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01768 Paramagnetic relaxation of ferric ‘oxyhydroxide’ in Victorian brown coal and its structural implications
01
Geological and hydrogeological conditions as well as coal reserves at the Balinka mines
99io1759
Laszlo, M. Banyasz. Kohasz. Lupok, Eanyusz., 1998, 131, (1) 25-30. (In Hunearian1 This-paper presents the geological structure and the overall stratification development history of the Balinka (Hungary) brown coal deposit for the last -200 million years. The actual coal stratification was formed at the beginning of the Eocene period and detailed compositions of the strata are reported. The hydro-geological conditions are discussed in relation to the mining operation safety. The coal mining operation started in 1922 and the present recoverable coal reserves are estimated at 17,202 k-ton with an average heat capacity of the material of 13,741 kJ/kg.
99101760 apparent?
How far does chemical structure of coals become
Nomura, M. Kagaku to Kogyo (Tokyo), 1998, 51, (lo), 1579-1582. (In Japanese) van Krevelen’s suggested coal structure is reviewed. An application of the Ruthenium Ion Catalysed Oxidation (RICO reaction) and ‘3C-nuclear magnetic resonance are utilized in the research. 99101761
Hydrocarbon-generating macerals of Paleogene organic source rocks in the Huangxian basin (China)
Xiong, B. et al. Jinoghon Shiyoti Xueyuon Xuebao, 1997, 19, (2) 23-28, 35. (In Chinese) A high content of exinite and sapropelinite, especially resinite and alginite is contained in the organic sedimentary rocks of Paleogene from the Huangxian basin. These hydrogen-rich macerals showed different fluorescence properties. Based on the mode of occurrence and fluorescence feature, resinite was classified into three types. Results of GC/MS analyses showed a large amount of biomarkers of resin genetic sources in saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions. The resinite content exhibits a good correlation with the total content of hydrocarbons. Microscopy found a high concentration of exsudatinites in the Huangxian organic source rocks. The resinite and alginite are the important source materials for early hydrocarbon generation in the Paleogene organic source rocks in Huangxian basin.
Ignition of coal particles at high pressure in a 99101762 thermogravimetric analyser Sun, C. L. and Zhang, M. Y. Combust. Flame, 1998, 115, (l/2), 267-274. A thermogravimetric analyser, which can simultaneously measure the temperatures of the sample and ambient gas, has been used in a detailed experimental study of the ignition of coal particles at high pressure. Eight Chinese coals and three chars were used in four size fractions. The criterion for ignition is discussed and a new one is suggested to deduce whether the mechanism is homogeneous or heterogeneous. The influence of different factors, such as total pressure, oxygen partial pressure, particle size, heating rate and volatile content is studied. The ignition temperature decreases when the total pressure is increased in gas of constant composition. However, with the same oxygen partial pressure, the ignition temperature increases with total pressure. Changing the particle size, heating rate and volatile content has the same effect at atmospheric and elevated pressures. It is suggested that at high pressures, the ignition mechanism may shift from homogeneous to heterogeneous.
Influence of geology on coal utilization 99101763 Gentzis, T. and Goodarzi, F. Prepr. Ext. Abstr. ACS Natl. Chem. Sot., Div. Environ. Chem., 1998, 38, (2), 148-150. A comparison is made between the trace elemental composition oxide concentrations in coals from western Canada and the depositional environment, tectonics, age, rank and hydrolysis Metal concentrations of environmental concern and industrial emphasized.
Meet., Am. and major impacts of conditions. interest are
The influence of the behavior of minerals blended coal ash on fusion characteristics
99101764
in
Li, F. et al. Huazhong Ligong Daxue Xuebao, 1997, 25, (9), 4143. (In Chinese) Mixing ashes of three different types of coal produced two coal ash samples. The fusion point and mineral composition at deformation temperature of the samples were measured and analysed with a ternary phase diagram. A non-linear relationshio between the ash fusion ooint and the blended coal ratio was observed, suggesting low temperatuie eutectic melting of the minerals. There was a similarity between the mineral composition of the blends in a weak reducing atmosphere and at deformation temperature. The ternary system CaO-AlzOs-SiOz is presented in a ternary phase diagram.
