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04833 Gasunie in wonderland
03
Gaseous fuels (sources, properties, recovery, treatment)
A thlxotropy model for coal-water mixtures 96lO4820 Usui, H. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., 1995, 60, (2), 259-27.5. The thixotropy model developed in this study is based on the phenomenology scheme proposed by Cheng and Evans (1965). The idea of this model is based on the assumption that the thixotropic behaviour of dispersed systems is well described by the coagulation process of the minimum sized particles contained in a dispersion system and the break-up process of coagulaed clusters. The model can be applied to predict the viscosity of highly concentrated solid-liquid dispersion systems which have a wide particle-size distribution. Two stage upgradlng of mlddle and heavy dlstll96104621 late8 over newly prepared catalysts Nishijima, A. et al, Caral. Today, 1996, 27, (I), 129-135. Describes how two kinds of catalysts, designed and prepared based on fundamental research, showed superior catalytic activities in the first-stage and second-stage upgrading of unconventional middle and heavy distillates (i.e. a coal-petroleum residue coprocessing oil, a light cycle oil, and a coal liquefaction-derived oil). 96104022 The use of polystyrene networks and phenollc resltes to model the effectiveness of Fe and MO catalysts In coal hydropyrolysls Brown, S. D. et al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, (2), 1419-1422. To model the effects of Fe and MO catalysts in hydropyrolysis and temperature programmed reduction, a cured phenolic co-resm prepared from pheand polystyrene-divinylbenzene nol and 4-hydroxydiphenylmethane network have been used. The conversion characteristics of these models have been compared with those of a bituminous and a low-rank coal.
03 GASEOUS FUELS Sources,
Properties,
Recovery,
Treatment
Modeling early methane generation In coal 96104023 Tang, Y. et al., Energy Fuels, 1996, 10, (3), 659-671. Although thermogenic methane yields can be estimated indirectly from the average elemental composition of coals of different rank or inferred from the results of coal pyrolysis experiments, most studies were insufficiently detailed to estimate gas contents in lignite, subbituminous coal and highvolatile B bituminous coal. In addition, theoretical coalbed CH, generation curves commonly overestimate CH, yield because hydrogen loss from coal in the form of water was not considered. In order to place better constraints on the economic potential of CH? in low-rank coals, anhydrous sealed-tube pyrolysis experiments were carrred out on a Paleocene lignite from North Dakota at heating rates loo/day at 100-454”. Pronounced changes of upward natural gas mlgra96104024 tion as precursors of major seismic event5 Chilingar, G. V. et al., J. Petroleum Science d Engineering, May 1996, 14, (3), 133-136. Pronounced changes in the rate of natural gas migration to the surface of the Earth in the vicinity of faults and fractured zones can be used as precursors of major seismic events. The authors propose to use them in conjunction with other integral parameters characterizing the energetic state of a tectonic system for the development of a multicomponent earthquake prediction technique. Reservoir characteristics of coal gas deposits and 96104825 evaluation of gas-bearing seam Yang, J. et al., Xi’an Dizhi Xueyuan Xuebao, 1995, 17, (3), 77-82. (In Japanese) Discusses irregular gas occurrences in coal seams and the effects of coal type, coal seam depth, and geological structure on reservoir properties.
Transport,
Storage
Joining Victoria and New South 96104826 gas pipeline, The logical link The Australiajr Gas J., Jun. 1996, 60, (3), p. 35. Reports that Gas Transmission Corporation (GTC) Pipeline Limited (EAPL) are proceeding with further plan to connect the Victorian and New South Wales struction of a natural gas pipeline between Wodonga
Wales by natural
and East Australian development of their gas systems, via conand Wagga Wagga.
96104827 Pipeline deal boost for central Queensland Queensland Government Mining J., May 1996, 97, p. 8. Reports that increased prosperity for Central Queensland is expected to result from the sale of the State Gas Pipeline to the Pacific Gas Transmission Company (PGT).
