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06800 Asia-Pacific energy supply and demand to 2010
17
96lO6600
Aala-Pacific energy supply and demand to 2010 Intarapravich, D. et al., Energy, Nov. 1996, 21, (ll), 1017-1039. The Asia-Pacific region has the most rapidly growing energy demand in the world and will continue to have an increasing impact on world energy demand. Given the heterogeneity of economies in the region, any regional demand anal sis has to be constructed country by country. In undertaking the demand rorecasts provided in this study, scenarios were developed for high, low, and base cases that take into account variations in economic performance, rices, and fuel substitution in individual nations and in the region as a wKole. China is included in the aggregate regional data provided in this article. Data from the countries of the former Soviet Union are now included in the regional totals in this article and are discussed separtely. Central Europa - A land of opportunlty 96106801 Jackson, K. Petrolewn Review, Sep. 1996, 50, (596), 418-422. Discusse the economic and socio- litical transformation of Central Europe following the disintegration op”the former Soviet empire which has opened up enormous opportunites for trade and investment tn the region’s energy sector by foreign companies. Changlng energy market calls for new computer 96106002 technology Raaijen, W. Gas (Netherlands), Sep. 1996, 116, (9), 40-42. (In Flemish) New computer applications are capable of dealing with new, more complex jobs than conventional systems. One such new application is the Vagos programme developed by Gastec and based on neural network technology. The programme can project hourly gas consum tions for an entire supply area one day in advance. In designing networ E for gas, electricity and water distribution, community aerial installations, telecommunications and district heating, new computer techniques o n up new perspectives. Genetic programs like the Egoist application oYCap Volmac can produce various designs for a network in a relatively short time and provide full sets of calculations. 96106603 Chlna and the former Soviet Union Tang, F. C. and Khartukov, E. Energy, Nov. 1996, 21, (ll), 1041-1046. China is the world’s third largest energy producer and consumer, and the former Soviet Union (FSU1 is the world’s second lamest. Enernv develooments in these two &onokies will have major impacts on i;iernation’al markets and especially on the markets of Asia-Pacific region, but it is extremely difficult to project changes in their energy se&o& with a high degree of accuracy. Any attempt to project supply and demand in either China or the FSU must take into account major uncertainties. 96106604
Communlcatlon. A note on the energy lntenalty of developlng countrlea Goldemberg, J. Energy Policy, Aug. 1996, 24, (8), 759-761.
96lO6606 Core bualneaa la often not the key factor Van Nifterik, G. Gas (Netherlands), Sea 1996, 116, (9’). 20-23. (In Flemish) In the ‘Vision’ series the spotlights are now on drs ing. Cees Witvliet, Chairman of the Board of Management of energy distribution company Edon, a utility that in addition to gas, heat and electricity distribution, cable television and mobile teleohone-svstem. also sees w&te orocessina and cooling as its business. P&s for &w aciivities and prod& are buzzing. Witvliet: ‘It’s a matter of self-protection, strengthening your position as a company. Facing your opporttinities and expanhing tliein’. dnd: ‘In fact, energy is only a marginal activity’. 96106606
A croaa-cultural analyala of household energy use behavlour In Japan and Norway Wilhite, H. et al., Energy Policy, Sep. 1996, 24, (9), 795-803. The authors corn e and contrast the results of ethnographic investigations of energy use be K”, avlour in Fukuoka, Japan and Oslo, Norway. These studies show significant differences in end &e patterns for space beating, lighting and hot water use. Discusses how these patterns are related to cultural and economic factors. The findings shows that while enerav intensive space heating and lighting habits h&e become an integral parrbf the presentation of the Norwegian home, Japanese space heat and light habits are more disciplined and l&s culturallysignific&t. In Japan, thebathing routine is extremely important to the Japanese lifestyle and at the same time very energy intensive. Energy intensive patterns are identified which do not have the same cultural significance, such as lax temperature setback in Norway and dish washing practices in Japan. Policy implications are discussed. 96106607
The decline of natural monopollee In the energy sector Vollans, G. E. Energy &dies Review, 1995, 7, (3), 247-261. The author discusses how for most of the 20th Century, economic activity within the energy sector of industrial economies has been characterized by a significant presence of natural monopolies, particularly with respect to the transport of energy commodities. Examples would include electricity and natural gas transmission and distribution, oil pipelines and electricity generation.
