- Email: [email protected]
06697 Seasonal variations in soil-to-grass transfer of fallout strontium and cesium and of potassium in North German soils
15
Environment (pollution, health protection, safety)
Reducln energy related emissions. Using an 96106683 energ systems optim8 zation model to support policy planning in FinYand LehtiIa, A. and Pirila, P. Energy Policy, Sep. 1996, 24, (9), 805-819. A bottom-up energy system optimization model is used to support policy planning for the sustainable use of energy. The methodology of the Finnish EFOM model is presented, including the description of biomass use for energy, power and heat eneration, emissions and the end use of energy. The common modeliing f ramework used in many similar models has been enhanced by thoroughly adapting the model to the characteristics of the Finnish energy economy and by some methodological improvements. An important submodei for the energy intensive trip and paper industries has been incorporated in the model. The model gas proven to provide useful results for actual policy planning. Reduction of air toxics in coal combustion gae eys96106664 tern and method Knowles. B. M. US Pat. lJS.5.507.238. ADT. 1996. The method consists of a combustion chamber an exhaust conduit affixed to the combustion chamber, a particulate entrahing device, and a feedback conduit. The method includes combustin a fuel (e.g. coal or solid waste to form fly ash), and a step to concentrate ta e interactron of the fly ash in the combustion gas stream for use as a sorbent. Reduction of nitric oxide by low-rank coal chars 96106666 Illan-Gomez,M. J. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1996. 41. (1). 174-178. Low-rank c&l chars were used to remove NO, from an O-rich atmosphere. Discusses the effects of pyrolysis temperature and inorganic impurities naturally presented in coals. Refuse incineration by low-emisslon plant 96106666 Boldorini, R. Termotecnica, Apr. 1996, (3), 81-84. (In Italian) The paper points out that the incineration process can reduce the volume of household waste by a ratio of 10 to 1, the residue being inert with respect to the environment. The process plus inertisation requires only a few hours with a continuous cycle, which can be monitored and certified in any phase by archived records. Regulatory leaching tests for fly ash: A case study Egemen, E. and Yurteri, C. Wasfe Manage. Res., 1996, 14, (l), 43-50. In manv countries throuahout the world, fly and bottom ashes from coalfired thermal power pIa& are declared was wastes requiring special care during reuse and disposal. A number of toxicity tests have been developed to assess the metal leaching potential of ash residues. Fly ash samples from the Catalagxi thermal power plant in Turkey were subjected to toxicity tests such as the extraction and toxicity characteristic leaching procedures of the US EPA. and the so-called Method A extraction procedure of the ASTM. 96106667
96/06693 Renewed call for a breath of fresh air Jackson, K. Petroleum Review, Jul. 1996, 50, (594), 338-339. A new report from the Quality of Urban Air Review Group (QUARG) has echoed the findings of other recently published UK government-initiated studies by reiterating the need for ‘major controls’ on the sources of particulate emission in the United Kingdom in order to safeguard public health and the environment. The report states that current levels of emissions need to be cut by about two-thirds in order to achieve the tough air quality standard recommended by the Expert Panel on Air Quality Standards. Risk communication. The Barseback nuclear plant 96/06694 case Lofstedt, R. E. Energy Policy, Aug. 1996, 24, (8), 689-696. The paper examines Sweden’s efforts in risk communication towards Denmark on the Barseback nuclear power plant, which is located only 20 kilometres away from Copenhagen across the Oresund Channel. It pays particular attention to the periods surrounding the two accidents at the plant in the autumns of 1992 and 1993. The study, based on qualitative and quantitative research methods in both Sweden and Denmark, suggest that Sweden should have adopted a reciprocal or dialogicai risk communication process rather than a one-way, source to target strategy. This approach failed larneiv due to the Dane’s lack of trust of Swedish wlicv makers. the arroganckof the Swedish utility owning the plant, and an amplification of the risks associated with the Barseback plant by policy makers and the mass media in Denmark. 96106696 The role of forest and bioenergy strategies in the global carbon cycle Schlamadinger, B. and Marland, G. Biomass & Bioenergy, 1996, 10, (5), -_Iz -._A ‘ I>-3”“. Forest and bioenergy strategies offer the prospect of reduced CO, emissions to the atmosphere. Such strategies can affect the net flux of carbon to the atmosphere through 4 mechanisms: storage of C in the biosphere; stora e of C in forest products; use of biofuels to displace fossil-fuel use; use of wood products which often displaced other products that require more fossil fuel for their production. The authors used the mathematical model GORCA (Graz/Oak Ridge Carbon Accounting Model) to examine these mechanist&