Modeling of the relationship between trace ele99101765 ments and three species of sulfur in coal
Lu, X.-H. et al. J. Environ. Sci. (China), 1998, 10, (2), 216-222. Three variables regression equations relate the contents of trace elements beryllium, cadmium, cobalt, lead, copper, nickel and arsenic and three species of sulfur in coal, based on the determination of several trace elements in coal particulate of different specific gravity. The regression equations were successfully used for prediction of the trace elements cadmium, cobalt, lead, copper and nickel in individual parts of coal with different specific gravity. Factor analysis was also used to analyse the data
Solid fuels (sources, winning, properties)
sets. A three-factor model can interpret the data sets reasonablv well. Trace elements cadmium, cobalt, lead, copper, nickel, inorganic sulfide and total sulfur in coal are correlated with the first factor. Trace elements bervllium. sulfate and organic sulfide are correlated with the second factor and trace elements chromium and arsenic are correlated with the third factor. The chemical properties of these elements are used to interpret the factors. 99101766 Molecular stable carbon isotope compositions of alkylphenanthrenes in coals and marine shales related to source and maturity Radke, M. et al. Org. Geochem., 1998, 28, (12), 785-795. A comparison is made between phenanthrene (PHE) and methylphenanthrenes (MPs) extracted from coaly shale and coal samples containing terrestrial organic matter and the same compounds from marine shales in terms of yields and 6i3C values at marginally to fully mature stages of thermal evolution. The shales derived from four boreholes in the Hils HalfGraben area, north-western Germanv, were shown to be reoresentative of a greater number of samples from the same sites. The’6”C values of extractable PHE and MPs are less negative in the terrestrial than in the marine samples. Since these values-are unrelated to mean vitrinite reflectance values in the range of 0.5&9%, it appears that the organic matter rather than maturity controls the stable carbon isotope composition of PHE and MPs. 99101767 Monitoring of ash content and moisture of coal Mikhailov, G. I. and Davydov, M. V. Prib. Sist. Upr., 1998, (6), 56-58. (In Russian) A study of the developmental trends in coal ash and moisture analysis. Coal ash is mainly determined by apparatus using ionization radiation. Moisture content is analysed using ultrahigh frequency technique. 99101766 Paramagnetic relaxation of ferric ‘oxyhydroxide’ in Victorian brown coal and its structural implications Bocquet, S. et al. Physical Chem. Miner., 1998, 25, (5) 328-337. There is strong evidence from the Moessbauer effect and magnetization measurements which shows that the principal form of native and introduced iron in Victorian brown coals is as isolated Fe3+ ions octahedrally coordinated to a range of oxygen-containing ligands. The mean iron-iron separation is less than expected from a uniform distribution, but there is strong evidence against clustering. All experimental evidence is consistent with these iron ions being located in the water bridges between the coal micelles. Although the Fe3+ ions remain paramagnetic down to 4.2 K, magnetic coupling between nearby Fe3+ ions causes slow paramagnetic relaxation in the low temperature Moessbauer spectra.
99101769 Petrological characteristics of middle part of beneficiated coal Zen& F. and Wang, Z. Rnnliao Huaxue Xuebao, 1998, 26, (2), 165-169. (In Chinese) Compared to raw coal, coal petrological characteristics are very different. Coal microlithotvue is more imoortant for the further benefit of middline coal. Almost ali’microlithotype contains minerals, e.g. clay and pyrite. Minerals sporadically distribute as fines in this coal. The size of pyrite is finer than 10 p and the clay is about 20 1. There is also a great difference in the petrology of the coal at a different density of the flotation-sink separation. 99101770 Predicting the potential of coals for upgrading Leney, M. et al. IChemE- Res. Event, Two-Day Symp., 1998,607-615. The batch pyrolysis took place of 11 coals, varying in rank from lignite to bituminous, at 500°C. The pyrolysis products were-held in the reactor. The relationship between petrographical, gaseous products and increased calorific value of the semicoke was examined in order to find a link between a coal’s reflectance and its potential for upgrading. Using oil immersion microscopy, the ratio of calorific value of the semicoke to the parent coal decreased with increasing coal reflectance. Gas yields were better predicted using ultimate analyses, correlating poorly with reflectance.
