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03748 Methane gas production from coal seams in the Saar basin (Germany) with surface drillings
03
Gaseous
fuels (derived
gaseous fuels)
Catalysis In the carbon-gas reaction 96103733 Bota, K. B. ef al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, (1) 699-702. Describes studies carried out in the laboratory on improving catalyst dispersion through a better understanding of the effects of coal surface properties on catalyst adsorption from solution. Also discusses the communication of CO, gasification of coal loaded with various potassium salts, Characterization of flow and chemical processes in 96103734 an underground gasifier at great depth Pirard, J. P. et al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, (1) 735-738. Describes an underground coal gasification cavity growth model which is an improved model in terms of flow and chemical process characterization. It is based on one main parameter, i.e., permeability ratio between low- and high-permeability zones. Coal gasification apparatus 96103735 Hashimoto, K. (Assigned to) Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind., JAP. Pat. JP.O7,278,575, Oct. 1995. The apparatus is equipped with a device to form a slurry by mixing a solids separated from the gases output from the gasification furnace, and a means to recycle the slurry into the gasification furnace. Coal gasifier with injectlon bed for prevention of 96103736 slag jam Sato, S. ef al., (Assigned to) Mitsubishi Heavy Ind. Ltd., JAP. Pat. JP.O7,292,368, Nov. 1995. The gasifier includes a chamber arranged underneath the slag-discharging section for auxiliary combustion using portion of produced gases by recycling back together with O,-rich gas via a nozzle. Cold model simulation for cyclone slagging gasi96103737 fier. 1. Flow pattern analysis of algebraic stress model Nakatake, Y. et al., Nipporl Kikai Gakkai Ronbwshu, B-her!, 1995, 61, (591), 4193-4200. (In Japanese) An isothermal swirling flow pattern in a cold model of a two-stage airinjection cyclone slagging gasifier is numerically analyzed to attain both hieh siae reiection and easification efficiencv bv eiucidatinn the optimum sh&e a;d doeration oarlmeters. In this numerical anaivsis ‘ihe turbulence Algebraic S;ress Model coupled with the QUICK method for discretization of the convective terms is adopted. The numerical mesh size is adjusted locally to stabilize the calculation. it is possible for this analysis treatment to simulate accurately the strong swirling turbulent flow field taking place in the gasifier. Degassing of retained mine safety pillars by uslng 96103738 various methods of decreasing mining output Uhli-Rudy-Geol. Pruzkum., 1995, 2, (11) Prokop, P. and Dragon, V. 346-348. (In Czech) Discusses the recovery of coal-bed methane by degassing, underground storage of gas, and enrichment of the CH,-air mixture on molecular sieves. Development of a draft tube spouted bed catalytic 96103739 coal gasifier Mihara, H. et al., Kagoshima Daigaku Kogukubu Ketrkyu Hokoku, 1995, 37. 71-75. (In Japanese) Gas productlon from coal seams of Interest to 98103740 Europe Reinders, A. Gas (Netherlands), May 1996, 116, (5), 16-18. (In Flemish) For two decades associated methane has been recovered from coal reserves in the USA for use in the gas industry. In America coal bed methane has eained a share of 3-4% of overall eas sunt~iv. In Eurooe. too. there has 6een interest in this source of energy-for some years. So fari no commercial activities have been initiated, however. Still, assumed reserves hold enough promise to head towards commercial production.
