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01354 Sudden oil price changes: The effect of US gasoline demand
02
Liquid
fuels
(derived
liquid
fuels)
96/01346 Natlonal oil companlor and thrir govrrnmrnt ownore: The polltlca of lntaractlon and control Oystein, N. J. of Energy & Development, 1995, 19 2) 197-226 External control of the oil industry from outside is dii&it because of its capita1 intensity and the particular cost structure and risk ex sure. Direct intervention through national oil companies (NOCs) is seen r y many governments as a prerequisite for controlling the industry on their territo but the very factors that make the private oil firms dtfiicult to contra7 also apply to state companies. The record suggests that the senior managers of nationalized enterprises are not assive subjects of government control, but independent agents actively seeii ng autonomy for their government ownen. Hence, the long-term outcome of establising a NOC may differ significantly from initial Intentions. Senior managers of NOCs tend to have more discretionary power than is the case in corresponding private firms. 96101347 New company targeta opportunltlea onshore Sakhalln Island Jackson, K. Petroleum Review, Feb. 1996, 50, (589), 73-74. Reports that Sakhalin Petroleum, an independent oil company formed by a group of UK and Australian oilfield professionals and investors, has aqutred 50% interest in two onshore exploration and production licences on Sakhalin Island in the Russian Far East.
Q6lO1346 Nlgarla’a oil productlon
behavior:
Teat8 of altarna-
tlve hypothearr 1995, 19. Awokuse, T. 0. and Jones, C. T. J. ofEnerav . - & D~V~~ODIWIIZ. . (2). 227&I. Using both static and dynamic models, the authors retest the agreement of Nigeria’s oil production behaviour with collusive and noncollusive hypotheses of the behaviour of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countires (OPEC) from 1971 to 1990. Quo1 349 011 prlcao changer and aconomlc actlvlty In the US and Garmanv Balabanoff, !I.- OPEC Review, Autumn 1995, 19, (3), 219-253. This report is structured as follows: first the authors carried out an historical and descriptive evaluation of the main factors influencing the economic performance of the world economy. Oil shocks are evaluated within this analytical framework. And secondly, a study of the relationship between the three selected variables, based on the various forms of analysis allowed by the methodology of VAR models, which will show that the relationship between them is. at best, inconclusive. se/or 350 Petroleum and the anvlronmant In Western Slberla: Challenge and op ortunlty Whitnev. A. Petro Peum Review. Feb. 1996. 50. (589). 64-68. A repoz on visit by a US Trade Missions to W&e&Siberia in Autumn 1995. The visit was made to assessthe market for Western oilfield and environmental technologies. It provided an opportunity to witness firsthand the level of environmental degradation in and around one of Western Siberia’s oil centres - Nixhnevartovsk and the notorious Samotior oilfield.
Quo1 351 Problems and prospects In achlevlng contractual atablllty In lnternatlonal oil agreements Atseabua, L. OPEC Review, Autumn 1995. 19. 13). 255-262. Discussesthe issue of contractual stability which represents a major source of conflict between international oil companies and host countries. Ruaala’a Far East - The flnal frontlar 96101352 O’Sullivan, S. Petroleum Review, Feb. 1996, 50, (589), 70-72. The author discusses Russia’s Far East region which is one of the leastknown to western observers prior to the breakup of the Soviet Union. Describes the resource potential of the area which is so large that it cannot be ignored.
96101355 Taxatlon of petroleum companlea poaaeaalng prlveto lnformatlon Osmundsen, P. Resource & Energy Economics, Dec. 1995, 17. (4), 357-377.
For countries having petroleum resources, a common objective of the Ministry of Energy is to maxim& the net total government take from the petroleum industry. Most models of petroleum taxation, assuming symmetric information, recommend neutral taxation. A royalty is not optimal in this case as it gives disincentives for extraction, causing too much of the reservoir to remain unexploited. Through the operating activities, however, the companies obtain pmate information about the costs. A low cost comnanv mav conceal its information bv imitatintt a hiah cost comnanv. and ‘m&t theiefore be ‘ven an economic competGatioti(informatio;l r&t) to be induced to revea? its true costs. An optimal regulatory response to asymmetric information may involve royalties, as these enable the government to capture a larger fraction of the economic rent.
