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108. Criminal Justice Involvement is Associated With Early Mortality and Homicide Related Death Among Juvenile Offenders
Poster Abstracts / 56 (2015) S36eS84
Sources of Support: We would like to thank the Lucile Packard Foundation for Children’s Health and the Children’s Health Fund who are the primary funders of the Teen Health Van, Verizon Wireless who provided support for the technical infrastructure of the program, Care Message, who provided the PHI- and HIPPAcompliant platform utilized.
RESEARCH POSTER SESSION I: JUVENILE JUSTICE 108. CRIMINAL JUSTICE INVOLVEMENT IS ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY MORTALITY AND HOMICIDE RELATED DEATH AMONG JUVENILE OFFENDERS Katherine S.L. Lau, PhD 1, Aaron Willis, MSW 2, Anthony J. Perkins, MSc 2, Wanzhu Tu, PhD 3, Marc B. Rosenman, MD 3, Sarah E. Wiehe, MD, MPH 3, Matthew C. Aalsma, PhD 3.
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1.55-10.29), and other death (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.07-4.64). Detained youth had increased odds of homicide (OR, 3.68; 95% CI, 2.56-5.29), suicide (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.16-4.28), and other death (OR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.40-3.30). Significant demographic factors indicated that male gender (OR, 5.37; 95% CI, 3.16-9.15), black youth versus white youth (OR, 4.19; 95% CI, 2.81-6.24), and older age at first arrest (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.08-2.39) were associated with increased odds of homicide. Conclusions: Severe involvement in the justice system is associated with greater mortality and violent death. Severe involvement may also be associated with significant psychiatric and substance use problems, as evidenced by greater likelihoods of death by suicide and overdose, respectively. Increased rates of service provision for youth in more severe levels of the criminal justice system are needed during time spent in the system, and after release. Sources of Support: Department of Health and Human Services, HRSA/MCHB R40MC08721. 109.
1
Indiana University School of Medicine, Section of Adolescent Medicine; 2Indiana University; 3Indiana University School of Medicine. Purpose: Rates of mortality are higher among detained and incarcerated youth. The higher mortality may be due to greater rates of future violent and non-violent crimes among justiceinvolved youth. Similarly, these youth are more often homicide victims. Despite these overall associations among these high-risk youth, predictors of early death by level of criminal justice involvement and cause of death have been understudied. The purpose of this study was to determine the odds of different causes of death (e.g., overdose, homicide, accidental, etc.) associated with severity of criminal justice involvement (arrested, detained, incarcerated, or transferred to the adult criminal justice system) among justice-involved youth. Methods: A longitudinal cohort analysis using retrospective data was conducted on 50,182 justice-involved youth age 10 to 18 years in Marion County, Indiana between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2011. During the study timeframe 518 deaths occurred (22.78% unknown causes), and age of death ranged from 12-30 years. A multiple generalized logistic regression model was used to assess odds of type of death (homicide, overdose, suicide, other death) versus no death. Data on demographics and most severe involvement in the criminal justice system (arrested, detained, incarcerated in juvenile prison, transferred to adult court) were included as predictors. Results: There was a total of 400 participants with known cases of death, and deaths occurred disproportionately among males (84%) and black (56%) youth. Of the 400 deaths, 130 were among arrested youth, 177 were detained youth, 57 were incarcerated youth, and 36 were youth transferred to adult court. Causes of death included homicide, overdose, suicide, and other (i.e., natural, accident, undetermined). Independent of gender, race, and age at first arrest, logistic regression analyses indicated that compared to arrested youth, youth transferred to adult court were at increased odds of homicide (OR, 7.27; 95% CI, 4.35-12.18), death due to overdose (OR, 5.00; 95% CI, 1.71-14.64), and suicide (OR, 4.80; 95% CI, 1.59-14.47). Similarly, youth incarcerated in juvenile prison were at increased odds of homicide (OR, 5.75; 95% CI, 3.59-9.23), death due to overdose (OR, 6.40; 95% CI, 3.07-13.32), suicide (OR, 3.99; 95% CI,
RACIAL/ETHNIC IDENTITY, AND MENTAL HEALTH AND SUBSTANCE USE STATUS AS PREDICTORS OF ARREST AND ARREST OUTCOMES IN A LARGE SAMPLE OF FIRST TIME JUVENILE OFFENDERS Katherine S.L. Lau, PhD, Aaron Willis, MSW, Marc B. Rosenman, MD, Sarah E. Wiehe, MD, MPH, Wanzhu Tu, PhD, Matthew C. Aalsma, PhD. Indiana University School of Medicine.
