcting the sensitivity for a specific ion of each corn nent. Kraft lignin and seven coals were individually liquefied at 45op”for 1 h in Tetralin under a 9.8 MPa initial H pressure. The hexane soluble products containing alkylbenzenes as internal standard were injected into GC/MS, and naphthalenes (m/z 156,170), acenaphthenes (m/z 168,182), and indanols (m/z 134, 148) were determined by comparing the peak area in their single ion chromate ams with those of internal standards and correcting their sensitivities. Ta e distribution of naphthalenes, acenaphthenes, indanols, and phenols were similar for lignin-derived and seven coal-derived oils. 95m354
95/00355 Current devslopment and future commercial demonatratlon of the LPMEOH process Studer, D. W. and Brown, D. M. Proc. 6th Int. Coal Slurry Technol. Conf., Coal Slurry Technol. Assoc., Washington, DC, USA, 165-176. The paper discusses the liquid-phase MeOH (LPMEOH) process. Devslopment of a proceaa for upgrading of coal fly ::t”= Mori, S. et al., Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshy 1994, 20, (4), 463-467. (In Japanese) The paper describes how coal fly ash discharged from pulverized-coalfired power plants can be utilized in cement.
Coal-tar pltchhulfur and coal-tar pltchlcokehulfur mixtures. Study of the therms1 behavlor and the optics1 texture Zimny, T. er ai., Erdoel Kohle, Erdgas, Petrochem., ‘1994, 47, (6), 225-229. The thermal behaviour of different mixtures of coal-tar-binder pitches, sulphur, and coke was studied by thermogravimetric anal sis, oxidative pyrolysis, and optical microscopy of the solld residues from g eat treatment.
Dlacotlc shape of aaphaltenea obtalned from g.p.c. :::!?57 Acevedo, S. et al.. Fuel, Nov. 1994, 73. (11). 1807-1809. A simple. procedure, based on the calibration lkes of polystyrene (PS) and octylated asphaltenes (OA) standards, is proposed. The theoretical ratio bebeen the-slopes of ihe& lines (B=l.lSj w‘as close to the cxperimetnal (1.218) and to others in the literature where a disc shape for the AS is assumed. By assuming a disc shape for the asphaltenes, a thickness, sigma, of 0.373 +/- 0.016 mm was found. This value is very close to others reported in the literature using the small angle X-ray scattering technique.
95:00350 Comparatlve analyals of pitches by extrography and thermal analysla techniques Bermejo, J. et al., Carbon, 1994, 32, (5), 1001-1010. Seventeen pitches differing in origin, pre aration method, and uses were fractionated by extrography into classes oP compounds. The distribution of pitch constitu&ts among extrogra hy fractions allowed one to characterize the various pitches according to tKeu chemical corn sition. Pitch pyrolysis was followed using thermal analysis techniques R G, DTG, and DTA). Based on the relative orevalence of different tvnes of reactions. DTA furnished detailed ins& into the chemistry of ihe pyrolysis p~occss, and provided a way of differentiating very similar types of pitches.
Effect of oxldlrln and reducing gas atmospheres 95lW355 on the Iron-catalyzed formetPon of fllamentous carbon from methanol Holstein, W. L. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., May 1994, 33, (5), 1363-1372. The intent of this study was to examine in more detail the role of water vapour in suppressing filamentous carbon formation on iron surfaces and to quantify the required water vapour partial pressure for which methanol could be handled safelv in the nresence of iron. In the course. of the work. carbon dioxide was also investigated as an alternative oxidizing agent ani hydrogen as an agent for carbon gasification to methane.
95100349
20
Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 1995
By-products related to fuels
95/00342 The behavlor of fly ash atablllzed by cement aolldlficatlon In landtllla Shimaoka, T. and Hanashima, M. Haikibutsu Gakkaishi, 1994, 5, (I), 32-45.
