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01970 Stabilization method of coal-water slurries
02
Liquid fuels (economics,
business, marketing, policy)
Methodological aspects of expressing 98101984 clency of refinery power plant
the effi-
Popovic, D. and Perisic, R. Per. Coal, 1997, 39, (3), 30-35. The technological and economic aspects of the petroleum refinery power plant efficiency are analysed. In the technological process of coupled products, making calculations, i.e. determining the cost prices presents a challenge for experts of interdisciplinary teams dealing with the calculations of cost prices. This demands permanent improvements to existing, as well as a search for new, instruments and measures for monitoring the efficiency of technological processes.
98iO1985
Oil pressure detection device
Komata, N. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,269,2531 [97,269,253] (Cl. GOlF23/14). 14 Ott 1997, Appl. 96/102,058, 2 Apr 1996,5 pp. (In Japanese) This oil pressure detection device is applied for the remaining fuel in an outdoor kerosene tank in a combustion apparatus. It comprises an oil strainer and a detection apparatus opposite to an air-withdrawal passage of the strainer, to which the strainer and the detection apparatus are connected by a connection part with a fastening part. A passageway is connected between the kerosene space of the detection apparatus and airwithdrawal passage in common with oil-strainer sides. The oil pressure of the kerosene supplied to the strainer can be measured, thus detecting the remainder of the kerosene in the tank. 98iO1988
Platinum metal fuel additive for water-containing
fuels
98101972
Trends PER+Mega Project
in petrochemistry.
Description
of the
Crok, M. Chemical Msg., 1997, (11). 419-422. (The Netherlands) The paper describes the design and construction of a very large petroleum refining-petrochemical complex, the PER+Mega Project, at Pernis in The Netherlands. The complex is very large and is based on gasification of petroleum residues to provide H z for an 8000 tonnes/day (capacity) hydrocracker for processing of vacuum distillates from the petroleum refining units. Higher value products, such as naptha and gasoline are processed from the resulting lighter distillates. Synthesis gas can be produced in large quantities from the gasification units for expansion into Ci-based petrochemicals.
The use of coal liquefaction catalysts for coal/oil coprocessing and heavy oil upgrading
98io1973
Cugini, A. V. et al. Prepr. Am. Chemical Sot., Div. Pet. Chem., 1997, 42, (2), 433-436. Manv recent studies have addressed the catalvtic hvdrozenation of coal and model solvents using dispersed or supported catalysts ardifferent pressures. The effectiveness of these catalysts has been studied in coal liquefaction and coal-oil coprocessing. Coal-otl coprocessing involves the co-reaction of coal and petroleum-derived oil or residue. Both dispersed and supported catalysts are effective in these systems at elevated Hz pressures. A combination of catalyst concentration and solvent quality could be used to compensate for reductions in H2 pressure.
Peter-Hoblyn, J. D. er al. U.S. US 5,693,106 (Cl. 44-301; ClOL1/32), 2 Dee 1997, US Appl. 251,520, 31 May 1994, 8 pp. Cont.-in-part of US 5,584,894. In fuel environments which make the exclusion of water impractical, platinum group metal fuel additives are effective. The additives comprise a platinum group metal compound and a water-functional composition selected from the group consisting of lipophilic emulsifiers, lipophilic organic compounds in which water is miscible and mixtures of these. Preferably, the additives are effective in fuel compositions with water contents of at least -0.01% water by weight.
Economics, Business, Marketing, Policy
Accounting for growth of total factor productivity as output with exhaustible resource rent: the Kuwaiti oil industry
98lo1974
Pre aration of dispersed petroleum-coal 98101987 sions by cavitat Pon Koval’shuk,
98iO1988
T. N. er al.
suspen-
Khim. Tverd. Topl., 1997, (1), 79-81. (In Russian)
Recycling of waste vegetable oils
Takehara, A. et al. Okayomaken Kogyo Gijutsu Senta Hokohu, 1997, 23, 89-90. (In Jauanese) Each y&r in japan, 400,000 tons of waste vegetable oils are discharged and 90% of those from commercial facilities is recycled into animal foods and fertilizers. This study investigates the effects of waste vegetable oil, blended in kerosene, on exhaust gases and the combustion system, where the mixed fuel is burnt for 5 h/dav for 6 months in a heater for small-size domestic hot-water supply system. No abnormal conditions are observed both in exhaust gases and system. The low volatility of vegetable oil, however, makes it hrapplicabld to fan heaters.