Purpose: The developmental risk of entry into the juvenile justice system peaks between early and late adolescence, and there is disproportionate minority contact (DMC) in all levels of the juvenile offender population. The purpose of this study was to examine how gender, race/ethnicity, mental health, and substance use (MH/ SU) status are associated with age of first arrest and with arrest outcomes. Methods: Between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2011, Marion County arrest data and Medicaid claims data pre-arrest for 12,476 first-time offenders age 8-18 years were collected. Factorial Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed on arrest age with gender, race/ethnicity, and MH/SU status as the independent variables. Multiple sequential logistic regression analyses were performed on four dichotomous arrest outcome variables (release/diverted, probation, detention, mental health services) with gender, MH/SU status, race/ethnicity, and race/ethnicity and gender interaction terms as the main set of predictors, while controlling for arrest age and offense type. Results: Descriptive analyses showed an increase in frequency of arrests beginning at age 12 and decreasing by age 17. Further, two chi-square analyses examining gender and arrest age, and race/ ethnicity and arrest age, indicated that more males are arrested from age 8-18, and more black than white youth are arrested from age 11-14. From age 16-18 more white than black youth are arrested. Factorial ANOVA showed a significant gender by MH/SU status interaction. Simple effects analysis indicated that the means for the four MH/SU groups were significantly different for both males, F(3,12,444)¼99.04, p<.01, and females, F(3,12,444)¼20.07, p<.01. Scheffe’s posthoc revealed males with psychiatric diagnoses were younger than males with no diagnoses, substance diagnoses, or dual diagnoses. Males with substance use diagnoses or dualdiagnoses were older than males with no diagnoses. Females with
Sources of Support: We would like to thank the Lucile Packard Foundation for Children’s Health and the Children’s Health Fund who are the primary funders of the Teen Health Van, Verizon Wireless who provided support for the technical infrastructure of the program, Care Message, who provided the PHI- and HIPPAcompliant platform utilized.
RESEARCH POSTER SESSION I: JUVENILE JUSTICE 108. CRIMINAL JUSTICE INVOLVEMENT IS ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY MORTALITY AND HOMICIDE RELATED DEATH AMONG JUVENILE OFFENDERS Katherine S.L. Lau, PhD 1, Aaron Willis, MSW 2, Anthony J. Perkins, MSc 2, Wanzhu Tu, PhD 3, Marc B. Rosenman, MD 3, Sarah E. Wiehe, MD, MPH 3, Matthew C. Aalsma, PhD 3.
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1.55-10.29), and other death (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.07-4.64). Detained youth had increased odds of homicide (OR, 3.68; 95% CI, 2.56-5.29), suicide (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.16-4.28), and other death (OR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.40-3.30). Significant demographic factors indicated that male gender (OR, 5.37; 95% CI, 3.16-9.15), black youth versus white youth (OR, 4.19; 95% CI, 2.81-6.24), and older age at first arrest (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.08-2.39) were associated with increased odds of homicide. Conclusions: Severe involvement in the justice system is associated with greater mortality and violent death. Severe involvement may also be associated with significant psychiatric and substance use problems, as evidenced by greater likelihoods of death by suicide and overdose, respectively. Increased rates of service provision for youth in more severe levels of the criminal justice system are needed during time spent in the system, and after release. Sources of Support: Department of Health and Human Services, HRSA/MCHB R40MC08721. 109.
