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03262 Development of new FGD system
75 97lO3260 Design, installation, and first experience with semiconductor gas sensor fire alarm systems in coal supply areas Loebel, J. VGB Kraftwerkstech., 1996, 76, (ll), 933-935. (In German) Semiconductor gas sensors to detect smouldering fires in coal heaps are utilized in this fire alarm system. Tests confirmed its suitability for fires which are progressing slowly and generate little smoke. 97103261 Detoxification of fly ashes from RDF incineration plant Arcangeli, L. et al. Proc. Int. Conf. Solid Waste Technol. Manage.. 1995. 11, paper 7C2 8 pp. The results of experiments to develop an extraction process to reduce the leachability of heavy metals contained in the fly ashes from Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) combustion. This treatment aims to reduce the disposal costs of fly ashes by allowing their disposal in landfalls at lower environmental risk. 97103262 Ishizuka,
Development T.
et al.
Pr. Nauk.
of new FGD system Inst.
Chem.
Technol.
Nafty
1996,
(pollufion, health protection,
safety)
97103267 Effects of benzothiophene on male rats following short-term oral exposure Poon, R. et al. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 1997, 50, (I). 53-65. Male rats were studied following their short-term exposure to benzothiophene, a sulfur-containing heterocyclic present in petroleum, coal, and their derived products. This was carried out to investigate the systemic toxicity of these chemicals. The results obtained from the study showed benzothiophene produced adverse effects in male rats, including increased relative liver and kidney weights and increased urine output. Benzothiophene also caused increases in hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme activities of a phenobarbital type and a transient elevation in urinary ascorbic acid. 97103266 Effects of coal dust on IL-1 secretion by rat alveolar macrophage Qi, Z. et al. Gongye Weisheng Yu Zhiyebing. 1996. 22, (5). 262-264. (In Chinese) The results suggest that IL-1 is involved in the development of coal workers’ pneumoconiosis.
Weglu Politech.
and Adsorption in Fuel Processing and Environmental Protection), 121-125. (In Polish) Hokkaido Electrical Power Co., Inc. (HEPCO) has developed a new dry FGD absorbent prepared from fly ash, slaked lime and gypsum. Based on the demonstration test in 50,000 m/h scale, the new dry FGD plant constructed by Hitachi Ltd., was installed in Tomato-Atsuma coal-fired power station No. I unit of HEPCO in March 1991. The SO? removal efficiency exceeds 90%, while calcium utilization exceeds 80%. The spent absorbent has several unique properties and is utilized as a deodorant and sludge treatment agent. Wroclnw.,
Environment
55, (Catalysis
Disruption of protein tyrosine phosphate homeo97103263 stasis in bronchial epithelial cells exposed to oil fly ash Samet. J. M.et al. Am. J. Physiol., 1997, 272, (3, Pt. l), 426-432. Inflammatory mediator expression in human bronchial epithelial cells is induced by residual oil fly ash (ROFA). To identify intracellular signalling mechanisms activated by ROFA, the authors studied its effect on protein tyrosine phosphate metabolism in the human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS. Non-cytotoxic levels of ROFA induced significant dose- and timedependent increases in protein tyrosine phosphate levels in BEAS cells. The findings demonstrate that ROFA exposure disrupts protein tyrosine phosphate homeostasis in BEAS cells and suggest a possible mechanism that leads to increased synthesis of pro-inflammatory proteins in airway epithelial cells exposed to PMlO. The distribution and impact of acid rain, and its 97103264 countermeasures in China Yosui to Ha&i, 1997, 39, (2), 157-162. (In Xu, K. Q. and Sudo, R. Japanese) This paper addresses the distribution characteristics, impacts, and measures against acid deposition in China. Emissions of acidic pollutants, particularly from coal combustion, current air pollution situation in major Chinese cities, and characteristics of acid deposition are described. Acid deposition damages many crops and trees with a total annual cost of damage being 70 billion yen. Damage to construction such as bridges and TV towers is also very severe. To control SO: emissions, penalties, better efficiency of coal use and energy saving, emissions reduction, use of cleaner energy, and national and international co-operation for control are necessary. An economic method to remove air toxics 97103265 Tseng, S. et al. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 1996, 13, (2), 13691374.