Derived Liquid Fuels 96l01356 Alkanaa and solvent dlmera In aucceaalve extract fractlona releaaad from coal during llquefactlon In a flowlngaolvant reactor Herod, A. A. er al., Fuel, Dec. 1995. 74, (12), 1739-1752. ‘lypes of alkanes present in liquefaction product fractions released from coal during successive time-temperature intervals were examined by g.c.m.s. Experiments were carried out in a flowing-solvent reactor where solubilixed products are continuously removed from the reaction zone; tetralin, qinoline and hexadecane were used as the solvent. At 45@C (with 400 s holding) total conversions in tetralin. quinoline and hexadecane were 82.5, 74.7 and 24 wt% (daf), respectively.
96101357 Antagonlam between cloud polnt and cold filter plugglng polnt dapraasanta In a dlaaal fuel Letoffe, J. M. et a&, Fuel, Dec. 1995, 74, (12), 1830-1833. Differential scanning calorimetry (d.s.c.) and thermomicroscopy were used to provide a better understanding of the antagonistic effect on cold filter plugging point (CFPP) when cloud pint depressants (CPD) and CFPP additives are mixed into a diesel fuel. It is shown the CFPP achieved by usin only CFPP additive can be attained in the presence of CPD if a smal& homogeneous sixe of crystals of paraffins is again obtained. Two ways are proposed to obtain this result: modification of the chemical structure of the CPD, and optimization of the concentration of each component of the blend. In either case a decrease in efficiency of the CPD is observed, but the antagonism.disap am. It is possible to predict the efficiency of CFPP additives in a dtesel fr el wntainmg CPD by evaluation of T of the hydrogp matrtx and determination of the percentage of light n-alkanes by .*. 96101356 Bloconveralon of llgnocelluloalo raaldue to ethanol: Procaaa flowsheet development Gregg, D. and Saddler, J. N. Biomass & Bioenergy, 1995,9, (1). 287-302. One the strengths of the IEA, ‘Biotechnology for the conversion of lignocellulosica’ network has been the active participation of different groups with expertise in each of the multi-component steps that constitute a probable biomass-to-ethanol process. In the last three years the complexity and interdependency of the various process steps tiected many of the groups to provide information for the development of more accurate technoewnomic models. Before a technoewnomic model could be developed, the key equipment and process steps had to be defined. In this paper the authors have defined the major equipment/steps of a ‘generic’ wood-toethanol process.
96101353 Ruaalan law - Productlon aharlng agreement8 Ferguson, C. Pefroleum Review, Feb. 1996, St?,(589), 60-62. Reports on the new Russian law ‘On Productton Sharing Agreements’ which became operative on 30th December 1995. Reaction so far has been unenthusiastic. Some western oil companies have stated that while they are prepared to work with it they believe a good law has been rendered impotent by the addition of last minute amendments to placate the newly strengthened conservative faction.
96101359 Brown coal llquafactlon (BCL) procaaa. Syntheala of tranaportatlon llquld fuel by hydroganatlon of brown coal Okuma, 0. Koatsuryoku no Kagaku to Gijutsy 1995.4, (2), 148-156. (In Japanese) A brown coal liquefaction process is a two-stage direct li uefaction pmcess and consists of four umt sections: dewaterin primary ydrogenation solvent deashing. and secondary hydrogenation. he paper &zusses direc; coal liquefaction technolo y and describes in detail the brown coal liquefaction process which has %een validated by operation of a 50 ton/day pilot plant.
96101354 Sudden oil prlca changer: The affect of US gaaoline demand Go&\lt K. and Morey, M. J. OPEC Review, Autumn 1995, 19, (3), - . Discusses how over the past two decades, consumption responses to gasoline prices have undergone change as oil price ‘shocks’ have affected wnsumer expectations. Not only have these unexpected price changes had an effect on the price of an essential item like gasoline; they have also affected the prices of other goods.
96lO1360 Catalyat daalgn In coal llquafactlon Nishijima, A. Busshitsu Kogaku Kogyo Gijutsu Kenkyusho Hokoku, 1995, 3, (2). 65-84. (In Japanese) Discusses fundamental research concerning wal liquefaction catalyst, such as catalytic reaction, role of catalyst, catalyst function, catalyst property and catalyst deactivation, which have been studied in order to design suitable catalysts for coal liquefaction. The objective is to introduce catalyst design concept based on an understanding derived from research.