1
Indiana University School of Medicine, Section of Adolescent Medicine; 2Indiana University; 3Indiana University School of Medicine. Purpose: Rates of mortality are higher among detained and incarcerated youth. The higher mortality may be due to greater rates of future violent and non-violent crimes among justiceinvolved youth. Similarly, these youth are more often homicide victims. Despite these overall associations among these high-risk youth, predictors of early death by level of criminal justice involvement and cause of death have been understudied. The purpose of this study was to determine the odds of different causes of death (e.g., overdose, homicide, accidental, etc.) associated with severity of criminal justice involvement (arrested, detained, incarcerated, or transferred to the adult criminal justice system) among justice-involved youth. Methods: A longitudinal cohort analysis using retrospective data was conducted on 50,182 justice-involved youth age 10 to 18 years in Marion County, Indiana between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2011. During the study timeframe 518 deaths occurred (22.78% unknown causes), and age of death ranged from 12-30 years. A multiple generalized logistic regression model was used to assess odds of type of death (homicide, overdose, suicide, other death) versus no death. Data on demographics and most severe involvement in the criminal justice system (arrested, detained, incarcerated in juvenile prison, transferred to adult court) were included as predictors. Results: There was a total of 400 participants with known cases of death, and deaths occurred disproportionately among males (84%) and black (56%) youth. Of the 400 deaths, 130 were among arrested youth, 177 were detained youth, 57 were incarcerated youth, and 36 were youth transferred to adult court. Causes of death included homicide, overdose, suicide, and other (i.e., natural, accident, undetermined). Independent of gender, race, and age at first arrest, logistic regression analyses indicated that compared to arrested youth, youth transferred to adult court were at increased odds of homicide (OR, 7.27; 95% CI, 4.35-12.18), death due to overdose (OR, 5.00; 95% CI, 1.71-14.64), and suicide (OR, 4.80; 95% CI, 1.59-14.47). Similarly, youth incarcerated in juvenile prison were at increased odds of homicide (OR, 5.75; 95% CI, 3.59-9.23), death due to overdose (OR, 6.40; 95% CI, 3.07-13.32), suicide (OR, 3.99; 95% CI,
RACIAL/ETHNIC IDENTITY, AND MENTAL HEALTH AND SUBSTANCE USE STATUS AS PREDICTORS OF ARREST AND ARREST OUTCOMES IN A LARGE SAMPLE OF FIRST TIME JUVENILE OFFENDERS Katherine S.L. Lau, PhD, Aaron Willis, MSW, Marc B. Rosenman, MD, Sarah E. Wiehe, MD, MPH, Wanzhu Tu, PhD, Matthew C. Aalsma, PhD. Indiana University School of Medicine.
Purpose: The developmental risk of entry into the juvenile justice system peaks between early and late adolescence, and there is disproportionate minority contact (DMC) in all levels of the juvenile offender population. The purpose of this study was to examine how gender, race/ethnicity, mental health, and substance use (MH/ SU) status are associated with age of first arrest and with arrest outcomes. Methods: Between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2011, Marion County arrest data and Medicaid claims data pre-arrest for 12,476 first-time offenders age 8-18 years were collected. Factorial Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed on arrest age with gender, race/ethnicity, and MH/SU status as the independent variables. Multiple sequential logistic regression analyses were performed on four dichotomous arrest outcome variables (release/diverted, probation, detention, mental health services) with gender, MH/SU status, race/ethnicity, and race/ethnicity and gender interaction terms as the main set of predictors, while controlling for arrest age and offense type. Results: Descriptive analyses showed an increase in frequency of arrests beginning at age 12 and decreasing by age 17. Further, two chi-square analyses examining gender and arrest age, and race/ ethnicity and arrest age, indicated that more males are arrested from age 8-18, and more black than white youth are arrested from age 11-14. From age 16-18 more white than black youth are arrested. Factorial ANOVA showed a significant gender by MH/SU status interaction. Simple effects analysis indicated that the means for the four MH/SU groups were significantly different for both males, F(3,12,444)¼99.04, p<.01, and females, F(3,12,444)¼20.07, p<.01. Scheffe’s posthoc revealed males with psychiatric diagnoses were younger than males with no diagnoses, substance diagnoses, or dual diagnoses. Males with substance use diagnoses or dualdiagnoses were older than males with no diagnoses. Females with