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04711 Preparation of high density graphite materials from coal tar pitch
04
By-productsrelated fo fuels
Possible utlllzatlon of flue-gas desulturlzatlon gyp95/os710 sum and fly ash for citrus productlon evaluatlon of crop growth response Alva, A. K. Waste Manage. (NY), 1994, 14, (7), 621-627. The paper examines the effects of application of flue- as desul hurization *P ent to 4.48 gypsum, fly ash orchicken manure (eachsat 2 g/kg ~0i?, eq~rva mea), or apphcatlon of the former hvo In combmatlon with the latter, on sod properties as well as on growth and mineral nutrition of Cleopatra mandarin and Swingle citrumelo rootstock seedlings grown on a Myakka sand. Preparatlon of hlgh denslty graphltr materlals from 95/04711 coal tar pitch Park, Y. D. et aL, Proc Mater. Res. Sot. Symp., - Novel Forms of Carbon
Ir, 1994,349,43&I
The paper investi ates the preparation of high density graphite materials from coal tar pitc f . Preparatlon of Tugnul coal-based granulated sor95lo4712 bents. 2. Study of semlcoke actlvatlon recess Solodovnikova, I. V. Koks Khim., 1994, (10P, 16-19. (In Russian) The paper describes how a laboratory appar&s was set dp for the pieparetion of a sorbent from semicoke. The semicoke was heated at 4O-XWmin. and steam as an activation agent was introduced at 5500. After attaining 800”, temperature was held 45 min. Mechanical and physical properties of the resulting adsorbent were determined. The sorption characteristics were comparable to those of conventional activated carbon. %$&4713
Preparlng carbonqraphlte materlals wlth modlfled
ii, T. et aL, Jkie Gongcheng Cailiuo, 1994, 18, (I), 41-43. (In Chinese) Through the methods of crosslinking catalysis the popular medium ooal tar
impregnating rule for the Present and future use of coal ash In constructlon 95104714 and related appllcatlons Tvson. S. S. Proc Util. Ind &Prod Constr. Mater., AXE, New York, NY,, iJS4, l-14. The American Coal Ash Association Inc. IACAA) is an ornanixation of producers and marketers of coal comb&ion byproduct&-Throughout ACAA’s 25-year history its goal has been to gain recognition and acceptance of coal ash as an engineering material on par wit6 competing virgin, processed and manufactured materials by advancing coal ash uses that are technically proven, commercial effective and environmentally sound. An annual survey of coal-burning electric utilities is conducted by ACAA to determine the quantities of coal ash produced and used in the USA.
95104719 Purlflcatlon of fluorene Sekino,M. et al., (Assigned to) Ado Kemuko e
Jan. 1995. The purification of fluorene involves (a) distillin
JAP. Pat. JP.O7,02,705,
a fluorene-containin coal tar fraction to produce a fraction containing 6! %ormoreandupto f wt% dibenzofuran; (2 adding methanol to the fraction and obtaining fluorene crystals by #&ration. Fluorene with high purity was obtained using this method. 95104720 Reactlon pathways In coDrocesslna Stock, L. M. and Ettinger,‘M. D. -Prepr. P&-Am Ch& Sot., Div. Fuel Chem, 1995, 40, (l), l-3. The paper discusses the wprocessing of coal and petroleum resid in an 1800-mL rocking autoclave using a molybdenum-based catalyst, Gas analysis for deuterated methane, ethanes, propanes. butanes, butenes, benzenes, of thecoal and toluenes were carried out. Presents the extent of conversion and resid into gases, oils, resins, asphaltenes, and solids. Typical results that illustrate the manner in which deuterium is incorporated into the reaction products are shown.