Energy
(supplies, policy,, economics,
forecasts)
96106606 Does DSM have a place In the UK? Elect. Rev., May 1996, 22-24.
Discusses the US experiences with demand-side management schemes which have given demand-side management a bad reputation in the UK. 96106609
DSM survey In Indla: Awareness, barrlera and lmplementablllty Pa&h, J. K. et al., Energy, Ocf. 1996, 21, (lo), 955-966. The paper provides results of a survey on DSM progress for the hightension industries of Maharashtra. Technical potentials, costs, savings and the need for financial mechanism are cover&. The types of progr&mes industries prefer and needed incentives, extent of articipation, agencies suitable for implementation, and barriers to imp Pementation are highlighted. Policy measures are suggested for the efficient implementations of DSM plans. 96/oa10 Economic asaumptlona underlylng Asian energy matters Dorian, J. P. et al., Energy, Nov. 1996, 21, (ll), 1005-1015. It is an extremely difficult task to project Asia-Pacific energy trends to 2010 with any degree of certainty, partly because the region is a complex mix of developed, developing, and newly industrialized economies and has the world’s fastest economic growth. In addition. because of the region’s large and ever increasing dependence on impo&l crude oil, numerous external faders must be integrated into the analysis, including world oil prices and supply in particular. The article outlines the base &sumptions used in this report to develop medium to long term forecasts of energy supply, demand, and development in the Asia-Pacific region. Energy prices and electricitv demand are imoortant determinants of the rate and scooe of energy devekpment. The stuhy places emphasis on the rapidly g&&g demand for eledric power generation and on expected prices of crude oil and other energy products. 96106611
Effect of control of power on the conceptlon of the new legal and lnatltutlonal framework of the energy sector In tranaltlonal countrlea Labrousse, M. and Vallee, C. Revue de I’Energie, Jul.-Aug. 1996, (479), 368-375. (In French) Demand side management (DSM) is increasingly implemented in industrialised countries. In parallel, a large number of international projects are funded for restructuring energy network sectors in transition economy countries, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe countries. These projects comprise reforms of legal and regulatory framework, new structure and ownership as well as conditions for financial and economic sustainability of energy firms. Those reforms usually respond to the preoccupation of efficiency, safety, quality of service and suitable tariffs as a signal to consumers. In light of Western European experiences, characteristics of economics in transition bring to the conclusion that including provisions in the energy legal and regulatory framework and further implementing DSM programmes is a promising option. 96106612 The effects of ener y taxes on productlvlty and employment: The case of the Net\ erlanda Kuper, G. H. Resource & Energy Economics, Jun. 1996, 18, (2), 137-159. The paper examines the double dividend hypotheis introducted by Bovenberg and Van der Ploeg. By double dividend they mean that higher pollution taxes and lower taxes on labour would not only improve the environment but also boost em loyment. The author investigates the effect of higher prices of energy anB lower nominal wages - as a result of the shift in taxes away from labour -on employment, as well as the consequences on investment and productivity. The model is used is a dynamic investment model based on a putty-clay vintage structure with three inputs (labour, ca ital and energy) producing output. The model is calibrated using data For the Dutch private sector for the period 1953 until 1989. The main conclusion is that shifting taxes from labour towards energy, reduces economic activity, despite factor substitution. Efflclent use of energy and materlala: Progress and 96lo6613 pollclea. A Report of the Secretarv-General of the Unlted katlona . Natural Resources Forum, Aug. 1996, 20, (3). 227-239. There is a growing awareness of the serious problems associated with the provision of sufficient energy to meet human needs and to fuel economic growth world-wide. This has pointed to the need for energy and material efficiency, which would reduce air, water and thermal pollution, as well as waste production. Increasing energy and material efficiency also have the benefits of increased employment, improved balance of imports and exports, increased security of energy supply and adopting environmentally adiantageous energy supply. A large $t&tial exisis f& energy savings through energy and material efticiencv imorovements. Technologies are not n;w, nor%11 they be, in the foreieeagle future, the limitingfactors with regard to continuing energy efficiency improvements.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts November 1996 473
96lO6600