96106696
Relationshi a between indoor and outdoor con96106669 taminants in mechanica Piy ventilated buildings Ekberg, L. E. IndoorAir, Mar. 1996, 6, (l), 41-47. When comparing measured indoor and outdoor contaminant concentrations it can be misleading if the concentrations varv with time and if the averag-
ing periods are too-short. Describes an alternative methodology aimed at estimating the internal source and sink effects in mechanically ventilated buildings. Releases of natural radionuciides from oii-shaie96106690 fired power plants In Estonia Reaio, E. et al., J. Environ. Radioactivity, 1996, 33, (l), 77-89. In the vicinity of two large oil-shale-fired power plants in northeast Estonia, depth-dependent activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in soil were determined by gamma spectrometry. Removal of ammonia from air by a peat biofilter 96106691 Hartikainen, T. et al., Environ. Techtwl., 1996, 17, (l), 45-53. Peat was studied as a filter material to remove NH, from air. Removal of VOCs from humidified gas streams 96106692 using activated carbon cloth Cal, M. P. et aL, Gas Sep. Purif, 1996, 10, (2). 117-121. This research investigates the effects of relative humidity on the adsorption of soluble (acetone) and insoluble (benzene) volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with activated carbon cloths.
466
Fuel and Energy Abstracts November 1996
-
’
Safety: Striving for zero accidents
Petroleum Review, Sep. 1996,50, (596), 409-412.
Discusses safety measures to prevent accidents in the oil industry. Seasonal variations in soil-to-grass transfer of faii96lO6697 out strontium and cesium and of potassium in North German SOIIS $k;n,i
The relationship of mineralogy and strength devei96106666 opment in dry FGD derived cements Graham, U. ef al., Coal Sci. Tech&, 1995, 24, 1991-1994. The ohvsicai behaviour of soecimens created from drv-flue-nasdesuldh&xation (FGD) derived cements over time depend on &ina eivironm;nt, patticuhuiy water availability! and initial mix properties. The mineralogical and physical studies described provide evidence that the formation 07 gypsum from anhydrite in an environment containing excess water contributes to dramatic swell and strength loss over 30 davs’ curing. Ettringite formation does not appear to c&tribute as significantly 6 strength loss over this time period, while it may significantly enhance strength.
for 16 land->se scenarios.
S. and Kirchner, G.
J. Environ. Radioactivity,
1996, 33, (2),
The uptake of l)“Cs, I” Cs, %r and @K by grass plants growing on perma-
nent pastures was studied between May 1990 and November 1992. Secretary of State’s Guidance -Combustion of fuel 96106696 manufactured from or comprised of solid waste in appliances between 0.4 and 3 MW net rated thermal input PGl/12(95) Dept. of Environment, HMSO, Nov. 1995, 19 pp. The Guide issued by the Secretary of State to local enforcing authorities on the techniques appropriate for the control of air pollution in relation to, combustion processes for fuel manufactured from or comprised of solid waste in appliances beween 0.4 and 3MW net rated thermal input in order to achieve the objectives set down in Section 7(2)(2) of the Environmental Protection Act 1990. Sectoriai impact of the elimination of power oubsl96106699 dies: The case of India Bhattacharyya, S. C. Revue de I’Energie, Jul.-Aug. 1996, (479) 376-390. (In French) In developing countries, power subsidies are at the heart of the debate on the issue of greenhouse effect and structural adjustment. The idea is often put forward chat eliminating these subsidies would do much to improve the situation. The weaknesses in these studies shed some doubt on this suggestion A detailed analysis for India shows that the policy of eliminating ail power subsidies with no transitional phase has the disadvantage of enwuraging greater reliance on traditional power resources, which might worsen the situation. So care should be taken to avoid precipitation. The wmplexity of the problem calls for a detailed and accurate analysis, and does not lend itself to simple answers. 96lO6700 Sensory evaluation of indoor air quality by building occupants versus trained and untrained panels Parine, N. Indoor Built Environ., Jan.-Feb. 1996, 5, (l), 34-43. An investigation into the effect of ventilation on the sensory evaluation of indoor air quality by occupants and visitors, both trained in indoor air quality evaluation, and untrained, during three separate periods in a London office building.
