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1423. Scattering of slow electrons by single crystal molybdenum
Classified abstracts 1412-1424 the films The degree of actlvatmn of the films by barium oxide was determined with the md of measurement of the leakage current The pressure during deposition was 10-7 torr and during measurement 10-a to 10 -9 torr. It is found that it is possible to prepare cold electron emitters with efficiency up to 15 % and h~gh thermal stability on the basis of dispersed molybdenum films It is proposed that emission of hot electrons forms the emission mechanism of these cathodes. P G Borzyak et al, Izr A N S S S R ~er Fiz, 37 (12), 1973, 2613-2616 (in Russian). 18 1412. Applicability of the semiconductor model with surface donors to oxide cathode. (USSR) Using the semiconductor model w~th surface donors, the dependence of electron work function m vacuum on electric field and temperature Is calculated and compared with the experimental dependence measured for oxide cathode prepared by deposition of oxide film from molecular beam. A V Druzhinin and A Ya Knyazev, Izt, A N S S S R Ser Ftz, 37 (12), 1973, 2590-2593 (in Ru~,sian). 18 1413. Emission of intensive currents of negative ions from surface
bombarded by fast particles of discharge. (USSR) An emission negative m n current with density of 3 7 A/cm 2 Js obtained from a cold molybdenum cathode bombarded by fast particles from a discharge m mixture of hydrogen and cesmm Yu I Belchenko ¢t al, lzv A N S S S R Ser FIz, 37 (12), 1973, 2573-2577 (in Russian). 18 1414. Calculation of kinetic electron emission at transmission of multiply charged ions with energy of 0.1 to 2 MeV/nueleon through thin foils. (USSR) The coeffizients of kinetic electron emasslon from surface of thin metallic foils with thickness of 0.1 to I m g c m - t at transmission through them of multiply charged xenon and krypton ions with energy of 0.1 to 2 MeV/nucleon are calculated E S Parilis, lzt' A N S S S R Ser Ftz, 37 (12), 1973, 2565-2567 (m Russian). 18 1415. Laser spark in gases. (USSR) A review of investigations of laser spark m gases at pressures ranging from 1 to 2000 torr is given The mechanisms of gas breakdown by laser radiation is considered. The parameters of plasma during its interaction with laser beam are dascussed. Possibdaty of technical applications of laser spark in gases is shown. G V Ostrovskaya and A N Zaydel, Uspekhi Fiz Nauk, I11 (4), 1973, 5 7 9 ~ 1 5 (in Russian). 18
1416. Asymmetric changes of thermionie current and surface structures of crystals of refractory metals at directed transport processes. (USSR) Asymmetric changes of thermmnic current due to surface structures of crystals of refractory metals at dwected transport processes of electrical charge and heat in the volume of crystals are studied The results of calculations are compared with the experimental data I V Zakurdaev et al, lzv A N S S S R Ser Fiz, 37 (12), 1973, 2547-2552 (m Russian). 18 1417. Secondary electron emission of epitaxial films of calcium oxide
on molybdenum. (USSR) Structure and secondary emission properties of CaO epitaxial films on (ll0) and (100) molybdenum faces are investigated in sealed-off glass devices at residual gas pressure of 5 < l0 -9 tort. The experimental glass devices were pumped by orbitron pumps and they enabled observatmn of structure of the films with the aid of low energy electron d~ffractlon It is found that the CaO films prepared by electron-beam evaporation m vacuum of 5 , 10 - s torr on m o l y b d e n u m substrates kept at 900°C possess perfect surface structure. Crystalline substrates have a strong orienting action on growth of CaO films. The high coefficient of secondary electron emission of 28 at primary electron energy of 2.6 keV has been measured for the examined CaO (100) films using the method of single pulses S V Malyshev et al, Izv A N S S S R Ser Fiz, 37 (12), 1973, 2553-2556 (In Russian)
414
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1418. Defects induced in emitters by electrons and their role in the process of decreasing of secondary electron emission coefficient. (USSR) Variations in the coefficient of secondary electron emission and q u a n t u m yield of photoeffect of magnesium oxide films on their irradiation with electrons are investigated Changes m the coefficient of secondary emission at room temperature are due to generation of colour centres In the films. The mechamsm of generaUon of colour centres is considered A M Tyutikov and M N Toyseva, Izv A N S S S R Ser FI:, 37 (12), 1973, 2557-2561 (m Russian) 18
1419. The theory of emitters with negative electron affinity. (USSR) Using the approximation of bipolar diffusion, general expressions for emasston of electrons into vacuum at transmission and reflection secondary and photoelectron emission with account of volume and surface recombination have been obtained. The results of calculation are compared with the experimental data N L Yasnopolskiy and V I Indrishenok, Izt, A N S S S R Set Fl=, 37 (12), 1973, 2474-2479 (in Russian). 18
1420. Direct modelling of inelastic scattering of electrons. Peculiarities of angular distribution. (USSR) Using the method of direct computer modelling, the dlfferenhal angular characteristics of inelastically reflected electrons with m e d m m energy (500 to 40,000 eV) have been obtained. The calculated results agree well with the experimental data. It is shown that the model of continuous losses can be used for calculatmn of secondary electron emission, excitation of soft X-rays, induced conductivity and charging L V Golovyashkina et al, Izv A N S S S R Ser Ftz, 37 (12), 1973, 2480 2487 (in Russian) 18