342
Fuel and Energy
Abstracts
September
1996
96104820 Steady-state gas flow In plpes Ouyang, L. and Aziz, K. J. Petroleum Science&Engineering, May 1996, 14, (3), 137-158. New general flow equations of simple form are developed to account for the pressure drops due to friction, elevation and kinetic energy change. Simplified forms are presented for new flow equations for gas flow in pipelines or wells where the kinetic energy term can be neglected. The new general flow e uations and their simplified forms are compared with the widely-used A 8 A equations and tested with field data. Results show that the new equations make excellent predictions of flow rates or pressure drops, and that they are applicable over a much broader range of gas types and gas flow rates than the AGA equation and old simplidied flow equations. In addition, different empirical explicit correlations for the Fanning friction factor are compared. Transmlsslon plpellne access semlnar 96104829 The Ausrralian Gas J., Jun. 1996, 64, (3), 17, 19. A report on the AGA Transmission PIpeline Access Seminar held in Melbourne on 16th April 1996.
Economics,
Business,
Marketing,
Policy
96104630 The Australlan Gas Industry Directory 1996 The Australia Gas Association, GPO Box 323, Canberra, ACT 2601, Ausrralia, $35.00 (Members) $45.00 (Non-members), Plus P&P. The annual publication provides information on the Australian Gas Association, lists gas utilities, manufacturers, pipeliners, producers, overseas gas organisations, Commonwealth and State Government energy offices. Includes an equipment and senTices guide and a new export guide. 96/04631 Deregulation cannot be fast enough Thorborg, L. Gas (Nerherlands), Aug. 1996, 116, (7), 14-17. (In Flemish) The open energy market will be a superb development, says PNEM managing director Kees Wiechers. There is no need for the energy sector to be afraid, he adds: ‘The Dutch are very well placed, both in the field of gas and of electricity. Consumers’ wishes will be paramount in the near future. ‘We’d better be warned, because the changes are taking place at an incredable pace. I’m really looking forward to the first customer going. That will wake up the organization’. Gas Industry training. The national approach 96104832 The Australiati Gas J., Jun. 1996, 60, (3), 25-29. Discusses the national approach to training in the Australian gas industry. 96104833 Gasunle in wonderland Raaijen, W. Gas (Netherlatlds), Aug. 1996, 116, (7), 28-32. (In Flemish) Shaking off its initial scepticism, Gasunie has publicly embraced the open market since the publication of the government’s Energy Memorandum, Managing director George Verberg thinks his company will remain a major player on the intended European gas market. Getting acquainted with European nelghbours 96104834 Thorborg, L. Gas (Netherlands), Aug. 1996, 116, (7), 10-13. (In Flemish) The Dutch energy sector will be facing competition from abroad. But how are the market players organized in the rest of Europe? And what do they want? Starting this issue, GAS will survey business abroad in a series of articles called ‘Energy sectors across the border’. This month, an introduction showing general patterns. From which direction will the wind be blowing? From the West? Or the East? international Gas Research Conference 1995 96104835 GAZ d’aujourd’hui, Jun. 1996, 120, (2). (In French) The issue is devoted to the proceedings of the International Gas Research Conference, IGRC 95, which took place in Cannes, France on the 7-9 November 1995. The natural gas industry in Italy 96104836 Dispenza, D. Revue de I’Errergie, Apr.-May 1996, (477), 203-208. (In French) Up until the early seventies, Italy’s natural gas market as a fully selfsufficient energy sector with its own national production; but it is now 66% dependent on imports. SNAM, which is part of the EN1 group (now a corporation), sold nearly 97% of the country’s domestic demand for natural gas in 199.5, leaving the remaining 3% to private operators. This de facto monopoly on gas supplies is gradually declining, with the direct participation of E.UEL in natural gas imports. The national Energy Plan has been the energy policy instrument for establishing an equilibrium between natural gas and the dominant oil sector. In its trade relations with its customers, SNAM has always practical free competition with associations of the same customers, in a normative framework under the constant supervision of the Ministry of Industry. 96104837
New Zealand Gas Conference 12-14 May - Report The Australian Gas J., Jun. 1996, 60, (3), p. 33. A report on the New Zealand Gas Conference 1996 ‘Natural Gas in the 21st Century’.