The Shell gasification technology solutions for refineries and utility companies
98101989
offers clean
Vlaswinkel, E. E. et al. Inst. Chem. Eng Symp. Ser., 1997, 143, 81-90. The Shell (non-catalytic partial oxidization) gasification technology for production of synthesis gas from a variety of hydrocarbon feedstocks (e.g. coal, lignite, petroleum distillates and residues, natural gas) is reviewed here. Although synthesis gas has been used mainly as a feedstock for chemical manufacturing, a relatively new application is combustion of synthesis gas. Shell developed and successfully applied two dedicated gasification technologies: the Shell Gasification Process (SGP) for gaseous and liquid feed stocks and the Shell Coal Gasification Process (SCGP) for coal, lignite, and petroleum coke. The PER+ Shell Refinery project in the Netherlands is a recent example of the application of SGP to meet product volume and quality for clean and lighter transportation fuels. The design and operation of several parts of the gasification and related units are given. Part of the synthesis gas is being used in a 120-MW combined cycle, replacing a conventional utility unit, and a 250-MW coal gasification combined-cycle plant based on SCGP was recently built using a low-cost feedstock with feed flexibility and superior environmental performance.
98101970
Stabilization method of coal-water slurries
Kawaide, M. er al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,328,693 [97,328,693] (Cl. ClOL1/32), 22 Dee 1997, Appl. 96/151,240, 12 Jun 1996, 6 pp. (In japanese) Coal-water slurries can be stabilized by adding (a) copolymers with a molecular weight of 1000-40,000, containing unsaturated sulfonic acid components (gg. AMPS) and 10-90 mol% -unsaturated carboxylic acid components selected from 11 of acrylic acid and methactylic acid, and (b) anionic dispersants.
Treatment agqt for high-viscosity oils 98lo1971 Okura, H. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,296,162 (97,296,162] (Cl. CO9K3/32), 18 Nov 1997, Appl. 96/110,773,1 May 1996,8 pp. (In Japanese) This agent, especially for dispersing treatment of oil spills from ocean waters, contains polvoxvethylene sorbitol fatty acid esters (HLB lo-13), non-ionic surfactants (HLB i-6) and hydrocarbon solvents.
180 Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 1998
Al-Ebraheem, Y. and Shebeb, B. The Journal of Energy and Development, 22, (1), 67-79. In the area of growth, all previous studies concentrate on the contribution of various factors of production to the growth of total factor productivity (TFP). However, a review of existing literature indicates that there has been very little attention devoted to analysing the effect of the stock depletion of an exhaustible resource on a country’s growth. It has been assumed that the effect was largely negligible. Moreover, most existing literature does not address the issue of how the resource stock depletion could affect the growth of an exhaustible resource-based economy. The critical question of how the stock depletion of an exhaustible resource could affect the growth of an exhaustible resource-extracting industry in an open economyKuwaiti oil industry-by taking into account the exhaustible resource rent in erowth accountine. is addressed. This treatment of the resource rent enibles us to identifll’and measure the effect of the resource depletion on the growth rates of both gross output and TFP. It also has been shown, in the context of Kuwait, that the rent of an exhaustible resource could give considerably different results from the classical growth accounting procedures.
98lOl975 Activities implemented Jointly and the use of fuel alcohol in Brazil for abating CO2 emissions Ribeiro, S. K. and Rosa, L. P. Energy Policy, 1998, 26, (2), 103-111. COz gas emissions abatement together with the rational uses of energy from clean sources is recognized as a world-wide priority. This paper focuses on the possibilities for stimulating and expanding the production of fuel alcohol from sugarcane and [he generation of thermoelectricity from bagasse, in the context of Activities Implemented Jointly. A methodology for calculating the CO2 abatement costs in different scenarios for the use of fuel alcohol and bagasse is presented. The base scenario is constructed starting from an estimate of the motor vehicle fleet run on gasoline and on fuel alcohol. It is assumed the decreasing of alcohol vehicle fleet, as it happens now, and a blend of gasoline with only 10% of anhydrous alcohol. So, it is calculated the consumption of gasoline and alcohol up to the time horizon at the year 2010, as well as the total fuel costs using different hypothesis for the oil price. The alcohol cost is taken as constant in dollars of 1994 and equal to its value just before the overvalorization of the exchange rate between the Brazilian currency (Real-RS) and the USS. It is assumed that this exchange rate will probably be changed in the next years. It is considered in the base scenario alternatives of electricitv expansion using coal, fuel oil and natural gas. The carbon emissions and ihermoelectricity generation are obtained in two scenarios for abating COz emissions by alcohol vehicle fleet besides the use of a blend of gasoline and 22% aicohol, as well as by implementing electricity generation with sugar cane baeasse. It is calculated the olanted area with sugar cane to meet the al&ho1 and bagasse demand i; each scenario. The ibatement costs in the different scenarios, taking as reference the base scenario, is calculated. The main conclusion is that the abatement cost decreases along the time and with the increase of CO2 abatement, reaching a value lower than US$ 10 t-’ CO2 in the year 2010.