The influence of coal rank on formation of gaseous 96103743 hydrocarbons in hydrogasification of coal Karcz, A. and Porada, S. Fuel, Apr. 1995, 75, (5), 641-645. The kinetics of the formation of C,-C, hydrocarbons in hydrogasification of six coals covering a range of metamorphism were investigated. All experiments were carrted out under non-isothermal heating conditions at the rate of 3 K min” from ambient to 1200 K and under 2.5 MPa of hydrogen. Conversion ratios of carbon to the hydrocarbons as well as yields of the hydrocarbons in hydrogasification of the coals were calculated. Highest conversion to total gaseous products were observed for the medium-rank coals. Highest yields of methane were obtained with the older coals, whilst maximum yields of ethane and propane were obtained with the medium-rank coals. investigation of brown coal liquefaction residues 96103744 using light microscopy Shibaoka, M. et al., Fuel, May 1996, 75, (6), 775-779. In order to determine the effect of calcium on the gasification behaviour of brown coal, raw and calcium-exchanged brown coal particles were subiected to oartiai steam easification (55-81%) in a bench-scale fluidized bed ieactor operating at seiicted temperatures in the range 598 to 802°C and at 1.1 MPa. Morphological and reflectance analyses of the collected gasification char residues reveal that calcium inhibits the development of plasticity during brown coal gasification Examination of gasification residues of raw coal particles shows that preferential gasification occurs within the particle interior and the char particles display a wide distribution of reflectance values-a result of the broad range of residence times of particles in the fluidized bed reactor. iron catalyzed hydrogaslfication of brown coal char 96103745 promoted by spill-over hydrogen Matsumoto, S. and Nakada, M. Coal Sci. Tech&, 1995, 24, (l), 723-726. The hydrogasification of brown coal char loaded with Fe indicated the Discusses the relation between the hydrogen spillover mechanism. enhancement of gasification and methanation activity of the hydrogenation catalyst. Low methane selectivity using ColMnO catalyst for 96103746 the Fischer-Tropsch reaction: Effect of increasing pressure and co-feeding ethene Hutchings, G. J. et al., Top. Catal., 1995, 2, (l), 163-172. Discusses the CO hydrogenation using cobalt/manganese oxide catalysts. These catalysts are known to give low methane selectivity with high seiectivity to C, hydrocarbons at moderate reaction conditions. In this study the effect of reaction conditions more appropriate to industrial operation are investigated. Magnesium oxide catalyzed steam gasification of 96103747 naphthaiene Betancur, E. ef al., Coal Sci. Techrlol., 1995, 24, (1) 707-710. Describes the catalytic steam gasification of naphthaiene, a model compound of tars produced in coal gasification processes, A thermally activated magnesium oxide was used as a catalyst, The influences of reaction temperature, residence ttme, feed ratio and catalyst pretreatment, on the gaseous products yields was investigated. Methane gas production from coal seams In the 96103748 Saar basln (Germanv) with surface driiiinas Kaltwang, H.‘J. Erzm;;all., 1995, 48, (Y), 660-??67. (In German) The coal-bed methane project in Saar, Germany is described. The results of the project proved that cbalbed CH, production from deep wells can be realized in the Saar basin. Method and apparatus for control of lowering car96103749 bon monoxide concentration in town gas produced by steam reforming of naphtha Seto, M. (Assigned to) Tokyo Gas Co&d., JAP. Pat. JP.O7,316,568, Dec. 1995.
Gasification of coal as efficient means of environ98103741 ment protection and hydrogenation of heavy oil residues Krichko, A. A. and Maioietnev, A. S. Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, (1) 583-586. Discusses coal gasification for generation of clean thermal power. The upgrading of petroleum residues to gasoline and diesel fuel is also discussed.
96103750 Method and apparatus for manufacture of fuel gases from powdered solid fuels Siniakevith, B. (Assigned IO) Ormar lndusrries Ltd., Faming Zhuartli Sheqiq Goqkai Shuomirlgshu, CN. I, 101,660, Apr. 1995. (111Chinese)
mechanism of residuum Hydrogen atom 98103742 conversion Sanford, E. C. Can. Chem. News, 1996, 48, (1) 21-23. The paper describes how in the hydrocracking and catalytic hydrocracking of Athabasca tar-sand bitumen residues, the formation of a cyciohexadienyl radical intermediate was postulaed (formed by hydrogen atom attack on an aromatic ring of a coke molecule) to explain the reactivity of coke to form lighter products. In this mechanism, hydrocarbon gases are formed from an initial aiiphatic radical and not from decompositon of the condensed aromatic groups.
98103751 Method for producing methane gas from a coal seam using ultrasound Carroll, W. D. (Assigtzed to) 1V.D. Carroll, US Pat. lJS.5,462,116, Ocr. 1995. Describes a method and system for producing coal-bed methane gas from a wellbore. The method consists of drilling a wellbore so that a coal seam is intersected, and thereafter casing and completing the wellbore. A transducer is then lowered into the wellbore, with the transducer capable of converting electric energy to a sound energy. The transducer is then activated, and methane gas is then produced from the coal seam.
