- Email: [email protected]
02084 How should fluorocarbon refrigerants be evaluated opposite the global climate change issue?
15 Environment %I02071 C$utipan,
(pollution, health protectibn, safety)
Foaail fuel blodegradatlon: Laboratory atudlea P. J. et al., Envimn Health Perspeck Supple, 1995, 103, (S),
- * Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in creosote oil by undefined bacterial cultures was shown to be arcompanied by the accumulation of neutral and acidic oxidation products. Formation of a number of identified neutral products is accotmted for by demonstration of anomalous action of an arene dioxygenase on the benxylic methylene and methvlenc carbons of naphthenoaromatic hydrocarbons: Both neutral and acidic water soluble fractions are also formed when various mixed bacterial cultures degrade weathered crude oil.
%I02072 Fungal bloaor tlon - An altarnatlva troatmant optlon for haav matal baar Png waatowatrra: A ravlaw Technology, 199553, (3), Ka5xx& A. and Vtraraghavan, T. Biorewurce - . Ra id industrialization has led to increased disposal of heavy metals and 10 nuclides into the environment. Removal of heavy metals and radio mrclides from metal-bearing wastewater is usually achieved by physicochemical processes before discharging the effluents into natural waterbod systems. This paper reviews the removal of heavy metals and radio nut rides by fungi.
tat!
%I02073 Gamma and alpha apactrometry for natural radloactive nuclldaa In the apa watora of Extramadura (S aln) Sanchez, A. M. et al., J. Environ. Radioactivity, 1995, 28, PZ), 209-220. Gamma and alpha spectrometry of waters from several spas of Extremadura (Spain) were performed in order to determine their radioactivity. 98/02074 Go8 dottrctlon Armitaae, A. Control In&n.. Jul. 1995, 27, f7), 19-20, 22. Discus& the detection and monitoring oftoxic’and infIammable gases by sensors based on electrochemical cells or infrared technology. %I02075 aeawatar KakJ$a,
A gas-lift
ayatrm
T. et al., Energy
Cowers.
for CO, rslraaa Mgmt.,
Into ahallow
Jun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (a),
The GLAD system is proposed for the injection and dissolution of CO, gas into the ocean. It is a pipeline of inverse U shape settled in the shallow sea. CO bubbles injected mto the pipe form a buoyant plume, but they dissolve wh iI c rising The dense solution is released from the other side of the pipe. In this pa cr, possibility of the authors’ concept is confmcd by the numerical simllr-atton of gas-liquid two-phase flow with a primitive model of CO, dissolution. %I02070 Global rnrrgy Wanda and anvlronmrntal lmpllcatlona Skinner, R. G. Energy & Environment, 1995, 6, (4), 263-282. The paper summarizes the IEA’s 1995 World Energy Outlook and the trends that it suggests for future fuel use.,along with some of the associated environmental implications, in particular the rise in CO, emissions. The paper also examines the policy context for actions deslgned to address environmental conccms and looks at some of the key areas for policy action, some of the approaches being taken by governments, and assesses the scope for success. 96102077 The global equivalence ratio concept and the formatron machanlama of carbon monoxlda In enclosure flrea Pitts, W. M. et al., Prog. Energy Cornbut., 1995, 21, (3), 197-237. This report summarizes a large number of investigations designed to characterize the formation of carbon monoxide (CO) in enclosure first - the most important factor in fire deaths. It includes a review analysis of the studies which form the basis for the global uivalence ratio (GER) concept. Past and very recent (some as yet unpub“t uhed) * investigations of CO formation in enclosure fires are reviewed. Based on the findings, two completely new mechanisms for the formation of CO, in addition to the uenching of a fire plume by a rich upper layer, which is described by the 8 ER concept, are identified. 96/02078 Global warming and carbon taxation. Optlmal pollcv and the role of admlnlatratlan coata W~llmms, hf. Energy Econom$ Oct. 1995, 17, (4), 319-327. The paper develops a model relatmg CO, emissions to atmospheric concentrations, global temperature change and economic damages.-For a variety of arameter assumptions, the model provides estimates of the marginal cost 0 Pemissions in various years. The optimal carbon tax is a function of the marginal emission cost and the costs of administering the tax. The paper demonstrates that under any reasonable assumptions, the optimal carbon tax is zero for at least several decades. 96lO2079 Tha Green laaur Faithfull. M. et al., Elect. Contractor. Seu. 1995. 27-30. Presents’four articles dealing with enviro~ental~concems design of buildings.