When burned, trace amounts of heavy metals in fossil fuels produce air toxics. Without proper treatment of flue gas, release of large amounts of these heavy metals can severely pollute the environment as experienced in some developing countries. Electrostatic precipitators (ESP) are the most commonly used devices to reduce the particulate matter (PM) flue gas emissions at stationary sources such as coal-fired power plants. Over 99% of incoming PM can be removed if ESP is properly designed and operated. Wet scrubbers installed at power plants very effectively reduce PM emissions further. Some heavy metals removed by scrubbers are usually present in the form of dissolved cations in scrubbing liquors. Uncontrolled release of such liquors will pollute surface water. A simple method to remove dissolved heavy metals from simulated spent scrubbing liquors is reported. Liquors were prepared and doped with various amounts of Pb, Hg, Cu, Fe, and Zn ions. Test data clearly showed that a great majority of these cations were removed by this simple, economic technique. Implications of this technique at full scale facilities is discussed. Effect of pollutant oscillations on oil spreading on 97103266 the sea Abbey, T. M. et al. Int. J. Energy Res., 1997, 21, (7), 655-660. Analytical solutions for oil spreading on the sea are determined when the pollutant source fluctuates with time for a simple rectangular geometry. Both asymmetrical and symmetrical solutions in the direction perpendicular to the uniform tidal stream are derived. Only a micro computer is necessary to simulate these solutions.
97103269 Emergency-rescue operations during fires in long dead-end galleries Kholodov, V. P. et al. Ugol’ Ukr., 1996, (5-6), 53-55. (In Russian) The paper discusses the detection, prevention. and extinguishing of fires in Ukrainian coal mines.
97103270 Emission inventory of air pollutants in East Asia. II. Focused on estimation of NO, and CO2 emissions in China Higashino, H. et al. Taiki Kmkyo Gakkaishi, 1996, 31, (6). 262-281. (In Japanese) In order to establish an air pollutant emission inventory in East Asia, anthropogenic NO, and CO? emissions in China were studied. Total emission amounts were classified by energy demand sectors, provinces. and major cities using two grid systems: 80 x 80 km square and I” x I’ resolution. Appropriate emission factors are determined by reviewing previous studies in Europe, USA, and Japan, and accounting for combustion conditions and furnace types and sizes in China. Based on these emission factors, total amounts of 6.7 Tg NO, and 2543 Tg CO: were estimated to be emitted in China in 1990. The largest source of thermal consumption and air pollutants emissions were categories of fuel and energy demand, respectively.
97103271 Environmental problems in southwestern region of China. (Part 5) Hatta, K. Seikatsu to Kankyo, 1996, 41, (12). 50-56. (In Japanese) The environmental problems observed in rural and urban areas of the Guizhou province, China, including coal-firing energy source and air pollution, are discussed.
97103272 Examples of formation of explosive and superexplosive methane concentrations as a result of mine disturbance Matuszewski, K. Przegl. Gorn., 1996, 52, (9), 13-20. (In Polish) The author presents three examples of sudden methane emissions after bumps in the concentrations, the aftermath of which explosive and overexplosive concentrations of methane were created, are presented. It is pointed out, that in the aftermath of bumps in mining workings, a methane explosion, methane and coal dust explosion or exogenic fire, spontaneous coal ignition and creation of atmospheric unfit for breathing can occur. The cases of the sudden methane emissions observed in the Polish collieries in the aftermath of the bumps, allowed attention to be directed to the places of expected largest sudden methane emissions, connection of methane detectors with the methane metering (safety) dispatch room, as well as to the range of measurement frequency of the indicators controlling mine air. 97103273 Examples of MAK values and carcinogenicity classification for mixtures Reuter, U. el al. Food Chem. Toxicol., 1996 (Pub. 1997). 34, (I l/12), 1l671168. The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area (MAK Commission) generally sets MAR values for single pure substances. MAK values for mixtures are only established after specific toxicological evaluation of the particular mixture. In practice, there are a few cases in which a common MAK value for the sum of all components was set, in which the components of the mixture show comparable toxicological effects. For mixtures of isomers with different toxicological potentials, different MAK values for the single isomers are usually established. A safe threshold cannot be established for mixtures containing substances with a genotoxic and carcinogenic potential. These are categorized either according to the proven carcinogenicity of the mixture, or according to the carcinogenic substances included, as for pyrolysis products such as coal tars.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 1997
265
Development T.
et al.