Refinery hydrogen requirements - ‘Make’ versus 95104721 ‘Buy’ Guy,K. andSteur,N. Petroleum Review, May 1995,49, (580). 214-215. Discusses the market for refinery products which is mature and faced with intense competition and increasing regulations. The key to survival is lowering costs and increasing flexibility. Hydrogen increaser flexibility by allowing a refiner to react to market opportunities such as cheaper crude supplies and higher value transportation fuels and to meet clean fuel ngulations. Having access to addition hydrogen can also result in less downtime and more production. The end result is higher profits! 95104722 The role of gas bubbles In bitumen release durlng oil sand dlgestlon Drelich, J. et al., Fuel, Aug. 1995, 74, (8), 1150-1155. Improved efficiency in bitumen recovery was observed in laboratory experiments when oil sand pulp was intentionally aerated by air sparging
cles, all of which are of practical significance for the effective separation of bitumen from oil sand, are discussed. The bitumen-gas bubble interactions to reduce bitucan be controlled by adjustment of the process chemis men-water lnterfacial tension. In this way the extent or bitumen release during digestion can be improved. Roles of slllca fume, slag, and fly ash In the deveC 95104723 opment of hlgh-performance concrete mlcrostructure &;y;l4s & Am Concr. Inst. SP-149(High-petfonnance Concrete), The Aaner diisses
Pressure dependence of the electrlcal reslstlvlty of 95lQ4715 C, slngle crystal Matsuura, S. and Ishiguro, T. Fullerene Science & Tech., 1995, 3, (4), 437-445. The temperature dependences of the electrical resistivity of C, single crysThe activation energy in the insensitive to pressure in the influenced by intermolecular
95/04716 Processing of coal tar Geier-Henninger, K Ger. Offen. DE.4,418,295,
Dec. 1994.
Production of chemicals from oil shales 95/04717 Akar, A. and Ekinci, E. Fuel, Aug. 1995, 74. (8), 1113-1117. It is proposed to use the abundant alkane and alkene content of shale oils as a source for the production of related value-added chemicals. The C&a fraction can be used for the reduction of plastifiers via the synthesis of alcohols bv the oxo-reaction. ! he uroduction of biodenradable hnear dodecylbenzeni from the C&\, fractibn as a detergent raw material is considered. The C&-C,, fracllon IS proposed as a raw material for fatty alcohols and alkyl sulfonate production. The heavy-end alkane fraction may be cracked for the production of various lower-molecular-weight alkenes. The high nitrogen content of the shale oil may alao be advantageous in the production of new materials. Asphalt and carbon fibres are obtainable from ihe heavy shale oil fraction. Properties of fly-ash bricks produced for snvlron95/04719 mental appllcatlbns Gueler. R. et al.. J. Environ Sci Health. Part A. Environ Sci Ena. To.& Hazard Subst. C!ontro& 1995, 30. (3), 545-524. Discusses the effects of pressure and temperature on preparation of bricks made from fIy ash.
229
Fuel and Energy Abstracts September 1995
the combined use of chemical and mineral admixtures which has resulted in a new generation of concrete called high-performance concrete (HPC). Understanding the roles of mineral admixtures, such as silica fume, ‘fly tih, and slag dep&ds on in-depth microstructural investigation of HPC at different ages. What is of major interest concerning these. materials are their contrasting hydraulic behaviour.
Stablllty and rheologlcal propettles of carbon black 95104724 feedstocks Chaala,A. et al., Fuel Sci. Tech& In& 1995, 13. (1). 71-85. The paper discusses the colloidal properties of carbon black feedstock from different origins (petroleum and coal) which may directly influenco.the carbon black quabty. The effect of feedstock asphaltenes on their wllmdal stability on processing (storage, transportation and treatment) is summarized. A possible relationship between incompatibility of feedstock and structural-mechanical resistance is defined using a stability factor as WXIsolidated measure of capacity of dispersive system. Stablllty and rheologlcal propertles of thermally 95104725 treated carbon black feedstocks Chaals. A. et al.. Fuel Sci TechnoL Ink. 1995. 13. (21 179-194. Describes an ex. rimental investigation on the beki6our of thermally treated carbon bPack feedstocks. The various changes in physicochemical and rheological properties of these feedstocks are compared and a relation$i neftween treatment temperature and system colloidal stability is % . Structure formatlon of sla ash concrete on the 95104726 basls of hlghtalclum fly ash and slllca Bume Pavlenko, S. I. Mater. Struct., 1994, 27, (171). 401407. Discusses how cementless slag-ash concrete may be manufactured using high-calcium fly ash and silica fume as replacement for a binderand a microfiller, and inwrporating slag sand from thermal power plants as an aggregate.
