05058 Charging of coal ash in melting treating of coal ash

15

Environment

(pollution, healfh protection,

safety)

in summer. In this work, the unit is installed in an office room with a floor area of 20 mz at Istanbul Technical University, Mechanical Engineering Faculty Building in Istanbul and tested in the heating mode. Experimental results were obtained for the complete heating season, October to May. The coefficient of performance and heating capacity of the system were measured and presented as a function of outdoor-air temperature.

15

ENVIRONMENT

97105053 Application of plasma field of environment and energy

chemical

reactions

Okazaki, K. Enerugi, Shigen, 1997. 1X. (5), 413-420. (In Japanese). The chemistry and physics of plasma and plasma-assisted reactions and processing are discussed with methods for generation of atmospheric pressure. non-equilibrium plasma. Applications of plasma-assisted chemical reactions to the protection of the environment, with examples of coalburning processes and removal processes for NO,, SO, and ashes from coalcombustion waste gas, are presented. Specific emphasis is given to the establishment of new energy utilization systems. and direct synthesis of MEOH from CHJ are briefly described.

Application of the sintering technology of fly ash from a fluidized-bed incineration plant.

97105054

Pollution,

Health

Protection,

Safety

Accelerated solvent extraction: an evaluation for 97lQ5049 screening of soils for selected U.S. EPA semivolatile organic priority pollutants Fisher. J. A. et al. Enr?ron. Sci. Techno/., 1997, 31, (4). 1120-1127 Evaluation of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) identified it as a possible rapid, low solvent replacement for Soxhlet and bath sonication/ shaking extraction in established soil screening methods. For the spiked soil, ASE recoveries were higher than those from Soxhlet extraction for most analytes and generally close to 100% at the 4 and 20 mgikg levels. At the 0.4 mg/kg level, background peaks caused significant interference for both techniques. This was a greater problem for ASE as the method blank gave a more crowded, complex chromatogram. For the OCP soil, ASE gave higher results than Soxhlet but lower results than bath sonicatiomshaking, for which a more effective solvent for OCPs was used. For the PAH soils, ASE recoveries were equivalent or superior to bath sonicationishaking, with ASE giving approximately double the total PAH content for matrixes containing small stones and/or coal. Existing extraction methods could be replaced hy ASE. hut a reduction in background interference is necessary.

in pollutant

emission

control

from

Feng, J. Energy Environ., froc. Inr. Conf., 1995, (Pub. 1996), 6-10. Edited by Chen, 2. er al., Begell House, New York. In addition to being the main source of energy in China. coal combustion is the main cause of atmospheric pollution. Measures are taken and efforts are made to curb the pollutant emission from coal combustion. This paper presents achievements in the reduction of pollutant emission from coal combustion by developing new method of coal combustion, and a new method of desulfurization.

Air pollution exposure-DNA adduct dosimetry in 97/05Q51 humans and rodents: evidence for non-linearity at high doses Lewtas, J. et 01. Murat. Res., 1997, 378, (1, 2) 51-63. Two populations in the Czech Republic were studied to assess the impact of air pollution exposure on the level of total DNA adducts in human white blood cells (WBCs). The results were compared to the exposure-DNA adduct relation in other populations in the USA and China in human lung ceils and rodent lung tissue. The human populations examined were exposed to respirahle particles (12.5 /Im) (PMzs) in urban, rural. and occupational settings where the particles originated from coal and petroleum fuel combustion, coke production, and other coal-tar aerosols (e.g., used in aluminum production). These particles contain carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are known to form DNA adducts through covalent binding. Personal exposure to PMZ.5 and PAHs were measured prior to collection of blood samples for DNA adduct analysis by “P-postlabelling. Coke oven workers, in 10 job categories on the top and side of a coke oven in Ostrava, CZ, were studied and compared to a different population exposed to environmental levels of PAHs from air pollution in Teplice, CZ. At low to moderate environmental exposures to carcinogenic PAHs, DNA adduct levels in the WBCs were significantly correlated with exposure. However, at the higher occupational levels found on the coke oven, the exposure-DNA adduct relation became non-linear. Under these high exposure conditions, the relative DNA adduct level per unit of exposure (DNA-binding potency) was significantly lower than measured at environmental exposures. This superlinear response may be due to saturation of metabolic activation enzymes, induction of either DNA repair processes or detoxification enzymes, or other mechanisms. Regardless of the mechanism, this decrease in the DNA-binding potency at moderate to high doses of PAH has important implications for doseresponse extrapolation in risk assessment.