264
Fuel and Energy
Abstracts
July
1996
Gaseous
fuels (derived
gaseous fuels)
Catalysis In the carbon-gas reaction 96103733 Bota, K. B. ef al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, (1) 699-702. Describes studies carried out in the laboratory on improving catalyst dispersion through a better understanding of the effects of coal surface properties on catalyst adsorption from solution. Also discusses the communication of CO, gasification of coal loaded with various potassium salts, Characterization of flow and chemical processes in 96103734 an underground gasifier at great depth Pirard, J. P. et al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, (1) 735-738. Describes an underground coal gasification cavity growth model which is an improved model in terms of flow and chemical process characterization. It is based on one main parameter, i.e., permeability ratio between low- and high-permeability zones. Coal gasification apparatus 96103735 Hashimoto, K. (Assigned to) Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind., JAP. Pat. JP.O7,278,575, Oct. 1995. The apparatus is equipped with a device to form a slurry by mixing a solids separated from the gases output from the gasification furnace, and a means to recycle the slurry into the gasification furnace. Coal gasifier with injectlon bed for prevention of 96103736 slag jam Sato, S. ef al., (Assigned to) Mitsubishi Heavy Ind. Ltd., JAP. Pat. JP.O7,292,368, Nov. 1995. The gasifier includes a chamber arranged underneath the slag-discharging section for auxiliary combustion using portion of produced gases by recycling back together with O,-rich gas via a nozzle. Cold model simulation for cyclone slagging gasi96103737 fier. 1. Flow pattern analysis of algebraic stress model Nakatake, Y. et al., Nipporl Kikai Gakkai Ronbwshu, B-her!, 1995, 61, (591), 4193-4200. (In Japanese) An isothermal swirling flow pattern in a cold model of a two-stage airinjection cyclone slagging gasifier is numerically analyzed to attain both hieh siae reiection and easification efficiencv bv eiucidatinn the optimum sh&e a;d doeration oarlmeters. In this numerical anaivsis ‘ihe turbulence Algebraic S;ress Model coupled with the QUICK method for discretization of the convective terms is adopted. The numerical mesh size is adjusted locally to stabilize the calculation. it is possible for this analysis treatment to simulate accurately the strong swirling turbulent flow field taking place in the gasifier. Degassing of retained mine safety pillars by uslng 96103738 various methods of decreasing mining output Uhli-Rudy-Geol. Pruzkum., 1995, 2, (11) Prokop, P. and Dragon, V. 346-348. (In Czech) Discusses the recovery of coal-bed methane by degassing, underground storage of gas, and enrichment of the CH,-air mixture on molecular sieves. Development of a draft tube spouted bed catalytic 96103739 coal gasifier Mihara, H. et al., Kagoshima Daigaku Kogukubu Ketrkyu Hokoku, 1995, 37. 71-75. (In Japanese) Gas productlon from coal seams of Interest to 98103740 Europe Reinders, A. Gas (Netherlands), May 1996, 116, (5), 16-18. (In Flemish) For two decades associated methane has been recovered from coal reserves in the USA for use in the gas industry. In America coal bed methane has eained a share of 3-4% of overall eas sunt~iv. In Eurooe. too. there has 6een interest in this source of energy-for some years. So fari no commercial activities have been initiated, however. Still, assumed reserves hold enough promise to head towards commercial production.