Environment (pollution, health protection, safety)
Reducln energy related emissions. Using an 96106683 energ systems optim8 zation model to support policy planning in FinYand LehtiIa, A. and Pirila, P. Energy Policy, Sep. 1996, 24, (9), 805-819. A bottom-up energy system optimization model is used to support policy planning for the sustainable use of energy. The methodology of the Finnish EFOM model is presented, including the description of biomass use for energy, power and heat eneration, emissions and the end use of energy. The common modeliing f ramework used in many similar models has been enhanced by thoroughly adapting the model to the characteristics of the Finnish energy economy and by some methodological improvements. An important submodei for the energy intensive trip and paper industries has been incorporated in the model. The model gas proven to provide useful results for actual policy planning. Reduction of air toxics in coal combustion gae eys96106664 tern and method Knowles. B. M. US Pat. lJS.5.507.238. ADT. 1996. The method consists of a combustion chamber an exhaust conduit affixed to the combustion chamber, a particulate entrahing device, and a feedback conduit. The method includes combustin a fuel (e.g. coal or solid waste to form fly ash), and a step to concentrate ta e interactron of the fly ash in the combustion gas stream for use as a sorbent. Reduction of nitric oxide by low-rank coal chars 96106666 Illan-Gomez,M. J. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1996. 41. (1). 174-178. Low-rank c&l chars were used to remove NO, from an O-rich atmosphere. Discusses the effects of pyrolysis temperature and inorganic impurities naturally presented in coals. Refuse incineration by low-emisslon plant 96106666 Boldorini, R. Termotecnica, Apr. 1996, (3), 81-84. (In Italian) The paper points out that the incineration process can reduce the volume of household waste by a ratio of 10 to 1, the residue being inert with respect to the environment. The process plus inertisation requires only a few hours with a continuous cycle, which can be monitored and certified in any phase by archived records. Regulatory leaching tests for fly ash: A case study Egemen, E. and Yurteri, C. Wasfe Manage. Res., 1996, 14, (l), 43-50. In manv countries throuahout the world, fly and bottom ashes from coalfired thermal power pIa& are declared was wastes requiring special care during reuse and disposal. A number of toxicity tests have been developed to assess the metal leaching potential of ash residues. Fly ash samples from the Catalagxi thermal power plant in Turkey were subjected to toxicity tests such as the extraction and toxicity characteristic leaching procedures of the US EPA. and the so-called Method A extraction procedure of the ASTM. 96106667
96/06693 Renewed call for a breath of fresh air Jackson, K. Petroleum Review, Jul. 1996, 50, (594), 338-339. A new report from the Quality of Urban Air Review Group (QUARG) has echoed the findings of other recently published UK government-initiated studies by reiterating the need for ‘major controls’ on the sources of particulate emission in the United Kingdom in order to safeguard public health and the environment. The report states that current levels of emissions need to be cut by about two-thirds in order to achieve the tough air quality standard recommended by the Expert Panel on Air Quality Standards. Risk communication. The Barseback nuclear plant 96/06694 case Lofstedt, R. E. Energy Policy, Aug. 1996, 24, (8), 689-696. The paper examines Sweden’s efforts in risk communication towards Denmark on the Barseback nuclear power plant, which is located only 20 kilometres away from Copenhagen across the Oresund Channel. It pays particular attention to the periods surrounding the two accidents at the plant in the autumns of 1992 and 1993. The study, based on qualitative and quantitative research methods in both Sweden and Denmark, suggest that Sweden should have adopted a reciprocal or dialogicai risk communication process rather than a one-way, source to target strategy. This approach failed larneiv due to the Dane’s lack of trust of Swedish wlicv makers. the arroganckof the Swedish utility owning the plant, and an amplification of the risks associated with the Barseback plant by policy makers and the mass media in Denmark. 96106696 The role of forest and bioenergy strategies in the global carbon cycle Schlamadinger, B. and Marland, G. Biomass & Bioenergy, 1996, 10, (5), -_Iz -._A ‘ I>-3”“. Forest and bioenergy strategies offer the prospect of reduced CO, emissions to the atmosphere. Such strategies can affect the net flux of carbon to the atmosphere through 4 mechanisms: storage of C in the biosphere; stora e of C in forest products; use of biofuels to displace fossil-fuel use; use of wood products which often displaced other products that require more fossil fuel for their production. The authors used the mathematical model GORCA (Graz/Oak Ridge Carbon Accounting Model) to examine these mechanist&