140
Fuel and Energy Abstract8
March 1996
affecting the
%I02080 Greening up Ita act Carpenter, A. Bldg., Get. 1995, (41), 50-54. Describes the new London headquarters of the Department of the Environment. The buildin has a curtain-walling system that controls tbe internal dimate, a heat and power cogeneration plant which provies up to 50% of the builing’s needs. %/02%1
Haa ndlatlon
The Swedish Nuclear Nyk-oping, Sweden
Training
protection & Safety
bacomo a health hazard? Center,
PO Box 1039, S-611 29
96iO2082 Heavy fuel 011: Accaptablr? Avallablo? Affordablr? Reeson, S. Energy Worh$ Jan. 1996, (235), 9-11. The author looks at the choices facing large industrial energy users, with the prospect of increasin y strict emissions limits. He concludes that flexibility, in the form of a $ ual fuel strategy, is often the best option. 96/02083 Hlgh l fflclency flue gas troatmont mathod and apparatua for sulfur oxlda and duat removal Morooka, K. et al., (Assigned to) Kansai Electric Power Co.; Mitsubishi Heavylnd.
Ltd,
JAP.
Pat. JP.O7,155,537,
Jun.
1995.
A process where flue gas containing SO= and coal dust is treated by heat exchanging in an air preheater. recovering heat in a gasheater, removmg dust in a dry electrostatic precipitator, and removmg !r 0, and removing remaining dust by an alkaline solution m a wet electrostattc preci itator. The flue gas may be treated for removing SO, by spraying with an BPkalme solution before entering the wet electrostatic precipitator. 96lO2004 How should fluorocarbon rafrlgaranta ba l valuatad oppoaltr the global climate change Iaaur? Vogelsberg, F. A. AIRAH.& Oct. 1995, 10, (19). 28-33. Discusses how refrigerant options should be evaluated and the parameters that must be taken into accotmt, and the application of total equivalent warming impact as an evaluation tool. %I02085 How to l ava l nargy whllr bolng mobllo? Schmidt, T. et al., Gas (Netherlands), Jun. 1995, 115, (6) 31-34. (In Flemish) Part Two of the series on ‘Lifestyle and energy consumption’ focuses on mobility. Over the last few years we have been moving more and more to the detriment of the environment. The car is largely to blame for this development. The Dutch Government has tried to make cars cleaner and more economical by setting stricter environmental requirements, making catalytic converters obligatory and fostering the use of unleaded petrol. At the same time, however, the Dutch are increasingly driving bigger cars, car manufacturers are offerinn faster. binaer and heavier cars and car drivers soon consider more economical .c&-a license to drive more kilometres. Holidays also offer an opportunity to save energy. CEA (Bureau for Communication and Advice on Ener and the Environment) and Gas calculated the environmental impact o9 three diffemet alternatives. 96/02%6 Hugo CO, atorago In Antarctlc lea aheat Honjou, T. and Sane, H. Energy Cowers. Mgmt., Jun.-Sep. 1995.36, (6), 501-504. The authors propose a CO,-storage using the artificial ice-caving on Antarctic ice sheet, which enables the inside to keep colder than outside average temperature of the Antarctic climate. It make‘spossible to store the dry-ice. CO, in the vast area on the Antarctic ice sheet. 96tO2087 Hydrogen aulphlds In coal mine8 FE? F. and Bofinger, C. SIMTARS (Australia),
Dec.
1995, 3, (l),
Disc&es hydrogen sulphide which is one of the many seam gases found in coal mines. It is often called ‘stink damp’. It usually occurs in small quantities and at shallow levels particularly in high sulphur coals. It has been reported in greater quantities in the Bowen Basin in Central Australia. %/020%
Icaland’a energy and rnvlronmrntal atratagy R. M. and Probert, S. D. Applied Energy, 199$53, (3), 245-281. In relation to its population, Icelanders are endowed with vast hydro and geothermal enerav resources. which to a lame extent 1>99%) await exploitation. For example, &land’s geothe&al resetv’cs alone are equivalent approximately, in energy terms, to one-third of the world’s currently known crude-oil reserves. Such readily available energy resources provtde diverse possibilities for new industrial developments and, if properly exploited, are likely to be major contributory factors in enhancing the average standard of living for Icelanders. To this end, a long-term strategy has been adopted by the Icelandic Government with regard to research and development. The pertinent Government policies are in several respects unique to Iceland because of its geographm location. Mackay,
(pollution, health protectibn, safety)
Foaail fuel blodegradatlon: Laboratory atudlea P. J. et al., Envimn Health Perspeck Supple, 1995, 103, (S),
- * Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in creosote oil by undefined bacterial cultures was shown to be arcompanied by the accumulation of neutral and acidic oxidation products. Formation of a number of identified neutral products is accotmted for by demonstration of anomalous action of an arene dioxygenase on the benxylic methylene and methvlenc carbons of naphthenoaromatic hydrocarbons: Both neutral and acidic water soluble fractions are also formed when various mixed bacterial cultures degrade weathered crude oil.