The influence of coal rank on formation of gaseous 96103743 hydrocarbons in hydrogasification of coal Karcz, A. and Porada, S. Fuel, Apr. 1995, 75, (5), 641-645. The kinetics of the formation of C,-C, hydrocarbons in hydrogasification of six coals covering a range of metamorphism were investigated. All experiments were carrted out under non-isothermal heating conditions at the rate of 3 K min” from ambient to 1200 K and under 2.5 MPa of hydrogen. Conversion ratios of carbon to the hydrocarbons as well as yields of the hydrocarbons in hydrogasification of the coals were calculated. Highest conversion to total gaseous products were observed for the medium-rank coals. Highest yields of methane were obtained with the older coals, whilst maximum yields of ethane and propane were obtained with the medium-rank coals. investigation of brown coal liquefaction residues 96103744 using light microscopy Shibaoka, M. et al., Fuel, May 1996, 75, (6), 775-779. In order to determine the effect of calcium on the gasification behaviour of brown coal, raw and calcium-exchanged brown coal particles were subiected to oartiai steam easification (55-81%) in a bench-scale fluidized bed ieactor operating at seiicted temperatures in the range 598 to 802°C and at 1.1 MPa. Morphological and reflectance analyses of the collected gasification char residues reveal that calcium inhibits the development of plasticity during brown coal gasification Examination of gasification residues of raw coal particles shows that preferential gasification occurs within the particle interior and the char particles display a wide distribution of reflectance values-a result of the broad range of residence times of particles in the fluidized bed reactor. iron catalyzed hydrogaslfication of brown coal char 96103745 promoted by spill-over hydrogen Matsumoto, S. and Nakada, M. Coal Sci. Tech&, 1995, 24, (l), 723-726. The hydrogasification of brown coal char loaded with Fe indicated the Discusses the relation between the hydrogen spillover mechanism. enhancement of gasification and methanation activity of the hydrogenation catalyst. Low methane selectivity using ColMnO catalyst for 96103746 the Fischer-Tropsch reaction: Effect of increasing pressure and co-feeding ethene Hutchings, G. J. et al., Top. Catal., 1995, 2, (l), 163-172. Discusses the CO hydrogenation using cobalt/manganese oxide catalysts. These catalysts are known to give low methane selectivity with high seiectivity to C, hydrocarbons at moderate reaction conditions. In this study the effect of reaction conditions more appropriate to industrial operation are investigated. Magnesium oxide catalyzed steam gasification of 96103747 naphthaiene Betancur, E. ef al., Coal Sci. Techrlol., 1995, 24, (1) 707-710. Describes the catalytic steam gasification of naphthaiene, a model compound of tars produced in coal gasification processes, A thermally activated magnesium oxide was used as a catalyst, The influences of reaction temperature, residence ttme, feed ratio and catalyst pretreatment, on the gaseous products yields was investigated. Methane gas production from coal seams In the 96103748 Saar basln (Germanv) with surface driiiinas Kaltwang, H.‘J. Erzm;;all., 1995, 48, (Y), 660-??67. (In German) The coal-bed methane project in Saar, Germany is described. The results of the project proved that cbalbed CH, production from deep wells can be realized in the Saar basin. Method and apparatus for control of lowering car96103749 bon monoxide concentration in town gas produced by steam reforming of naphtha Seto, M. (Assigned to) Tokyo Gas Co&d., JAP. Pat. JP.O7,316,568, Dec. 1995.
Gasification of coal as efficient means of environ98103741 ment protection and hydrogenation of heavy oil residues Krichko, A. A. and Maioietnev, A. S. Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, (1) 583-586. Discusses coal gasification for generation of clean thermal power. The upgrading of petroleum residues to gasoline and diesel fuel is also discussed.
96103750 Method and apparatus for manufacture of fuel gases from powdered solid fuels Siniakevith, B. (Assigned IO) Ormar lndusrries Ltd., Faming Zhuartli Sheqiq Goqkai Shuomirlgshu, CN. I, 101,660, Apr. 1995. (111Chinese)
mechanism of residuum Hydrogen atom 98103742 conversion Sanford, E. C. Can. Chem. News, 1996, 48, (1) 21-23. The paper describes how in the hydrocracking and catalytic hydrocracking of Athabasca tar-sand bitumen residues, the formation of a cyciohexadienyl radical intermediate was postulaed (formed by hydrogen atom attack on an aromatic ring of a coke molecule) to explain the reactivity of coke to form lighter products. In this mechanism, hydrocarbon gases are formed from an initial aiiphatic radical and not from decompositon of the condensed aromatic groups.
98103751 Method for producing methane gas from a coal seam using ultrasound Carroll, W. D. (Assigtzed to) 1V.D. Carroll, US Pat. lJS.5,462,116, Ocr. 1995. Describes a method and system for producing coal-bed methane gas from a wellbore. The method consists of drilling a wellbore so that a coal seam is intersected, and thereafter casing and completing the wellbore. A transducer is then lowered into the wellbore, with the transducer capable of converting electric energy to a sound energy. The transducer is then activated, and methane gas is then produced from the coal seam.
264
Fuel and Energy
Abstracts
July
1996