92 Fuel and Energy Abstracts
March 1996
Liquid
fuels
(derived
liquid
fuels)
96/01346 Natlonal oil companlor and thrir govrrnmrnt ownore: The polltlca of lntaractlon and control Oystein, N. J. of Energy & Development, 1995, 19 2) 197-226 External control of the oil industry from outside is dii&it because of its capita1 intensity and the particular cost structure and risk ex sure. Direct intervention through national oil companies (NOCs) is seen r y many governments as a prerequisite for controlling the industry on their territo but the very factors that make the private oil firms dtfiicult to contra7 also apply to state companies. The record suggests that the senior managers of nationalized enterprises are not assive subjects of government control, but independent agents actively seeii ng autonomy for their government ownen. Hence, the long-term outcome of establising a NOC may differ significantly from initial Intentions. Senior managers of NOCs tend to have more discretionary power than is the case in corresponding private firms. 96101347 New company targeta opportunltlea onshore Sakhalln Island Jackson, K. Petroleum Review, Feb. 1996, 50, (589), 73-74. Reports that Sakhalin Petroleum, an independent oil company formed by a group of UK and Australian oilfield professionals and investors, has aqutred 50% interest in two onshore exploration and production licences on Sakhalin Island in the Russian Far East.
Q6lO1346 Nlgarla’a oil productlon
behavior:
Teat8 of altarna-
tlve hypothearr 1995, 19. Awokuse, T. 0. and Jones, C. T. J. ofEnerav . - & D~V~~ODIWIIZ. . (2). 227&I. Using both static and dynamic models, the authors retest the agreement of Nigeria’s oil production behaviour with collusive and noncollusive hypotheses of the behaviour of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countires (OPEC) from 1971 to 1990. Quo1 349 011 prlcao changer and aconomlc actlvlty In the US and Garmanv Balabanoff, !I.- OPEC Review, Autumn 1995, 19, (3), 219-253. This report is structured as follows: first the authors carried out an historical and descriptive evaluation of the main factors influencing the economic performance of the world economy. Oil shocks are evaluated within this analytical framework. And secondly, a study of the relationship between the three selected variables, based on the various forms of analysis allowed by the methodology of VAR models, which will show that the relationship between them is. at best, inconclusive. se/or 350 Petroleum and the anvlronmant In Western Slberla: Challenge and op ortunlty Whitnev. A. Petro Peum Review. Feb. 1996. 50. (589). 64-68. A repoz on visit by a US Trade Missions to W&e&Siberia in Autumn 1995. The visit was made to assessthe market for Western oilfield and environmental technologies. It provided an opportunity to witness firsthand the level of environmental degradation in and around one of Western Siberia’s oil centres - Nixhnevartovsk and the notorious Samotior oilfield.
Quo1 351 Problems and prospects In achlevlng contractual atablllty In lnternatlonal oil agreements Atseabua, L. OPEC Review, Autumn 1995. 19. 13). 255-262. Discussesthe issue of contractual stability which represents a major source of conflict between international oil companies and host countries. Ruaala’a Far East - The flnal frontlar 96101352 O’Sullivan, S. Petroleum Review, Feb. 1996, 50, (589), 70-72. The author discusses Russia’s Far East region which is one of the leastknown to western observers prior to the breakup of the Soviet Union. Describes the resource potential of the area which is so large that it cannot be ignored.
96101355 Taxatlon of petroleum companlea poaaeaalng prlveto lnformatlon Osmundsen, P. Resource & Energy Economics, Dec. 1995, 17. (4), 357-377.
For countries having petroleum resources, a common objective of the Ministry of Energy is to maxim& the net total government take from the petroleum industry. Most models of petroleum taxation, assuming symmetric information, recommend neutral taxation. A royalty is not optimal in this case as it gives disincentives for extraction, causing too much of the reservoir to remain unexploited. Through the operating activities, however, the companies obtain pmate information about the costs. A low cost comnanv mav conceal its information bv imitatintt a hiah cost comnanv. and ‘m&t theiefore be ‘ven an economic competGatioti(informatio;l r&t) to be induced to revea? its true costs. An optimal regulatory response to asymmetric information may involve royalties, as these enable the government to capture a larger fraction of the economic rent.