99101771 Quantification of the term ‘geological assurance’ in coal classification using geostatistical methods Diehl, P. Schrifienr. GDMB, 1997, 79, 187-203. The term ‘geological assurance’ was quantified by geostatistics in reserves/ resources classification. Because of the numerous pitfalls and prerequisites associated with statistical estimation variances, the proposal of this paper is restricted to coal deposits that were little affected by tectonics. Topics discussed include the general concept of risk in reserve/resource classification, the uncertainties in geological parameters, risk as defined by statistics, the reserves/resources classes to which geostatistics can be applied, pitfalls encountered in geostatistical risk assessments and recommendations for coal classification.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 1999
165
Geological and hydrogeological conditions as well as coal reserves at the Balinka mines
99io1759
Laszlo, M. Banyasz. Kohasz. Lupok, Eanyusz., 1998, 131, (1) 25-30. (In Hunearian1 This-paper presents the geological structure and the overall stratification development history of the Balinka (Hungary) brown coal deposit for the last -200 million years. The actual coal stratification was formed at the beginning of the Eocene period and detailed compositions of the strata are reported. The hydro-geological conditions are discussed in relation to the mining operation safety. The coal mining operation started in 1922 and the present recoverable coal reserves are estimated at 17,202 k-ton with an average heat capacity of the material of 13,741 kJ/kg.
99101760 apparent?
How far does chemical structure of coals become
Nomura, M. Kagaku to Kogyo (Tokyo), 1998, 51, (lo), 1579-1582. (In Japanese) van Krevelen’s suggested coal structure is reviewed. An application of the Ruthenium Ion Catalysed Oxidation (RICO reaction) and ‘3C-nuclear magnetic resonance are utilized in the research. 99101761
Hydrocarbon-generating macerals of Paleogene organic source rocks in the Huangxian basin (China)
Xiong, B. et al. Jinoghon Shiyoti Xueyuon Xuebao, 1997, 19, (2) 23-28, 35. (In Chinese) A high content of exinite and sapropelinite, especially resinite and alginite is contained in the organic sedimentary rocks of Paleogene from the Huangxian basin. These hydrogen-rich macerals showed different fluorescence properties. Based on the mode of occurrence and fluorescence feature, resinite was classified into three types. Results of GC/MS analyses showed a large amount of biomarkers of resin genetic sources in saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions. The resinite content exhibits a good correlation with the total content of hydrocarbons. Microscopy found a high concentration of exsudatinites in the Huangxian organic source rocks. The resinite and alginite are the important source materials for early hydrocarbon generation in the Paleogene organic source rocks in Huangxian basin.
Ignition of coal particles at high pressure in a 99101762 thermogravimetric analyser Sun, C. L. and Zhang, M. Y. Combust. Flame, 1998, 115, (l/2), 267-274. A thermogravimetric analyser, which can simultaneously measure the temperatures of the sample and ambient gas, has been used in a detailed experimental study of the ignition of coal particles at high pressure. Eight Chinese coals and three chars were used in four size fractions. The criterion for ignition is discussed and a new one is suggested to deduce whether the mechanism is homogeneous or heterogeneous. The influence of different factors, such as total pressure, oxygen partial pressure, particle size, heating rate and volatile content is studied. The ignition temperature decreases when the total pressure is increased in gas of constant composition. However, with the same oxygen partial pressure, the ignition temperature increases with total pressure. Changing the particle size, heating rate and volatile content has the same effect at atmospheric and elevated pressures. It is suggested that at high pressures, the ignition mechanism may shift from homogeneous to heterogeneous.
Influence of geology on coal utilization 99101763 Gentzis, T. and Goodarzi, F. Prepr. Ext. Abstr. ACS Natl. Chem. Sot., Div. Environ. Chem., 1998, 38, (2), 148-150. A comparison is made between the trace elemental composition oxide concentrations in coals from western Canada and the depositional environment, tectonics, age, rank and hydrolysis Metal concentrations of environmental concern and industrial emphasized.
Meet., Am. and major impacts of conditions. interest are
The influence of the behavior of minerals blended coal ash on fusion characteristics
99101764
in
Li, F. et al. Huazhong Ligong Daxue Xuebao, 1997, 25, (9), 4143. (In Chinese) Mixing ashes of three different types of coal produced two coal ash samples. The fusion point and mineral composition at deformation temperature of the samples were measured and analysed with a ternary phase diagram. A non-linear relationshio between the ash fusion ooint and the blended coal ratio was observed, suggesting low temperatuie eutectic melting of the minerals. There was a similarity between the mineral composition of the blends in a weak reducing atmosphere and at deformation temperature. The ternary system CaO-AlzOs-SiOz is presented in a ternary phase diagram.