By-productsrelated fo fuels
Possible utlllzatlon of flue-gas desulturlzatlon gyp95/os710 sum and fly ash for citrus productlon evaluatlon of crop growth response Alva, A. K. Waste Manage. (NY), 1994, 14, (7), 621-627. The paper examines the effects of application of flue- as desul hurization *P ent to 4.48 gypsum, fly ash orchicken manure (eachsat 2 g/kg ~0i?, eq~rva mea), or apphcatlon of the former hvo In combmatlon with the latter, on sod properties as well as on growth and mineral nutrition of Cleopatra mandarin and Swingle citrumelo rootstock seedlings grown on a Myakka sand. Preparatlon of hlgh denslty graphltr materlals from 95/04711 coal tar pitch Park, Y. D. et aL, Proc Mater. Res. Sot. Symp., - Novel Forms of Carbon
Ir, 1994,349,43&I
The paper investi ates the preparation of high density graphite materials from coal tar pitc f . Preparatlon of Tugnul coal-based granulated sor95lo4712 bents. 2. Study of semlcoke actlvatlon recess Solodovnikova, I. V. Koks Khim., 1994, (10P, 16-19. (In Russian) The paper describes how a laboratory appar&s was set dp for the pieparetion of a sorbent from semicoke. The semicoke was heated at 4O-XWmin. and steam as an activation agent was introduced at 5500. After attaining 800”, temperature was held 45 min. Mechanical and physical properties of the resulting adsorbent were determined. The sorption characteristics were comparable to those of conventional activated carbon. %$&4713
Preparlng carbonqraphlte materlals wlth modlfled
ii, T. et aL, Jkie Gongcheng Cailiuo, 1994, 18, (I), 41-43. (In Chinese) Through the methods of crosslinking catalysis the popular medium ooal tar
impregnating rule for the Present and future use of coal ash In constructlon 95104714 and related appllcatlons Tvson. S. S. Proc Util. Ind &Prod Constr. Mater., AXE, New York, NY,, iJS4, l-14. The American Coal Ash Association Inc. IACAA) is an ornanixation of producers and marketers of coal comb&ion byproduct&-Throughout ACAA’s 25-year history its goal has been to gain recognition and acceptance of coal ash as an engineering material on par wit6 competing virgin, processed and manufactured materials by advancing coal ash uses that are technically proven, commercial effective and environmentally sound. An annual survey of coal-burning electric utilities is conducted by ACAA to determine the quantities of coal ash produced and used in the USA.
95104719 Purlflcatlon of fluorene Sekino,M. et al., (Assigned to) Ado Kemuko e
Jan. 1995. The purification of fluorene involves (a) distillin
JAP. Pat. JP.O7,02,705,
a fluorene-containin coal tar fraction to produce a fraction containing 6! %ormoreandupto f wt% dibenzofuran; (2 adding methanol to the fraction and obtaining fluorene crystals by #&ration. Fluorene with high purity was obtained using this method. 95104720 Reactlon pathways In coDrocesslna Stock, L. M. and Ettinger,‘M. D. -Prepr. P&-Am Ch& Sot., Div. Fuel Chem, 1995, 40, (l), l-3. The paper discusses the wprocessing of coal and petroleum resid in an 1800-mL rocking autoclave using a molybdenum-based catalyst, Gas analysis for deuterated methane, ethanes, propanes. butanes, butenes, benzenes, of thecoal and toluenes were carried out. Presents the extent of conversion and resid into gases, oils, resins, asphaltenes, and solids. Typical results that illustrate the manner in which deuterium is incorporated into the reaction products are shown.