Aala-Pacific energy supply and demand to 2010 Intarapravich, D. et al., Energy, Nov. 1996, 21, (ll), 1017-1039. The Asia-Pacific region has the most rapidly growing energy demand in the world and will continue to have an increasing impact on world energy demand. Given the heterogeneity of economies in the region, any regional demand anal sis has to be constructed country by country. In undertaking the demand rorecasts provided in this study, scenarios were developed for high, low, and base cases that take into account variations in economic performance, rices, and fuel substitution in individual nations and in the region as a wKole. China is included in the aggregate regional data provided in this article. Data from the countries of the former Soviet Union are now included in the regional totals in this article and are discussed separtely. Central Europa - A land of opportunlty 96106801 Jackson, K. Petrolewn Review, Sep. 1996, 50, (596), 418-422. Discusse the economic and socio- litical transformation of Central Europe following the disintegration op”the former Soviet empire which has opened up enormous opportunites for trade and investment tn the region’s energy sector by foreign companies. Changlng energy market calls for new computer 96106002 technology Raaijen, W. Gas (Netherlands), Sep. 1996, 116, (9), 40-42. (In Flemish) New computer applications are capable of dealing with new, more complex jobs than conventional systems. One such new application is the Vagos programme developed by Gastec and based on neural network technology. The programme can project hourly gas consum tions for an entire supply area one day in advance. In designing networ E for gas, electricity and water distribution, community aerial installations, telecommunications and district heating, new computer techniques o n up new perspectives. Genetic programs like the Egoist application oYCap Volmac can produce various designs for a network in a relatively short time and provide full sets of calculations. 96106603 Chlna and the former Soviet Union Tang, F. C. and Khartukov, E. Energy, Nov. 1996, 21, (ll), 1041-1046. China is the world’s third largest energy producer and consumer, and the former Soviet Union (FSU1 is the world’s second lamest. Enernv develooments in these two &onokies will have major impacts on i;iernation’al markets and especially on the markets of Asia-Pacific region, but it is extremely difficult to project changes in their energy se&o& with a high degree of accuracy. Any attempt to project supply and demand in either China or the FSU must take into account major uncertainties. 96106604
Communlcatlon. A note on the energy lntenalty of developlng countrlea Goldemberg, J. Energy Policy, Aug. 1996, 24, (8), 759-761.
96lO6606 Core bualneaa la often not the key factor Van Nifterik, G. Gas (Netherlands), Sea 1996, 116, (9’). 20-23. (In Flemish) In the ‘Vision’ series the spotlights are now on drs ing. Cees Witvliet, Chairman of the Board of Management of energy distribution company Edon, a utility that in addition to gas, heat and electricity distribution, cable television and mobile teleohone-svstem. also sees w&te orocessina and cooling as its business. P&s for &w aciivities and prod& are buzzing. Witvliet: ‘It’s a matter of self-protection, strengthening your position as a company. Facing your opporttinities and expanhing tliein’. dnd: ‘In fact, energy is only a marginal activity’. 96106606
A croaa-cultural analyala of household energy use behavlour In Japan and Norway Wilhite, H. et al., Energy Policy, Sep. 1996, 24, (9), 795-803. The authors corn e and contrast the results of ethnographic investigations of energy use be K”, avlour in Fukuoka, Japan and Oslo, Norway. These studies show significant differences in end &e patterns for space beating, lighting and hot water use. Discusses how these patterns are related to cultural and economic factors. The findings shows that while enerav intensive space heating and lighting habits h&e become an integral parrbf the presentation of the Norwegian home, Japanese space heat and light habits are more disciplined and l&s culturallysignific&t. In Japan, thebathing routine is extremely important to the Japanese lifestyle and at the same time very energy intensive. Energy intensive patterns are identified which do not have the same cultural significance, such as lax temperature setback in Norway and dish washing practices in Japan. Policy implications are discussed. 96106607
The decline of natural monopollee In the energy sector Vollans, G. E. Energy &dies Review, 1995, 7, (3), 247-261. The author discusses how for most of the 20th Century, economic activity within the energy sector of industrial economies has been characterized by a significant presence of natural monopolies, particularly with respect to the transport of energy commodities. Examples would include electricity and natural gas transmission and distribution, oil pipelines and electricity generation.