97105052 Ammonia determination with gas-sensitive electrode

in the coking

97105055 Characteristics ization at low temperature

Fuel

and Energy

Abstracts

November

1997

of sorbents

for flue gas desulfur-

Yang, J.-S. et al. Hwahak Kmghok, 1996, 34, (5). .576-5X4. (In Korean) A sand-bed reactor was used to investigate the characteristics of sorhcnts for flue gas desulfurization. SO2 removal efficiency in gas phase was compared for the various sorbenta, process variables and additives. The results have been discussed by observing and analysing the sorbent particles before and after sulfation with SEM, EDX, XRD, TGA and BET. Sorbcnt SO* removal efficiency was affected by their hygroscopicity, surface area and pore-structure change during the reaction. In case of Ca(OH)?. port plugging was observed, and humidity of the gas and addition of the additives were directly related with the pore plugging. 97105056

Characterization of fly ash from municipal waste and study of the leaching in view of metal removal

Van Herck. P. et al. Therm. Treat. Waste-/o-Empy., Proc. Irrt. Spw. Corrf.. 1995. (Pub. 1996). 723-734. Several heavy metals are present in fly ash from a municipal waste incinerator, which can be removed from the fly ash by leaching with the acid wastewater obtained in the wet scruhher of the air pollution control system. An understanding of the factors that influence leaching is very important for the treatment of the fly ash. Therefore, the composrtton and the particle size distribution of the fly ash were determined and a sequential extension procedure was used to obtain information on the chemical form of the metals on the fly ash. Study of the influence of pH and liquid/solid ratio indicated that soluhility limitation is one of the most important aspects governing the process. Possible solutions. for this solubility limitation arc increasing the amount of acid and increasing the liquid/solid ratio. Also the addition of complexing reagents such as EDTA and the use of a two-stage process were studied.

97105057 Characterization of sulfur and nitrogen containing polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) in fossil fuel derived liquids using coupled LC-GC techniques with atomic emission detection (AED) Holden, K. M. L. ef al. DGMK Tagwqdw., 1997. 9702, (Proceedings ICCS ‘97, Volume l), 425-428. The nature and distribution of PAC within the environment is a subject area that consistently generates considerable interest. Speciation at low concentrations is often difficult due to instrumental limitations which are often compounded by the complexity of the fossil fuel matrix. As part of an ongoing study, on-line sample preparation procedures using complimentary liquid chromatography-gas chomatography (LC-GC) techniques are presently under investigation. An initial LC separation coupled with the large sample volume transferred to the GC enhancing hoth resolution and detection limits.

97105058

Charging

of coal ash in melting treating

of coal ash

Okuyama, Y. ef al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,1X4,614 [97,184,614] (Cl. F23Jl 100) 15 Jul 1097, Appl. 951353,646, 28 Dee 1995. 5 pp. (In Japanese) When melting treatment of coal ash takes place, the ash is charged into a melting furnace as semi-liquid state, then heated to semi-liquid state using a powered coal burner. The melting furnace is a converter type furnace and the furnace contains iron melt or a mixture of iron melt and slag. A carbonbase material is used as fuel and a slag former is also added to the furnace. The method is used for treating ash from coal fired power plants and the melt product is used for road-bed material.

wastewater

Li, W. er al. Huanjing Gongcheng, 1997. 15, (3), 45-48. (In Chinese) A method of analysing ammonia in coking wastewater using a gas-sensitive electrode was introduced, including the linear detection range, response time, reused ratio and interfering substance. When pH in the wastewater is 11.5-14.0, the linear range amounts to 1.00 x 10-5-l.00 x 10-l molil. the lowest detection is 5.0 x 10m5 molil, RSD is ~2.5%.

435

for treating

Katayama, M. Kankyo Eisei Kogakrr Kmkyu, 19Y6, IO, (4), S-13. (In Japanese). Most of the municipal solid waste and sewage sludge waste in Japan is incinerated, and the residues are disposed of in landfills. However, it is nowadays difficult to provide safe landfills. A new technology was developed for detoxification. stabilization, and recycling of fly ash from fluidized-bed incineration plants. A summary of laboratory and bench-scale tests of this development is presented in the paper.

incineration Achievements 97lQ5050 coal combustion in China

in the

97105059 sorbents

Cleanup

of

hot

coal

gas

with

carbon-based

Cal, M. P. et al. Prep-. Pap, Am. Chem. Sot.. Dil,. Fuel Chem.. 1997. 42, (3). 872-876. In order to accelerate the successful demonstration and commercialization of advanced coal gasification systems world-wide, hot gas clean-up for desulfurization is required. In integrated gasification combined cycle