Refinery hydrogen requirements - ‘Make’ versus 95104721 ‘Buy’ Guy,K. andSteur,N. Petroleum Review, May 1995,49, (580). 214-215. Discusses the market for refinery products which is mature and faced with intense competition and increasing regulations. The key to survival is lowering costs and increasing flexibility. Hydrogen increaser flexibility by allowing a refiner to react to market opportunities such as cheaper crude supplies and higher value transportation fuels and to meet clean fuel ngulations. Having access to addition hydrogen can also result in less downtime and more production. The end result is higher profits! 95104722 The role of gas bubbles In bitumen release durlng oil sand dlgestlon Drelich, J. et al., Fuel, Aug. 1995, 74, (8), 1150-1155. Improved efficiency in bitumen recovery was observed in laboratory experiments when oil sand pulp was intentionally aerated by air sparging
cles, all of which are of practical significance for the effective separation of bitumen from oil sand, are discussed. The bitumen-gas bubble interactions to reduce bitucan be controlled by adjustment of the process chemis men-water lnterfacial tension. In this way the extent or bitumen release during digestion can be improved. Roles of slllca fume, slag, and fly ash In the deveC 95104723 opment of hlgh-performance concrete mlcrostructure &;y;l4s & Am Concr. Inst. SP-149(High-petfonnance Concrete), The Aaner diisses
Pressure dependence of the electrlcal reslstlvlty of 95lQ4715 C, slngle crystal Matsuura, S. and Ishiguro, T. Fullerene Science & Tech., 1995, 3, (4), 437-445. The temperature dependences of the electrical resistivity of C, single crysThe activation energy in the insensitive to pressure in the influenced by intermolecular
95/04716 Processing of coal tar Geier-Henninger, K Ger. Offen. DE.4,418,295,
Dec. 1994.
Production of chemicals from oil shales 95/04717 Akar, A. and Ekinci, E. Fuel, Aug. 1995, 74. (8), 1113-1117. It is proposed to use the abundant alkane and alkene content of shale oils as a source for the production of related value-added chemicals. The C&a fraction can be used for the reduction of plastifiers via the synthesis of alcohols bv the oxo-reaction. ! he uroduction of biodenradable hnear dodecylbenzeni from the C&\, fractibn as a detergent raw material is considered. The C&-C,, fracllon IS proposed as a raw material for fatty alcohols and alkyl sulfonate production. The heavy-end alkane fraction may be cracked for the production of various lower-molecular-weight alkenes. The high nitrogen content of the shale oil may alao be advantageous in the production of new materials. Asphalt and carbon fibres are obtainable from ihe heavy shale oil fraction. Properties of fly-ash bricks produced for snvlron95/04719 mental appllcatlbns Gueler. R. et al.. J. Environ Sci Health. Part A. Environ Sci Ena. To.& Hazard Subst. C!ontro& 1995, 30. (3), 545-524. Discusses the effects of pressure and temperature on preparation of bricks made from fIy ash.
229
Fuel and Energy Abstracts September 1995
the combined use of chemical and mineral admixtures which has resulted in a new generation of concrete called high-performance concrete (HPC). Understanding the roles of mineral admixtures, such as silica fume, ‘fly tih, and slag dep&ds on in-depth microstructural investigation of HPC at different ages. What is of major interest concerning these. materials are their contrasting hydraulic behaviour.
Stablllty and rheologlcal propettles of carbon black 95104724 feedstocks Chaala,A. et al., Fuel Sci. Tech& In& 1995, 13. (1). 71-85. The paper discusses the colloidal properties of carbon black feedstock from different origins (petroleum and coal) which may directly influenco.the carbon black quabty. The effect of feedstock asphaltenes on their wllmdal stability on processing (storage, transportation and treatment) is summarized. A possible relationship between incompatibility of feedstock and structural-mechanical resistance is defined using a stability factor as WXIsolidated measure of capacity of dispersive system. Stablllty and rheologlcal propertles of thermally 95104725 treated carbon black feedstocks Chaals. A. et al.. Fuel Sci TechnoL Ink. 1995. 13. (21 179-194. Describes an ex. rimental investigation on the beki6our of thermally treated carbon bPack feedstocks. The various changes in physicochemical and rheological properties of these feedstocks are compared and a relation$i neftween treatment temperature and system colloidal stability is % . Structure formatlon of sla ash concrete on the 95104726 basls of hlghtalclum fly ash and slllca Bume Pavlenko, S. I. Mater. Struct., 1994, 27, (171). 401407. Discusses how cementless slag-ash concrete may be manufactured using high-calcium fly ash and silica fume as replacement for a binderand a microfiller, and inwrporating slag sand from thermal power plants as an aggregate.