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124. Characteristic isotherms and energy distribution functions for adsorption on activated carbon
138
Abstracts
carbons have been examined. The shape and size of supermicroporosity which is responsible for the high effective surface areas of these carbons is resolved using high resolution transmission electron microscopy. 119. The preparation and properties of charcoals used in gunpowder E. McAuliffe, J. R. Lander and H. Marsh (Northern Carbon Research Laboratories, School of Chemistry, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England). Charcoals were prepared in the laboratory under known carbonization conditions from hard and soft woods. The charcoals were studied by elemental analysis, adsorption of carbon dioxide at 195K, Hg porosimetry, DGA and ignition temperature measurements. The properties of the charcoals were compared and related to their performance in gunpowder. The charcoal giving evenly burning gunpowder had the highest internal pore volume. 120. Development of a non-destructive test for charcoal beds
M. E. Smith and A. Bailey (Chemical Defence Establishment, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wilts, England). Development of a non-destructive test for determining residual filter life is described; results for the dry air/dry charcoal system are given. Rate constants for various grain size charcoals, correlation between non-destructive and destructive testing and the relationship between non-destructive test penetration and loading on the charcoal are given. 121. Surface and catalytic properties of some metal/carbon catalysts A. M. Youssef and A. I. Ahmed (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt). Steam activated and zinc chlorideactivated date pits charcoals were used as supports for some transition metals. The prepared catalysts were used for the dehydrogenation of cyclohexane and for the conversion of isopropanol. The activity and selectivity were found dependent on the pore structure, experimental conditions and the electron configuration of the dorbital. 122. Carbon as a catalyst in oxidation reactions R. Kurth, B. Tereczki and H. P. Boehm (Institut fur Anorganische Chemie der Universitat Munchen, Meiserstrasse 1, D-8ooO Munchen 2, Germany). Catalysis by carbons of the oxidation with O2 of dilute sulfurous acid and of oxalic acid was studied. There are wide variations in the catalytic activities of various carbons. Surface treatment has a profound effect on the activity. Highly active catalysts were obtained by treatment with NH, at 600 to 900°C. The binding of the nitrogen onto the carbon was studied by means of XPS. 123. The applicationof benzene and nitrogen T-curves on grapbitised vulcan 3 to tbe structure of activated carbons G. P. Libberton, K. Graham and J. Dollimore (Uni-
versity of Salford, Salford, England). The surface inhomogeneity of a series of steam activated coal based carbons was investigated using the t-plot technique with particular reference to less than monolayer coverage. The problems associated with the technique are critically examined with respect to micropore value and mesopore surface area calculations. 124. Characteristic isotherms and energy distribution functions for adsorptionon activated carbon A. L. Myers and Di-Yi Ou (Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104). A theory for predicting adsorption from pure vapors on activated carbon has been developed. It is shown that the dimensionless group mRT In (P/PO/AC) is a universal function of 0 (fractional filling of micropores) related to the energy distribution function of the solid. The constants are saturation pressure of adsorbate (PO), adsorption capacity (m) and free energy of immersion (AG). The theory was found to give excellent agreement with experimental data for different types of adsorbates. 125. The influence of sulpbur surface complexes of actfvated carbons on tbe adsorption of He ions from aqueous solution J. de D. Lopez-Gonzalez, C. Moreno-Castilla, A. Guerrero and F. Rodriguez-Reinoso (Department of borganic Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain). Three commercial activated carbons with different percentages of oxygen surface complexes have been treated with CS2 to introduce C-S complexes on their surfaces. To study the nature of the sulphur groups introduced, the samples were used as catalysts in the decomposition of NaN2 by iodine. The samples have been used as adsorbents of He in aqueous solution, the best treatments being the reaction with H202 followed by reaction with CS2. The increase in pH from 1 to 7 induces a considerable increase in the adsorption of HgZ+. 126. Adsorptionof anions on activated carbon H. Yoshida and K. Kamegawa (Government Industrial Research Institute, Kyushu, Tosu-shi, Saga-ken 841, Japan). It was found that heavy metal ions were effectively adsorbed on activated carbon in the form of complex anion or 0x0 anion in an acidic solution. Halogenide ion was also adsorbed on activated carbon in the acidic region and the atomic ratio of adsorbed halogenide ion to adsorbed hydrogen ion, X-/H’, was approx. 1.0. From these results, it is considered that anions are adsorbed on the positive sites of activated carbon formed by the reaction of basic surface oxides with acids. 127. Silver depositinn on carbon blacks P. Ehrburger, J. Dentzer and J. Lahaye (Centre de Recherches sur la Physico-Chimie des Surfaces Solides, 24, avenue du President Kennedy 62800 Mulhouse, France). Silver has been deposited on carbon blacks by ionic exchange with the cations Ag+ and Ag(NH&. The cation Ag+ is mainly fixed by the carboxylic groups