Modeling of the relationship between trace ele99101765 ments and three species of sulfur in coal
Lu, X.-H. et al. J. Environ. Sci. (China), 1998, 10, (2), 216-222. Three variables regression equations relate the contents of trace elements beryllium, cadmium, cobalt, lead, copper, nickel and arsenic and three species of sulfur in coal, based on the determination of several trace elements in coal particulate of different specific gravity. The regression equations were successfully used for prediction of the trace elements cadmium, cobalt, lead, copper and nickel in individual parts of coal with different specific gravity. Factor analysis was also used to analyse the data
Solid fuels (sources, winning, properties)
sets. A three-factor model can interpret the data sets reasonablv well. Trace elements cadmium, cobalt, lead, copper, nickel, inorganic sulfide and total sulfur in coal are correlated with the first factor. Trace elements bervllium. sulfate and organic sulfide are correlated with the second factor and trace elements chromium and arsenic are correlated with the third factor. The chemical properties of these elements are used to interpret the factors. 99101766 Molecular stable carbon isotope compositions of alkylphenanthrenes in coals and marine shales related to source and maturity Radke, M. et al. Org. Geochem., 1998, 28, (12), 785-795. A comparison is made between phenanthrene (PHE) and methylphenanthrenes (MPs) extracted from coaly shale and coal samples containing terrestrial organic matter and the same compounds from marine shales in terms of yields and 6i3C values at marginally to fully mature stages of thermal evolution. The shales derived from four boreholes in the Hils HalfGraben area, north-western Germanv, were shown to be reoresentative of a greater number of samples from the same sites. The’6”C values of extractable PHE and MPs are less negative in the terrestrial than in the marine samples. Since these values-are unrelated to mean vitrinite reflectance values in the range of 0.5&9%, it appears that the organic matter rather than maturity controls the stable carbon isotope composition of PHE and MPs. 99101767 Monitoring of ash content and moisture of coal Mikhailov, G. I. and Davydov, M. V. Prib. Sist. Upr., 1998, (6), 56-58. (In Russian) A study of the developmental trends in coal ash and moisture analysis. Coal ash is mainly determined by apparatus using ionization radiation. Moisture content is analysed using ultrahigh frequency technique. 99101766 Paramagnetic relaxation of ferric ‘oxyhydroxide’ in Victorian brown coal and its structural implications Bocquet, S. et al. Physical Chem. Miner., 1998, 25, (5) 328-337. There is strong evidence from the Moessbauer effect and magnetization measurements which shows that the principal form of native and introduced iron in Victorian brown coals is as isolated Fe3+ ions octahedrally coordinated to a range of oxygen-containing ligands. The mean iron-iron separation is less than expected from a uniform distribution, but there is strong evidence against clustering. All experimental evidence is consistent with these iron ions being located in the water bridges between the coal micelles. Although the Fe3+ ions remain paramagnetic down to 4.2 K, magnetic coupling between nearby Fe3+ ions causes slow paramagnetic relaxation in the low temperature Moessbauer spectra.
99101769 Petrological characteristics of middle part of beneficiated coal Zen& F. and Wang, Z. Rnnliao Huaxue Xuebao, 1998, 26, (2), 165-169. (In Chinese) Compared to raw coal, coal petrological characteristics are very different. Coal microlithotvue is more imoortant for the further benefit of middline coal. Almost ali’microlithotype contains minerals, e.g. clay and pyrite. Minerals sporadically distribute as fines in this coal. The size of pyrite is finer than 10 p and the clay is about 20 1. There is also a great difference in the petrology of the coal at a different density of the flotation-sink separation. 99101770 Predicting the potential of coals for upgrading Leney, M. et al. IChemE- Res. Event, Two-Day Symp., 1998,607-615. The batch pyrolysis took place of 11 coals, varying in rank from lignite to bituminous, at 500°C. The pyrolysis products were-held in the reactor. The relationship between petrographical, gaseous products and increased calorific value of the semicoke was examined in order to find a link between a coal’s reflectance and its potential for upgrading. Using oil immersion microscopy, the ratio of calorific value of the semicoke to the parent coal decreased with increasing coal reflectance. Gas yields were better predicted using ultimate analyses, correlating poorly with reflectance.
99101771 Quantification of the term ‘geological assurance’ in coal classification using geostatistical methods Diehl, P. Schrifienr. GDMB, 1997, 79, 187-203. The term ‘geological assurance’ was quantified by geostatistics in reserves/ resources classification. Because of the numerous pitfalls and prerequisites associated with statistical estimation variances, the proposal of this paper is restricted to coal deposits that were little affected by tectonics. Topics discussed include the general concept of risk in reserve/resource classification, the uncertainties in geological parameters, risk as defined by statistics, the reserves/resources classes to which geostatistics can be applied, pitfalls encountered in geostatistical risk assessments and recommendations for coal classification.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 1999
165