The behaviour of stabilized fly ash stabilized with cement in landfills, and the final disposal methods for stabilized fly ash are proposed in this report. Behavlour of cathode paster as a function oi Its 95100343 fabrlcatlon and anthracite quality Verdeja, L. F. Light Met. (Warrendale, Pa.), 1994, 145-749. The physico-chemical properties of two different tamped cathode pastes, as well as raw material characteristics, have been related to their behaviour on baking from the point of view of thermal expansion. The granulometric formulation and the quality of the anthracites, particularly the thermal stability of their ashes, determine the behaviour b;l baking so as to produce a dense, unfractured, bakedpaste. 95100344 Blomlmetlc ?? olublllzatlon of brown coal by oxygenase model wlth hydrogen peroxlde Miki, K. and Sato, Y. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994. 39. (21. 618-622. A bidmi&;c solubilization model system for brown coal was prepared by immobilizing a cytochrome P 450 monooxygenase enzyme on a silica surface by Eoordhtative ligation to anchored-mercaptopiop 1 grou s in hydropphobic cavities. This model system was used to solutu+tze YalYoum (,&t&an) brown coal dispersed in-water or acetate buffer in the presence of added imidazole and H,O,. Catal lc hydroprocoaalng of almulated heavy coal Ilqulds. 1. Reactlvrttles of aromatic hydrocarbons and sulfur and oxygen heterocycllc compounds Gimis. M. J. and Gates. B. C. Ind Ena. Chem. Rex, May- 1994. 33. (51. 109%i106. The hydroprocessing of mixtures simulating a coal liquid without organonitrogen compounds was investigated with a once-through flow reactor operated with liquid-phase reactants at 35O“Cand 171 atm. 95100345
95/00351 A comparative study of C,, SI,, and Ge, Uala;;6”;1 2. and Lee, S. L. Fullerene Science & Technology, 1994, 2, (4), Relative stabilities of the fullerenic structures C , Si , and Ge, are studied by means of semiempirical quantum-chemlca .4 met“1,ods. It is suggested that atomization energies rather than heats of formation should be used for the purpose at this level of description. In the former terms Si, and Ge are located higher than the fullerene itself by about 4100 and 65& kcal/mol, respectively. A poor SCF convergence is reported for both fullerene analogues. While Siw still exhibits the exact I, symmetry, the Ge, cage shows some distortIon from the highly symmetric form though the fullerenic topology is present. Comparlson of coal aolublllzatlon by bacteria and Toriilli, A. P. and Isbister, J. D. Biodegradation, 1994, 5, (l), 5.5-62. Coal-solubilizing agents (i.e. for solubilization of leonardite) produced by Trametes versicolour, Pharerochaete chrysosporium, Aspergillus sp., a bacterial consortium, and a bacterial isolate, Arthrobacter sp., from that consortium were compared in terms of PH deoendencc. thermostabilitv. molecular mass, me‘chanism of action, &d roduct dive&y. The therm& stability and low molecular weights exhl.!ilted by the coal-solubilizing agents indicated a non-enzymic mechanism of action. Compoaltlon and analyala of heavy petroleum fractlona Altgelt, K. H. and Boduszynski, M. H. Chemical Industries Series, 95m353
Vo1.54, Marcel Dekker, New York, USA, $175.00, 1993, 512 pp,
,.,,
Catalytic hydrotreatment of coal-derived naphtha 95100346 Xu, L. et al., Fuel Sci. Technol. Int., 1994, 12, (lo), 1355-1376. A naphtha derived from the liquefaction of a subbituminous (Black Thunder) or a bituminous coal (Ill. No.6) was hydrotreated on a pilot plant scale, to rovide a feedstock sufficiently low in hcteroatoms for further studies in rePorming. Two commercial catalysts, a Ni-Mo and a &MO on alumina, were employed in the processing of the naphtha samples. 95/00347 Characterlzatlon of recyclable component8 In fly ash to produce marketable products Kramer, R. S. et al., Proc. Int. Symp. Extr. Process. Treat. Minimization Wastes. Miner, Met. Mater. Sot.. Warrendale. PA. USA. 1994. 1075-1096. Describes how fly ash is first characterized’usiig SEM, image analysis, and chemical methods. Processing techniques were developed to separate ash into various components including cenospheres, magnetic spheres, carbon, and clean ash. The products are evaluated for various utilizations before being used to produce products such as mullite, activated carbon, fillers in plastics, and concrete. 95100346
Coal tar pitch and membrane llpld peroxldatlon Cheng, Y. et al., Gongye Weisheng Yu Zhiyebing, 1994, 20, (2), 72-76. IIr. I_---\ (111Lnmcse, An in vivo and in vitro assay on the influence of coal tar pitch (CTP) on membrane lipid peroxidation (LPO) is reported. In the in vivo assay 48 Wistar rats were used. The results showed the CTP exerted a strong inhibitory effect on LPO. The reason that the inhibitory effect of CTP did not appear in the in vivo assay might be the insolubility of CTP in the body fluid which did not permit ClT’ reaching the necessary concentration for exerting the inhibitory activity. No increase of LPO was observed either in vivo or in vitro assay.