Gaseous fuels (sources, properties, recovery, treatment)
A thlxotropy model for coal-water mixtures 96lO4820 Usui, H. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., 1995, 60, (2), 259-27.5. The thixotropy model developed in this study is based on the phenomenology scheme proposed by Cheng and Evans (1965). The idea of this model is based on the assumption that the thixotropic behaviour of dispersed systems is well described by the coagulation process of the minimum sized particles contained in a dispersion system and the break-up process of coagulaed clusters. The model can be applied to predict the viscosity of highly concentrated solid-liquid dispersion systems which have a wide particle-size distribution. Two stage upgradlng of mlddle and heavy dlstll96104621 late8 over newly prepared catalysts Nishijima, A. et al, Caral. Today, 1996, 27, (I), 129-135. Describes how two kinds of catalysts, designed and prepared based on fundamental research, showed superior catalytic activities in the first-stage and second-stage upgrading of unconventional middle and heavy distillates (i.e. a coal-petroleum residue coprocessing oil, a light cycle oil, and a coal liquefaction-derived oil). 96104022 The use of polystyrene networks and phenollc resltes to model the effectiveness of Fe and MO catalysts In coal hydropyrolysls Brown, S. D. et al., Coal Sci. Technol., 1995, 24, (2), 1419-1422. To model the effects of Fe and MO catalysts in hydropyrolysis and temperature programmed reduction, a cured phenolic co-resm prepared from pheand polystyrene-divinylbenzene nol and 4-hydroxydiphenylmethane network have been used. The conversion characteristics of these models have been compared with those of a bituminous and a low-rank coal.
03 GASEOUS FUELS Sources,
Properties,
Recovery,
Treatment
Modeling early methane generation In coal 96104023 Tang, Y. et al., Energy Fuels, 1996, 10, (3), 659-671. Although thermogenic methane yields can be estimated indirectly from the average elemental composition of coals of different rank or inferred from the results of coal pyrolysis experiments, most studies were insufficiently detailed to estimate gas contents in lignite, subbituminous coal and highvolatile B bituminous coal. In addition, theoretical coalbed CH, generation curves commonly overestimate CH, yield because hydrogen loss from coal in the form of water was not considered. In order to place better constraints on the economic potential of CH? in low-rank coals, anhydrous sealed-tube pyrolysis experiments were carrred out on a Paleocene lignite from North Dakota at heating rates loo/day at 100-454”. Pronounced changes of upward natural gas mlgra96104024 tion as precursors of major seismic event5 Chilingar, G. V. et al., J. Petroleum Science d Engineering, May 1996, 14, (3), 133-136. Pronounced changes in the rate of natural gas migration to the surface of the Earth in the vicinity of faults and fractured zones can be used as precursors of major seismic events. The authors propose to use them in conjunction with other integral parameters characterizing the energetic state of a tectonic system for the development of a multicomponent earthquake prediction technique. Reservoir characteristics of coal gas deposits and 96104825 evaluation of gas-bearing seam Yang, J. et al., Xi’an Dizhi Xueyuan Xuebao, 1995, 17, (3), 77-82. (In Japanese) Discusses irregular gas occurrences in coal seams and the effects of coal type, coal seam depth, and geological structure on reservoir properties.
Transport,
Storage
Joining Victoria and New South 96104826 gas pipeline, The logical link The Australiajr Gas J., Jun. 1996, 60, (3), p. 35. Reports that Gas Transmission Corporation (GTC) Pipeline Limited (EAPL) are proceeding with further plan to connect the Victorian and New South Wales struction of a natural gas pipeline between Wodonga
Wales by natural
and East Australian development of their gas systems, via conand Wagga Wagga.
96104827 Pipeline deal boost for central Queensland Queensland Government Mining J., May 1996, 97, p. 8. Reports that increased prosperity for Central Queensland is expected to result from the sale of the State Gas Pipeline to the Pacific Gas Transmission Company (PGT).