96106696
Relationshi a between indoor and outdoor con96106669 taminants in mechanica Piy ventilated buildings Ekberg, L. E. IndoorAir, Mar. 1996, 6, (l), 41-47. When comparing measured indoor and outdoor contaminant concentrations it can be misleading if the concentrations varv with time and if the averag-
ing periods are too-short. Describes an alternative methodology aimed at estimating the internal source and sink effects in mechanically ventilated buildings. Releases of natural radionuciides from oii-shaie96106690 fired power plants In Estonia Reaio, E. et al., J. Environ. Radioactivity, 1996, 33, (l), 77-89. In the vicinity of two large oil-shale-fired power plants in northeast Estonia, depth-dependent activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in soil were determined by gamma spectrometry. Removal of ammonia from air by a peat biofilter 96106691 Hartikainen, T. et al., Environ. Techtwl., 1996, 17, (l), 45-53. Peat was studied as a filter material to remove NH, from air. Removal of VOCs from humidified gas streams 96106692 using activated carbon cloth Cal, M. P. et aL, Gas Sep. Purif, 1996, 10, (2). 117-121. This research investigates the effects of relative humidity on the adsorption of soluble (acetone) and insoluble (benzene) volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with activated carbon cloths.
466
Fuel and Energy Abstracts November 1996
-
’
Safety: Striving for zero accidents
Petroleum Review, Sep. 1996,50, (596), 409-412.
Discusses safety measures to prevent accidents in the oil industry. Seasonal variations in soil-to-grass transfer of faii96lO6697 out strontium and cesium and of potassium in North German SOIIS $k;n,i
The relationship of mineralogy and strength devei96106666 opment in dry FGD derived cements Graham, U. ef al., Coal Sci. Tech&, 1995, 24, 1991-1994. The ohvsicai behaviour of soecimens created from drv-flue-nasdesuldh&xation (FGD) derived cements over time depend on &ina eivironm;nt, patticuhuiy water availability! and initial mix properties. The mineralogical and physical studies described provide evidence that the formation 07 gypsum from anhydrite in an environment containing excess water contributes to dramatic swell and strength loss over 30 davs’ curing. Ettringite formation does not appear to c&tribute as significantly 6 strength loss over this time period, while it may significantly enhance strength.
for 16 land->se scenarios.
S. and Kirchner, G.
J. Environ. Radioactivity,
1996, 33, (2),
The uptake of l)“Cs, I” Cs, %r and @K by grass plants growing on perma-
nent pastures was studied between May 1990 and November 1992. Secretary of State’s Guidance -Combustion of fuel 96106696 manufactured from or comprised of solid waste in appliances between 0.4 and 3 MW net rated thermal input PGl/12(95) Dept. of Environment, HMSO, Nov. 1995, 19 pp. The Guide issued by the Secretary of State to local enforcing authorities on the techniques appropriate for the control of air pollution in relation to, combustion processes for fuel manufactured from or comprised of solid waste in appliances beween 0.4 and 3MW net rated thermal input in order to achieve the objectives set down in Section 7(2)(2) of the Environmental Protection Act 1990. Sectoriai impact of the elimination of power oubsl96106699 dies: The case of India Bhattacharyya, S. C. Revue de I’Energie, Jul.-Aug. 1996, (479) 376-390. (In French) In developing countries, power subsidies are at the heart of the debate on the issue of greenhouse effect and structural adjustment. The idea is often put forward chat eliminating these subsidies would do much to improve the situation. The weaknesses in these studies shed some doubt on this suggestion A detailed analysis for India shows that the policy of eliminating ail power subsidies with no transitional phase has the disadvantage of enwuraging greater reliance on traditional power resources, which might worsen the situation. So care should be taken to avoid precipitation. The wmplexity of the problem calls for a detailed and accurate analysis, and does not lend itself to simple answers. 96lO6700 Sensory evaluation of indoor air quality by building occupants versus trained and untrained panels Parine, N. Indoor Built Environ., Jan.-Feb. 1996, 5, (l), 34-43. An investigation into the effect of ventilation on the sensory evaluation of indoor air quality by occupants and visitors, both trained in indoor air quality evaluation, and untrained, during three separate periods in a London office building.