Pr. Nauk.
of new FGD system Inst.
Chem.
Technol.
Nafty
1996,
(pollufion, health protection,
safety)
97103267 Effects of benzothiophene on male rats following short-term oral exposure Poon, R. et al. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 1997, 50, (I). 53-65. Male rats were studied following their short-term exposure to benzothiophene, a sulfur-containing heterocyclic present in petroleum, coal, and their derived products. This was carried out to investigate the systemic toxicity of these chemicals. The results obtained from the study showed benzothiophene produced adverse effects in male rats, including increased relative liver and kidney weights and increased urine output. Benzothiophene also caused increases in hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme activities of a phenobarbital type and a transient elevation in urinary ascorbic acid. 97103266 Effects of coal dust on IL-1 secretion by rat alveolar macrophage Qi, Z. et al. Gongye Weisheng Yu Zhiyebing. 1996. 22, (5). 262-264. (In Chinese) The results suggest that IL-1 is involved in the development of coal workers’ pneumoconiosis.
Weglu Politech.
and Adsorption in Fuel Processing and Environmental Protection), 121-125. (In Polish) Hokkaido Electrical Power Co., Inc. (HEPCO) has developed a new dry FGD absorbent prepared from fly ash, slaked lime and gypsum. Based on the demonstration test in 50,000 m/h scale, the new dry FGD plant constructed by Hitachi Ltd., was installed in Tomato-Atsuma coal-fired power station No. I unit of HEPCO in March 1991. The SO? removal efficiency exceeds 90%, while calcium utilization exceeds 80%. The spent absorbent has several unique properties and is utilized as a deodorant and sludge treatment agent. Wroclnw.,
Environment
55, (Catalysis
Disruption of protein tyrosine phosphate homeo97103263 stasis in bronchial epithelial cells exposed to oil fly ash Samet. J. M.et al. Am. J. Physiol., 1997, 272, (3, Pt. l), 426-432. Inflammatory mediator expression in human bronchial epithelial cells is induced by residual oil fly ash (ROFA). To identify intracellular signalling mechanisms activated by ROFA, the authors studied its effect on protein tyrosine phosphate metabolism in the human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS. Non-cytotoxic levels of ROFA induced significant dose- and timedependent increases in protein tyrosine phosphate levels in BEAS cells. The findings demonstrate that ROFA exposure disrupts protein tyrosine phosphate homeostasis in BEAS cells and suggest a possible mechanism that leads to increased synthesis of pro-inflammatory proteins in airway epithelial cells exposed to PMlO. The distribution and impact of acid rain, and its 97103264 countermeasures in China Yosui to Ha&i, 1997, 39, (2), 157-162. (In Xu, K. Q. and Sudo, R. Japanese) This paper addresses the distribution characteristics, impacts, and measures against acid deposition in China. Emissions of acidic pollutants, particularly from coal combustion, current air pollution situation in major Chinese cities, and characteristics of acid deposition are described. Acid deposition damages many crops and trees with a total annual cost of damage being 70 billion yen. Damage to construction such as bridges and TV towers is also very severe. To control SO: emissions, penalties, better efficiency of coal use and energy saving, emissions reduction, use of cleaner energy, and national and international co-operation for control are necessary. An economic method to remove air toxics 97103265 Tseng, S. et al. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 1996, 13, (2), 13691374.