Energy
(supplies, policy,, economics,
forecasts)
96106606 Does DSM have a place In the UK? Elect. Rev., May 1996, 22-24.
Discusses the US experiences with demand-side management schemes which have given demand-side management a bad reputation in the UK. 96106609
DSM survey In Indla: Awareness, barrlera and lmplementablllty Pa&h, J. K. et al., Energy, Ocf. 1996, 21, (lo), 955-966. The paper provides results of a survey on DSM progress for the hightension industries of Maharashtra. Technical potentials, costs, savings and the need for financial mechanism are cover&. The types of progr&mes industries prefer and needed incentives, extent of articipation, agencies suitable for implementation, and barriers to imp Pementation are highlighted. Policy measures are suggested for the efficient implementations of DSM plans. 96/oa10 Economic asaumptlona underlylng Asian energy matters Dorian, J. P. et al., Energy, Nov. 1996, 21, (ll), 1005-1015. It is an extremely difficult task to project Asia-Pacific energy trends to 2010 with any degree of certainty, partly because the region is a complex mix of developed, developing, and newly industrialized economies and has the world’s fastest economic growth. In addition. because of the region’s large and ever increasing dependence on impo&l crude oil, numerous external faders must be integrated into the analysis, including world oil prices and supply in particular. The article outlines the base &sumptions used in this report to develop medium to long term forecasts of energy supply, demand, and development in the Asia-Pacific region. Energy prices and electricitv demand are imoortant determinants of the rate and scooe of energy devekpment. The stuhy places emphasis on the rapidly g&&g demand for eledric power generation and on expected prices of crude oil and other energy products. 96106611
Effect of control of power on the conceptlon of the new legal and lnatltutlonal framework of the energy sector In tranaltlonal countrlea Labrousse, M. and Vallee, C. Revue de I’Energie, Jul.-Aug. 1996, (479), 368-375. (In French) Demand side management (DSM) is increasingly implemented in industrialised countries. In parallel, a large number of international projects are funded for restructuring energy network sectors in transition economy countries, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe countries. These projects comprise reforms of legal and regulatory framework, new structure and ownership as well as conditions for financial and economic sustainability of energy firms. Those reforms usually respond to the preoccupation of efficiency, safety, quality of service and suitable tariffs as a signal to consumers. In light of Western European experiences, characteristics of economics in transition bring to the conclusion that including provisions in the energy legal and regulatory framework and further implementing DSM programmes is a promising option. 96106612 The effects of ener y taxes on productlvlty and employment: The case of the Net\ erlanda Kuper, G. H. Resource & Energy Economics, Jun. 1996, 18, (2), 137-159. The paper examines the double dividend hypotheis introducted by Bovenberg and Van der Ploeg. By double dividend they mean that higher pollution taxes and lower taxes on labour would not only improve the environment but also boost em loyment. The author investigates the effect of higher prices of energy anB lower nominal wages - as a result of the shift in taxes away from labour -on employment, as well as the consequences on investment and productivity. The model is used is a dynamic investment model based on a putty-clay vintage structure with three inputs (labour, ca ital and energy) producing output. The model is calibrated using data For the Dutch private sector for the period 1953 until 1989. The main conclusion is that shifting taxes from labour towards energy, reduces economic activity, despite factor substitution. Efflclent use of energy and materlala: Progress and 96lo6613 pollclea. A Report of the Secretarv-General of the Unlted katlona . Natural Resources Forum, Aug. 1996, 20, (3). 227-239. There is a growing awareness of the serious problems associated with the provision of sufficient energy to meet human needs and to fuel economic growth world-wide. This has pointed to the need for energy and material efficiency, which would reduce air, water and thermal pollution, as well as waste production. Increasing energy and material efficiency also have the benefits of increased employment, improved balance of imports and exports, increased security of energy supply and adopting environmentally adiantageous energy supply. A large $t&tial exisis f& energy savings through energy and material efticiencv imorovements. Technologies are not n;w, nor%11 they be, in the foreieeagle future, the limitingfactors with regard to continuing energy efficiency improvements.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts November 1996 473