342
Fuel and Energy
Abstracts
September
1996
96104820 Steady-state gas flow In plpes Ouyang, L. and Aziz, K. J. Petroleum Science&Engineering, May 1996, 14, (3), 137-158. New general flow equations of simple form are developed to account for the pressure drops due to friction, elevation and kinetic energy change. Simplified forms are presented for new flow equations for gas flow in pipelines or wells where the kinetic energy term can be neglected. The new general flow e uations and their simplified forms are compared with the widely-used A 8 A equations and tested with field data. Results show that the new equations make excellent predictions of flow rates or pressure drops, and that they are applicable over a much broader range of gas types and gas flow rates than the AGA equation and old simplidied flow equations. In addition, different empirical explicit correlations for the Fanning friction factor are compared. Transmlsslon plpellne access semlnar 96104829 The Ausrralian Gas J., Jun. 1996, 64, (3), 17, 19. A report on the AGA Transmission PIpeline Access Seminar held in Melbourne on 16th April 1996.
Economics,
Business,
Marketing,
Policy
96104630 The Australlan Gas Industry Directory 1996 The Australia Gas Association, GPO Box 323, Canberra, ACT 2601, Ausrralia, $35.00 (Members) $45.00 (Non-members), Plus P&P. The annual publication provides information on the Australian Gas Association, lists gas utilities, manufacturers, pipeliners, producers, overseas gas organisations, Commonwealth and State Government energy offices. Includes an equipment and senTices guide and a new export guide. 96/04631 Deregulation cannot be fast enough Thorborg, L. Gas (Nerherlands), Aug. 1996, 116, (7), 14-17. (In Flemish) The open energy market will be a superb development, says PNEM managing director Kees Wiechers. There is no need for the energy sector to be afraid, he adds: ‘The Dutch are very well placed, both in the field of gas and of electricity. Consumers’ wishes will be paramount in the near future. ‘We’d better be warned, because the changes are taking place at an incredable pace. I’m really looking forward to the first customer going. That will wake up the organization’. Gas Industry training. The national approach 96104832 The Australiati Gas J., Jun. 1996, 60, (3), 25-29. Discusses the national approach to training in the Australian gas industry. 96104833 Gasunle in wonderland Raaijen, W. Gas (Netherlatlds), Aug. 1996, 116, (7), 28-32. (In Flemish) Shaking off its initial scepticism, Gasunie has publicly embraced the open market since the publication of the government’s Energy Memorandum, Managing director George Verberg thinks his company will remain a major player on the intended European gas market. Getting acquainted with European nelghbours 96104834 Thorborg, L. Gas (Netherlands), Aug. 1996, 116, (7), 10-13. (In Flemish) The Dutch energy sector will be facing competition from abroad. But how are the market players organized in the rest of Europe? And what do they want? Starting this issue, GAS will survey business abroad in a series of articles called ‘Energy sectors across the border’. This month, an introduction showing general patterns. From which direction will the wind be blowing? From the West? Or the East? international Gas Research Conference 1995 96104835 GAZ d’aujourd’hui, Jun. 1996, 120, (2). (In French) The issue is devoted to the proceedings of the International Gas Research Conference, IGRC 95, which took place in Cannes, France on the 7-9 November 1995. The natural gas industry in Italy 96104836 Dispenza, D. Revue de I’Errergie, Apr.-May 1996, (477), 203-208. (In French) Up until the early seventies, Italy’s natural gas market as a fully selfsufficient energy sector with its own national production; but it is now 66% dependent on imports. SNAM, which is part of the EN1 group (now a corporation), sold nearly 97% of the country’s domestic demand for natural gas in 199.5, leaving the remaining 3% to private operators. This de facto monopoly on gas supplies is gradually declining, with the direct participation of E.UEL in natural gas imports. The national Energy Plan has been the energy policy instrument for establishing an equilibrium between natural gas and the dominant oil sector. In its trade relations with its customers, SNAM has always practical free competition with associations of the same customers, in a normative framework under the constant supervision of the Ministry of Industry. 96104837
New Zealand Gas Conference 12-14 May - Report The Australian Gas J., Jun. 1996, 60, (3), p. 33. A report on the New Zealand Gas Conference 1996 ‘Natural Gas in the 21st Century’.