Abstracts
carbons have been examined. The shape and size of supermicroporosity which is responsible for the high effective surface areas of these carbons is resolved using high resolution transmission electron microscopy. 119. The preparation and properties of charcoals used in gunpowder E. McAuliffe, J. R. Lander and H. Marsh (Northern Carbon Research Laboratories, School of Chemistry, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England). Charcoals were prepared in the laboratory under known carbonization conditions from hard and soft woods. The charcoals were studied by elemental analysis, adsorption of carbon dioxide at 195K, Hg porosimetry, DGA and ignition temperature measurements. The properties of the charcoals were compared and related to their performance in gunpowder. The charcoal giving evenly burning gunpowder had the highest internal pore volume. 120. Development of a non-destructive test for charcoal beds
M. E. Smith and A. Bailey (Chemical Defence Establishment, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wilts, England). Development of a non-destructive test for determining residual filter life is described; results for the dry air/dry charcoal system are given. Rate constants for various grain size charcoals, correlation between non-destructive and destructive testing and the relationship between non-destructive test penetration and loading on the charcoal are given. 121. Surface and catalytic properties of some metal/carbon catalysts A. M. Youssef and A. I. Ahmed (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt). Steam activated and zinc chlorideactivated date pits charcoals were used as supports for some transition metals. The prepared catalysts were used for the dehydrogenation of cyclohexane and for the conversion of isopropanol. The activity and selectivity were found dependent on the pore structure, experimental conditions and the electron configuration of the dorbital. 122. Carbon as a catalyst in oxidation reactions R. Kurth, B. Tereczki and H. P. Boehm (Institut fur Anorganische Chemie der Universitat Munchen, Meiserstrasse 1, D-8ooO Munchen 2, Germany). Catalysis by carbons of the oxidation with O2 of dilute sulfurous acid and of oxalic acid was studied. There are wide variations in the catalytic activities of various carbons. Surface treatment has a profound effect on the activity. Highly active catalysts were obtained by treatment with NH, at 600 to 900°C. The binding of the nitrogen onto the carbon was studied by means of XPS. 123. The applicationof benzene and nitrogen T-curves on grapbitised vulcan 3 to tbe structure of activated carbons G. P. Libberton, K. Graham and J. Dollimore (Uni-
versity of Salford, Salford, England). The surface inhomogeneity of a series of steam activated coal based carbons was investigated using the t-plot technique with particular reference to less than monolayer coverage. The problems associated with the technique are critically examined with respect to micropore value and mesopore surface area calculations. 124. Characteristic isotherms and energy distribution functions for adsorptionon activated carbon A. L. Myers and Di-Yi Ou (Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104). A theory for predicting adsorption from pure vapors on activated carbon has been developed. It is shown that the dimensionless group mRT In (P/PO/AC) is a universal function of 0 (fractional filling of micropores) related to the energy distribution function of the solid. The constants are saturation pressure of adsorbate (PO), adsorption capacity (m) and free energy of immersion (AG). The theory was found to give excellent agreement with experimental data for different types of adsorbates. 125. The influence of sulpbur surface complexes of actfvated carbons on tbe adsorption of He ions from aqueous solution J. de D. Lopez-Gonzalez, C. Moreno-Castilla, A. Guerrero and F. Rodriguez-Reinoso (Department of borganic Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain). Three commercial activated carbons with different percentages of oxygen surface complexes have been treated with CS2 to introduce C-S complexes on their surfaces. To study the nature of the sulphur groups introduced, the samples were used as catalysts in the decomposition of NaN2 by iodine. The samples have been used as adsorbents of He in aqueous solution, the best treatments being the reaction with H202 followed by reaction with CS2. The increase in pH from 1 to 7 induces a considerable increase in the adsorption of HgZ+. 126. Adsorptionof anions on activated carbon H. Yoshida and K. Kamegawa (Government Industrial Research Institute, Kyushu, Tosu-shi, Saga-ken 841, Japan). It was found that heavy metal ions were effectively adsorbed on activated carbon in the form of complex anion or 0x0 anion in an acidic solution. Halogenide ion was also adsorbed on activated carbon in the acidic region and the atomic ratio of adsorbed halogenide ion to adsorbed hydrogen ion, X-/H’, was approx. 1.0. From these results, it is considered that anions are adsorbed on the positive sites of activated carbon formed by the reaction of basic surface oxides with acids. 127. Silver depositinn on carbon blacks P. Ehrburger, J. Dentzer and J. Lahaye (Centre de Recherches sur la Physico-Chimie des Surfaces Solides, 24, avenue du President Kennedy 62800 Mulhouse, France). Silver has been deposited on carbon blacks by ionic exchange with the cations Ag+ and Ag(NH&. The cation Ag+ is mainly fixed by the carboxylic groups