When burned, trace amounts of heavy metals in fossil fuels produce air toxics. Without proper treatment of flue gas, release of large amounts of these heavy metals can severely pollute the environment as experienced in some developing countries. Electrostatic precipitators (ESP) are the most commonly used devices to reduce the particulate matter (PM) flue gas emissions at stationary sources such as coal-fired power plants. Over 99% of incoming PM can be removed if ESP is properly designed and operated. Wet scrubbers installed at power plants very effectively reduce PM emissions further. Some heavy metals removed by scrubbers are usually present in the form of dissolved cations in scrubbing liquors. Uncontrolled release of such liquors will pollute surface water. A simple method to remove dissolved heavy metals from simulated spent scrubbing liquors is reported. Liquors were prepared and doped with various amounts of Pb, Hg, Cu, Fe, and Zn ions. Test data clearly showed that a great majority of these cations were removed by this simple, economic technique. Implications of this technique at full scale facilities is discussed. Effect of pollutant oscillations on oil spreading on 97103266 the sea Abbey, T. M. et al. Int. J. Energy Res., 1997, 21, (7), 655-660. Analytical solutions for oil spreading on the sea are determined when the pollutant source fluctuates with time for a simple rectangular geometry. Both asymmetrical and symmetrical solutions in the direction perpendicular to the uniform tidal stream are derived. Only a micro computer is necessary to simulate these solutions.
97103269 Emergency-rescue operations during fires in long dead-end galleries Kholodov, V. P. et al. Ugol’ Ukr., 1996, (5-6), 53-55. (In Russian) The paper discusses the detection, prevention. and extinguishing of fires in Ukrainian coal mines.
97103270 Emission inventory of air pollutants in East Asia. II. Focused on estimation of NO, and CO2 emissions in China Higashino, H. et al. Taiki Kmkyo Gakkaishi, 1996, 31, (6). 262-281. (In Japanese) In order to establish an air pollutant emission inventory in East Asia, anthropogenic NO, and CO? emissions in China were studied. Total emission amounts were classified by energy demand sectors, provinces. and major cities using two grid systems: 80 x 80 km square and I” x I’ resolution. Appropriate emission factors are determined by reviewing previous studies in Europe, USA, and Japan, and accounting for combustion conditions and furnace types and sizes in China. Based on these emission factors, total amounts of 6.7 Tg NO, and 2543 Tg CO: were estimated to be emitted in China in 1990. The largest source of thermal consumption and air pollutants emissions were categories of fuel and energy demand, respectively.
97103271 Environmental problems in southwestern region of China. (Part 5) Hatta, K. Seikatsu to Kankyo, 1996, 41, (12). 50-56. (In Japanese) The environmental problems observed in rural and urban areas of the Guizhou province, China, including coal-firing energy source and air pollution, are discussed.
97103272 Examples of formation of explosive and superexplosive methane concentrations as a result of mine disturbance Matuszewski, K. Przegl. Gorn., 1996, 52, (9), 13-20. (In Polish) The author presents three examples of sudden methane emissions after bumps in the concentrations, the aftermath of which explosive and overexplosive concentrations of methane were created, are presented. It is pointed out, that in the aftermath of bumps in mining workings, a methane explosion, methane and coal dust explosion or exogenic fire, spontaneous coal ignition and creation of atmospheric unfit for breathing can occur. The cases of the sudden methane emissions observed in the Polish collieries in the aftermath of the bumps, allowed attention to be directed to the places of expected largest sudden methane emissions, connection of methane detectors with the methane metering (safety) dispatch room, as well as to the range of measurement frequency of the indicators controlling mine air. 97103273 Examples of MAK values and carcinogenicity classification for mixtures Reuter, U. el al. Food Chem. Toxicol., 1996 (Pub. 1997). 34, (I l/12), 1l671168. The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area (MAK Commission) generally sets MAR values for single pure substances. MAK values for mixtures are only established after specific toxicological evaluation of the particular mixture. In practice, there are a few cases in which a common MAK value for the sum of all components was set, in which the components of the mixture show comparable toxicological effects. For mixtures of isomers with different toxicological potentials, different MAK values for the single isomers are usually established. A safe threshold cannot be established for mixtures containing substances with a genotoxic and carcinogenic potential. These are categorized either according to the proven carcinogenicity of the mixture, or according to the carcinogenic substances included, as for pyrolysis products such as coal tars.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 1997
265