Liquid fuels (economics,
business, marketing, policy)
Methodological aspects of expressing 98101984 clency of refinery power plant
the effi-
Popovic, D. and Perisic, R. Per. Coal, 1997, 39, (3), 30-35. The technological and economic aspects of the petroleum refinery power plant efficiency are analysed. In the technological process of coupled products, making calculations, i.e. determining the cost prices presents a challenge for experts of interdisciplinary teams dealing with the calculations of cost prices. This demands permanent improvements to existing, as well as a search for new, instruments and measures for monitoring the efficiency of technological processes.
98iO1985
Oil pressure detection device
Komata, N. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,269,2531 [97,269,253] (Cl. GOlF23/14). 14 Ott 1997, Appl. 96/102,058, 2 Apr 1996,5 pp. (In Japanese) This oil pressure detection device is applied for the remaining fuel in an outdoor kerosene tank in a combustion apparatus. It comprises an oil strainer and a detection apparatus opposite to an air-withdrawal passage of the strainer, to which the strainer and the detection apparatus are connected by a connection part with a fastening part. A passageway is connected between the kerosene space of the detection apparatus and airwithdrawal passage in common with oil-strainer sides. The oil pressure of the kerosene supplied to the strainer can be measured, thus detecting the remainder of the kerosene in the tank. 98iO1988
Platinum metal fuel additive for water-containing
fuels
98101972
Trends PER+Mega Project
in petrochemistry.
Description
of the
Crok, M. Chemical Msg., 1997, (11). 419-422. (The Netherlands) The paper describes the design and construction of a very large petroleum refining-petrochemical complex, the PER+Mega Project, at Pernis in The Netherlands. The complex is very large and is based on gasification of petroleum residues to provide H z for an 8000 tonnes/day (capacity) hydrocracker for processing of vacuum distillates from the petroleum refining units. Higher value products, such as naptha and gasoline are processed from the resulting lighter distillates. Synthesis gas can be produced in large quantities from the gasification units for expansion into Ci-based petrochemicals.
The use of coal liquefaction catalysts for coal/oil coprocessing and heavy oil upgrading
98io1973
Cugini, A. V. et al. Prepr. Am. Chemical Sot., Div. Pet. Chem., 1997, 42, (2), 433-436. Manv recent studies have addressed the catalvtic hvdrozenation of coal and model solvents using dispersed or supported catalysts ardifferent pressures. The effectiveness of these catalysts has been studied in coal liquefaction and coal-oil coprocessing. Coal-otl coprocessing involves the co-reaction of coal and petroleum-derived oil or residue. Both dispersed and supported catalysts are effective in these systems at elevated Hz pressures. A combination of catalyst concentration and solvent quality could be used to compensate for reductions in H2 pressure.
Peter-Hoblyn, J. D. er al. U.S. US 5,693,106 (Cl. 44-301; ClOL1/32), 2 Dee 1997, US Appl. 251,520, 31 May 1994, 8 pp. Cont.-in-part of US 5,584,894. In fuel environments which make the exclusion of water impractical, platinum group metal fuel additives are effective. The additives comprise a platinum group metal compound and a water-functional composition selected from the group consisting of lipophilic emulsifiers, lipophilic organic compounds in which water is miscible and mixtures of these. Preferably, the additives are effective in fuel compositions with water contents of at least -0.01% water by weight.
Economics, Business, Marketing, Policy
Accounting for growth of total factor productivity as output with exhaustible resource rent: the Kuwaiti oil industry
98lo1974
Pre aration of dispersed petroleum-coal 98101987 sions by cavitat Pon Koval’shuk,
98iO1988
T. N. er al.
suspen-
Khim. Tverd. Topl., 1997, (1), 79-81. (In Russian)
Recycling of waste vegetable oils
Takehara, A. et al. Okayomaken Kogyo Gijutsu Senta Hokohu, 1997, 23, 89-90. (In Jauanese) Each y&r in japan, 400,000 tons of waste vegetable oils are discharged and 90% of those from commercial facilities is recycled into animal foods and fertilizers. This study investigates the effects of waste vegetable oil, blended in kerosene, on exhaust gases and the combustion system, where the mixed fuel is burnt for 5 h/dav for 6 months in a heater for small-size domestic hot-water supply system. No abnormal conditions are observed both in exhaust gases and system. The low volatility of vegetable oil, however, makes it hrapplicabld to fan heaters.