Composltlonal analysis of Ilgnln-derived and coalderived liquid8 by ualng GUMS-chromatograma Sugimoto, Y. and Miki, Y. Nippon Enerugi Gakkaishi, 1994, 73, (5), 333-340. (In Japanese) Single ion chromatograms (SIM) obtained by GC/MS analysis were used for compositional analysis of lignin-, brown coal-, and coal-derived liquids after correcting the sensitivity for a specific ion of each corn nent. Kraft lignin and seven coals were individually liquefied at 45op”for 1 h in Tetralin under a 9.8 MPa initial H pressure. The hexane soluble products containing alkylbenzenes as internal standard were injected into GC/MS, and naphthalenes (m/z 156,170), acenaphthenes (m/z 168,182), and indanols (m/z 134, 148) were determined by comparing the peak area in their single ion chromate ams with those of internal standards and correcting their sensitivities. Ta e distribution of naphthalenes, acenaphthenes, indanols, and phenols were similar for lignin-derived and seven coal-derived oils. 95m354
95/00355 Current devslopment and future commercial demonatratlon of the LPMEOH process Studer, D. W. and Brown, D. M. Proc. 6th Int. Coal Slurry Technol. Conf., Coal Slurry Technol. Assoc., Washington, DC, USA, 165-176. The paper discusses the liquid-phase MeOH (LPMEOH) process. Devslopment of a proceaa for upgrading of coal fly ::t”= Mori, S. et al., Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshy 1994, 20, (4), 463-467. (In Japanese) The paper describes how coal fly ash discharged from pulverized-coalfired power plants can be utilized in cement.
Coal-tar pltchhulfur and coal-tar pltchlcokehulfur mixtures. Study of the therms1 behavlor and the optics1 texture Zimny, T. er ai., Erdoel Kohle, Erdgas, Petrochem., ‘1994, 47, (6), 225-229. The thermal behaviour of different mixtures of coal-tar-binder pitches, sulphur, and coke was studied by thermogravimetric anal sis, oxidative pyrolysis, and optical microscopy of the solld residues from g eat treatment.
Dlacotlc shape of aaphaltenea obtalned from g.p.c. :::!?57 Acevedo, S. et al.. Fuel, Nov. 1994, 73. (11). 1807-1809. A simple. procedure, based on the calibration lkes of polystyrene (PS) and octylated asphaltenes (OA) standards, is proposed. The theoretical ratio bebeen the-slopes of ihe& lines (B=l.lSj w‘as close to the cxperimetnal (1.218) and to others in the literature where a disc shape for the AS is assumed. By assuming a disc shape for the asphaltenes, a thickness, sigma, of 0.373 +/- 0.016 mm was found. This value is very close to others reported in the literature using the small angle X-ray scattering technique.
95:00350 Comparatlve analyals of pitches by extrography and thermal analysla techniques Bermejo, J. et al., Carbon, 1994, 32, (5), 1001-1010. Seventeen pitches differing in origin, pre aration method, and uses were fractionated by extrography into classes oP compounds. The distribution of pitch constitu&ts among extrogra hy fractions allowed one to characterize the various pitches according to tKeu chemical corn sition. Pitch pyrolysis was followed using thermal analysis techniques R G, DTG, and DTA). Based on the relative orevalence of different tvnes of reactions. DTA furnished detailed ins& into the chemistry of ihe pyrolysis p~occss, and provided a way of differentiating very similar types of pitches.
Effect of oxldlrln and reducing gas atmospheres 95lW355 on the Iron-catalyzed formetPon of fllamentous carbon from methanol Holstein, W. L. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., May 1994, 33, (5), 1363-1372. The intent of this study was to examine in more detail the role of water vapour in suppressing filamentous carbon formation on iron surfaces and to quantify the required water vapour partial pressure for which methanol could be handled safelv in the nresence of iron. In the course. of the work. carbon dioxide was also investigated as an alternative oxidizing agent ani hydrogen as an agent for carbon gasification to methane.
95100349
20
Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 1995