Derived Liquid Fuels 96l01356 Alkanaa and solvent dlmera In aucceaalve extract fractlona releaaad from coal during llquefactlon In a flowlngaolvant reactor Herod, A. A. er al., Fuel, Dec. 1995. 74, (12), 1739-1752. ‘lypes of alkanes present in liquefaction product fractions released from coal during successive time-temperature intervals were examined by g.c.m.s. Experiments were carried out in a flowing-solvent reactor where solubilixed products are continuously removed from the reaction zone; tetralin, qinoline and hexadecane were used as the solvent. At 45@C (with 400 s holding) total conversions in tetralin. quinoline and hexadecane were 82.5, 74.7 and 24 wt% (daf), respectively.
96101357 Antagonlam between cloud polnt and cold filter plugglng polnt dapraasanta In a dlaaal fuel Letoffe, J. M. et a&, Fuel, Dec. 1995, 74, (12), 1830-1833. Differential scanning calorimetry (d.s.c.) and thermomicroscopy were used to provide a better understanding of the antagonistic effect on cold filter plugging point (CFPP) when cloud pint depressants (CPD) and CFPP additives are mixed into a diesel fuel. It is shown the CFPP achieved by usin only CFPP additive can be attained in the presence of CPD if a smal& homogeneous sixe of crystals of paraffins is again obtained. Two ways are proposed to obtain this result: modification of the chemical structure of the CPD, and optimization of the concentration of each component of the blend. In either case a decrease in efficiency of the CPD is observed, but the antagonism.disap am. It is possible to predict the efficiency of CFPP additives in a dtesel fr el wntainmg CPD by evaluation of T of the hydrogp matrtx and determination of the percentage of light n-alkanes by .*. 96101356 Bloconveralon of llgnocelluloalo raaldue to ethanol: Procaaa flowsheet development Gregg, D. and Saddler, J. N. Biomass & Bioenergy, 1995,9, (1). 287-302. One the strengths of the IEA, ‘Biotechnology for the conversion of lignocellulosica’ network has been the active participation of different groups with expertise in each of the multi-component steps that constitute a probable biomass-to-ethanol process. In the last three years the complexity and interdependency of the various process steps tiected many of the groups to provide information for the development of more accurate technoewnomic models. Before a technoewnomic model could be developed, the key equipment and process steps had to be defined. In this paper the authors have defined the major equipment/steps of a ‘generic’ wood-toethanol process.
96101353 Ruaalan law - Productlon aharlng agreement8 Ferguson, C. Pefroleum Review, Feb. 1996, St?,(589), 60-62. Reports on the new Russian law ‘On Productton Sharing Agreements’ which became operative on 30th December 1995. Reaction so far has been unenthusiastic. Some western oil companies have stated that while they are prepared to work with it they believe a good law has been rendered impotent by the addition of last minute amendments to placate the newly strengthened conservative faction.
96101359 Brown coal llquafactlon (BCL) procaaa. Syntheala of tranaportatlon llquld fuel by hydroganatlon of brown coal Okuma, 0. Koatsuryoku no Kagaku to Gijutsy 1995.4, (2), 148-156. (In Japanese) A brown coal liquefaction process is a two-stage direct li uefaction pmcess and consists of four umt sections: dewaterin primary ydrogenation solvent deashing. and secondary hydrogenation. he paper &zusses direc; coal liquefaction technolo y and describes in detail the brown coal liquefaction process which has %een validated by operation of a 50 ton/day pilot plant.
96101354 Sudden oil prlca changer: The affect of US gaaoline demand Go&\lt K. and Morey, M. J. OPEC Review, Autumn 1995, 19, (3), - . Discusses how over the past two decades, consumption responses to gasoline prices have undergone change as oil price ‘shocks’ have affected wnsumer expectations. Not only have these unexpected price changes had an effect on the price of an essential item like gasoline; they have also affected the prices of other goods.
96lO1360 Catalyat daalgn In coal llquafactlon Nishijima, A. Busshitsu Kogaku Kogyo Gijutsu Kenkyusho Hokoku, 1995, 3, (2). 65-84. (In Japanese) Discusses fundamental research concerning wal liquefaction catalyst, such as catalytic reaction, role of catalyst, catalyst function, catalyst property and catalyst deactivation, which have been studied in order to design suitable catalysts for coal liquefaction. The objective is to introduce catalyst design concept based on an understanding derived from research.
92 Fuel and Energy Abstracts
March 1996