%I02072 Fungal bloaor tlon - An altarnatlva troatmant optlon for haav matal baar Png waatowatrra: A ravlaw Technology, 199553, (3), Ka5xx& A. and Vtraraghavan, T. Biorewurce - . Ra id industrialization has led to increased disposal of heavy metals and 10 nuclides into the environment. Removal of heavy metals and radio mrclides from metal-bearing wastewater is usually achieved by physicochemical processes before discharging the effluents into natural waterbod systems. This paper reviews the removal of heavy metals and radio nut rides by fungi.
tat!
%I02073 Gamma and alpha apactrometry for natural radloactive nuclldaa In the apa watora of Extramadura (S aln) Sanchez, A. M. et al., J. Environ. Radioactivity, 1995, 28, PZ), 209-220. Gamma and alpha spectrometry of waters from several spas of Extremadura (Spain) were performed in order to determine their radioactivity. 98/02074 Go8 dottrctlon Armitaae, A. Control In&n.. Jul. 1995, 27, f7), 19-20, 22. Discus& the detection and monitoring oftoxic’and infIammable gases by sensors based on electrochemical cells or infrared technology. %I02075 aeawatar KakJ$a,
A gas-lift
ayatrm
T. et al., Energy
Cowers.
for CO, rslraaa Mgmt.,
Into ahallow
Jun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (a),
The GLAD system is proposed for the injection and dissolution of CO, gas into the ocean. It is a pipeline of inverse U shape settled in the shallow sea. CO bubbles injected mto the pipe form a buoyant plume, but they dissolve wh iI c rising The dense solution is released from the other side of the pipe. In this pa cr, possibility of the authors’ concept is confmcd by the numerical simllr-atton of gas-liquid two-phase flow with a primitive model of CO, dissolution. %I02070 Global rnrrgy Wanda and anvlronmrntal lmpllcatlona Skinner, R. G. Energy & Environment, 1995, 6, (4), 263-282. The paper summarizes the IEA’s 1995 World Energy Outlook and the trends that it suggests for future fuel use.,along with some of the associated environmental implications, in particular the rise in CO, emissions. The paper also examines the policy context for actions deslgned to address environmental conccms and looks at some of the key areas for policy action, some of the approaches being taken by governments, and assesses the scope for success. 96102077 The global equivalence ratio concept and the formatron machanlama of carbon monoxlda In enclosure flrea Pitts, W. M. et al., Prog. Energy Cornbut., 1995, 21, (3), 197-237. This report summarizes a large number of investigations designed to characterize the formation of carbon monoxide (CO) in enclosure first - the most important factor in fire deaths. It includes a review analysis of the studies which form the basis for the global uivalence ratio (GER) concept. Past and very recent (some as yet unpub“t uhed) * investigations of CO formation in enclosure fires are reviewed. Based on the findings, two completely new mechanisms for the formation of CO, in addition to the uenching of a fire plume by a rich upper layer, which is described by the 8 ER concept, are identified. 96/02078 Global warming and carbon taxation. Optlmal pollcv and the role of admlnlatratlan coata W~llmms, hf. Energy Econom$ Oct. 1995, 17, (4), 319-327. The paper develops a model relatmg CO, emissions to atmospheric concentrations, global temperature change and economic damages.-For a variety of arameter assumptions, the model provides estimates of the marginal cost 0 Pemissions in various years. The optimal carbon tax is a function of the marginal emission cost and the costs of administering the tax. The paper demonstrates that under any reasonable assumptions, the optimal carbon tax is zero for at least several decades. 96lO2079 Tha Green laaur Faithfull. M. et al., Elect. Contractor. Seu. 1995. 27-30. Presents’four articles dealing with enviro~ental~concems design of buildings.