The Shell gasification technology solutions for refineries and utility companies
98101989
offers clean
Vlaswinkel, E. E. et al. Inst. Chem. Eng Symp. Ser., 1997, 143, 81-90. The Shell (non-catalytic partial oxidization) gasification technology for production of synthesis gas from a variety of hydrocarbon feedstocks (e.g. coal, lignite, petroleum distillates and residues, natural gas) is reviewed here. Although synthesis gas has been used mainly as a feedstock for chemical manufacturing, a relatively new application is combustion of synthesis gas. Shell developed and successfully applied two dedicated gasification technologies: the Shell Gasification Process (SGP) for gaseous and liquid feed stocks and the Shell Coal Gasification Process (SCGP) for coal, lignite, and petroleum coke. The PER+ Shell Refinery project in the Netherlands is a recent example of the application of SGP to meet product volume and quality for clean and lighter transportation fuels. The design and operation of several parts of the gasification and related units are given. Part of the synthesis gas is being used in a 120-MW combined cycle, replacing a conventional utility unit, and a 250-MW coal gasification combined-cycle plant based on SCGP was recently built using a low-cost feedstock with feed flexibility and superior environmental performance.
98101970
Stabilization method of coal-water slurries
Kawaide, M. er al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,328,693 [97,328,693] (Cl. ClOL1/32), 22 Dee 1997, Appl. 96/151,240, 12 Jun 1996, 6 pp. (In japanese) Coal-water slurries can be stabilized by adding (a) copolymers with a molecular weight of 1000-40,000, containing unsaturated sulfonic acid components (gg. AMPS) and 10-90 mol% -unsaturated carboxylic acid components selected from 11 of acrylic acid and methactylic acid, and (b) anionic dispersants.
Treatment agqt for high-viscosity oils 98lo1971 Okura, H. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,296,162 (97,296,162] (Cl. CO9K3/32), 18 Nov 1997, Appl. 96/110,773,1 May 1996,8 pp. (In Japanese) This agent, especially for dispersing treatment of oil spills from ocean waters, contains polvoxvethylene sorbitol fatty acid esters (HLB lo-13), non-ionic surfactants (HLB i-6) and hydrocarbon solvents.
180 Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 1998
Al-Ebraheem, Y. and Shebeb, B. The Journal of Energy and Development, 22, (1), 67-79. In the area of growth, all previous studies concentrate on the contribution of various factors of production to the growth of total factor productivity (TFP). However, a review of existing literature indicates that there has been very little attention devoted to analysing the effect of the stock depletion of an exhaustible resource on a country’s growth. It has been assumed that the effect was largely negligible. Moreover, most existing literature does not address the issue of how the resource stock depletion could affect the growth of an exhaustible resource-based economy. The critical question of how the stock depletion of an exhaustible resource could affect the growth of an exhaustible resource-extracting industry in an open economyKuwaiti oil industry-by taking into account the exhaustible resource rent in erowth accountine. is addressed. This treatment of the resource rent enibles us to identifll’and measure the effect of the resource depletion on the growth rates of both gross output and TFP. It also has been shown, in the context of Kuwait, that the rent of an exhaustible resource could give considerably different results from the classical growth accounting procedures.
98lOl975 Activities implemented Jointly and the use of fuel alcohol in Brazil for abating CO2 emissions Ribeiro, S. K. and Rosa, L. P. Energy Policy, 1998, 26, (2), 103-111. COz gas emissions abatement together with the rational uses of energy from clean sources is recognized as a world-wide priority. This paper focuses on the possibilities for stimulating and expanding the production of fuel alcohol from sugarcane and [he generation of thermoelectricity from bagasse, in the context of Activities Implemented Jointly. A methodology for calculating the CO2 abatement costs in different scenarios for the use of fuel alcohol and bagasse is presented. The base scenario is constructed starting from an estimate of the motor vehicle fleet run on gasoline and on fuel alcohol. It is assumed the decreasing of alcohol vehicle fleet, as it happens now, and a blend of gasoline with only 10% of anhydrous alcohol. So, it is calculated the consumption of gasoline and alcohol up to the time horizon at the year 2010, as well as the total fuel costs using different hypothesis for the oil price. The alcohol cost is taken as constant in dollars of 1994 and equal to its value just before the overvalorization of the exchange rate between the Brazilian currency (Real-RS) and the USS. It is assumed that this exchange rate will probably be changed in the next years. It is considered in the base scenario alternatives of electricitv expansion using coal, fuel oil and natural gas. The carbon emissions and ihermoelectricity generation are obtained in two scenarios for abating COz emissions by alcohol vehicle fleet besides the use of a blend of gasoline and 22% aicohol, as well as by implementing electricity generation with sugar cane baeasse. It is calculated the olanted area with sugar cane to meet the al&ho1 and bagasse demand i; each scenario. The ibatement costs in the different scenarios, taking as reference the base scenario, is calculated. The main conclusion is that the abatement cost decreases along the time and with the increase of CO2 abatement, reaching a value lower than US$ 10 t-’ CO2 in the year 2010.