140
Fuel and Energy Abstract8
March 1996
affecting the
%I02080 Greening up Ita act Carpenter, A. Bldg., Get. 1995, (41), 50-54. Describes the new London headquarters of the Department of the Environment. The buildin has a curtain-walling system that controls tbe internal dimate, a heat and power cogeneration plant which provies up to 50% of the builing’s needs. %/02%1
Haa ndlatlon
The Swedish Nuclear Nyk-oping, Sweden
Training
protection & Safety
bacomo a health hazard? Center,
PO Box 1039, S-611 29
96iO2082 Heavy fuel 011: Accaptablr? Avallablo? Affordablr? Reeson, S. Energy Worh$ Jan. 1996, (235), 9-11. The author looks at the choices facing large industrial energy users, with the prospect of increasin y strict emissions limits. He concludes that flexibility, in the form of a $ ual fuel strategy, is often the best option. 96/02083 Hlgh l fflclency flue gas troatmont mathod and apparatua for sulfur oxlda and duat removal Morooka, K. et al., (Assigned to) Kansai Electric Power Co.; Mitsubishi Heavylnd.
Ltd,
JAP.
Pat. JP.O7,155,537,
Jun.
1995.
A process where flue gas containing SO= and coal dust is treated by heat exchanging in an air preheater. recovering heat in a gasheater, removmg dust in a dry electrostatic precipitator, and removmg !r 0, and removing remaining dust by an alkaline solution m a wet electrostattc preci itator. The flue gas may be treated for removing SO, by spraying with an BPkalme solution before entering the wet electrostatic precipitator. 96lO2004 How should fluorocarbon rafrlgaranta ba l valuatad oppoaltr the global climate change Iaaur? Vogelsberg, F. A. AIRAH.& Oct. 1995, 10, (19). 28-33. Discusses how refrigerant options should be evaluated and the parameters that must be taken into accotmt, and the application of total equivalent warming impact as an evaluation tool. %I02085 How to l ava l nargy whllr bolng mobllo? Schmidt, T. et al., Gas (Netherlands), Jun. 1995, 115, (6) 31-34. (In Flemish) Part Two of the series on ‘Lifestyle and energy consumption’ focuses on mobility. Over the last few years we have been moving more and more to the detriment of the environment. The car is largely to blame for this development. The Dutch Government has tried to make cars cleaner and more economical by setting stricter environmental requirements, making catalytic converters obligatory and fostering the use of unleaded petrol. At the same time, however, the Dutch are increasingly driving bigger cars, car manufacturers are offerinn faster. binaer and heavier cars and car drivers soon consider more economical .c&-a license to drive more kilometres. Holidays also offer an opportunity to save energy. CEA (Bureau for Communication and Advice on Ener and the Environment) and Gas calculated the environmental impact o9 three diffemet alternatives. 96/02%6 Hugo CO, atorago In Antarctlc lea aheat Honjou, T. and Sane, H. Energy Cowers. Mgmt., Jun.-Sep. 1995.36, (6), 501-504. The authors propose a CO,-storage using the artificial ice-caving on Antarctic ice sheet, which enables the inside to keep colder than outside average temperature of the Antarctic climate. It make‘spossible to store the dry-ice. CO, in the vast area on the Antarctic ice sheet. 96tO2087 Hydrogen aulphlds In coal mine8 FE? F. and Bofinger, C. SIMTARS (Australia),
Dec.
1995, 3, (l),
Disc&es hydrogen sulphide which is one of the many seam gases found in coal mines. It is often called ‘stink damp’. It usually occurs in small quantities and at shallow levels particularly in high sulphur coals. It has been reported in greater quantities in the Bowen Basin in Central Australia. %/020%
Icaland’a energy and rnvlronmrntal atratagy R. M. and Probert, S. D. Applied Energy, 199$53, (3), 245-281. In relation to its population, Icelanders are endowed with vast hydro and geothermal enerav resources. which to a lame extent 1>99%) await exploitation. For example, &land’s geothe&al resetv’cs alone are equivalent approximately, in energy terms, to one-third of the world’s currently known crude-oil reserves. Such readily available energy resources provtde diverse possibilities for new industrial developments and, if properly exploited, are likely to be major contributory factors in enhancing the average standard of living for Icelanders. To this end, a long-term strategy has been adopted by the Icelandic Government with regard to research and development. The pertinent Government policies are in several respects unique to Iceland because of its geographm location. Mackay,