1421. Inelastic reflection of electrons and secondary electron emission of oxidized films of Li-Mg and AI-Li-Mg. (USSR) The examined films with various relative content of components have been prepared by samultaneous evaporation of LI, Mg and Al on tantalum substrates in vacuum of 10 - s torr. The films have been activated in oxygen at pressure of 10 -2 torr at gradual Increase of temperature It as found that activation of L1-Mg films at temperature of 20 to 900°C results in an anomalously high coefficient of secondary electron emmsmn of 35 to 37 at I 5 keV energy of primary electrons i M Bronshteyn et al, lzv ~IN S S S R Ser Ftz, 37 (12), 1973, 2488 2491 ( m Russian). 18
1422. Elastic reflection of electrons and secondary electron emission of CsI at low energies of primary electrons. (USSR) Secondary electron emission m the primary electron energy range of 2 to 30 eV is investigated at gradual deposmon of Csl on various substrates m vacuum better than 5 ~ 10 - s tort It is shown that m the energy range of primary electrons of 1 to 30 eV the path of elastically reflected electrons rapidly decreases with the rise of their energy from 4 to 8 eV A G Afanasev and I M Bronshteyn, Izr A N S S S R Ser Ftz, 37 (12), 1973, 2492-2494 (in Russian) 18 1423. Scattering of slow electrons by single crystal molybdenum. (USSR) Variations m the spectrum of energy losses and intensmes of the maxima of secondary and elastically reflected electrons are investigated at adsorption of N2, H2 and residual gases on (100) molybdenum face. It is shown that these characteristics together with the measurement of work function give information on the state of surface. O M Artamonov et al, lzt, A N S S S R Ser Ftz, 37 (12), 1973, 2495-2498 (m Russian) 18 1424. The role of inelastic processes in secondary electron emission of light elements. (USSR) The role of inelastic processes in changes of directions of electron motion and m generation of inelastlcally reflected electrons from massive targets and thin films as considered A method is presented
bombarded by fast particles of discharge. (USSR) An emission negative m n current with density of 3 7 A/cm 2 Js obtained from a cold molybdenum cathode bombarded by fast particles from a discharge m mixture of hydrogen and cesmm Yu I Belchenko ¢t al, lzv A N S S S R Ser FIz, 37 (12), 1973, 2573-2577 (in Russian). 18 1414. Calculation of kinetic electron emission at transmission of multiply charged ions with energy of 0.1 to 2 MeV/nueleon through thin foils. (USSR) The coeffizients of kinetic electron emasslon from surface of thin metallic foils with thickness of 0.1 to I m g c m - t at transmission through them of multiply charged xenon and krypton ions with energy of 0.1 to 2 MeV/nucleon are calculated E S Parilis, lzt' A N S S S R Ser Ftz, 37 (12), 1973, 2565-2567 (m Russian). 18 1415. Laser spark in gases. (USSR) A review of investigations of laser spark m gases at pressures ranging from 1 to 2000 torr is given The mechanisms of gas breakdown by laser radiation is considered. The parameters of plasma during its interaction with laser beam are dascussed. Possibdaty of technical applications of laser spark in gases is shown. G V Ostrovskaya and A N Zaydel, Uspekhi Fiz Nauk, I11 (4), 1973, 5 7 9 ~ 1 5 (in Russian). 18
1416. Asymmetric changes of thermionie current and surface structures of crystals of refractory metals at directed transport processes. (USSR) Asymmetric changes of thermmnic current due to surface structures of crystals of refractory metals at dwected transport processes of electrical charge and heat in the volume of crystals are studied The results of calculations are compared with the experimental data I V Zakurdaev et al, lzv A N S S S R Ser Fiz, 37 (12), 1973, 2547-2552 (m Russian). 18 1417. Secondary electron emission of epitaxial films of calcium oxide
on molybdenum. (USSR) Structure and secondary emission properties of CaO epitaxial films on (ll0) and (100) molybdenum faces are investigated in sealed-off glass devices at residual gas pressure of 5 < l0 -9 tort. The experimental glass devices were pumped by orbitron pumps and they enabled observatmn of structure of the films with the aid of low energy electron d~ffractlon It is found that the CaO films prepared by electron-beam evaporation m vacuum of 5 , 10 - s torr on m o l y b d e n u m substrates kept at 900°C possess perfect surface structure. Crystalline substrates have a strong orienting action on growth of CaO films. The high coefficient of secondary electron emission of 28 at primary electron energy of 2.6 keV has been measured for the examined CaO (100) films using the method of single pulses S V Malyshev et al, Izv A N S S S R Ser Fiz, 37 (12), 1973, 2553-2556 (In Russian)
414
18
1418. Defects induced in emitters by electrons and their role in the process of decreasing of secondary electron emission coefficient. (USSR) Variations in the coefficient of secondary electron emission and q u a n t u m yield of photoeffect of magnesium oxide films on their irradiation with electrons are investigated Changes m the coefficient of secondary emission at room temperature are due to generation of colour centres In the films. The mechamsm of generaUon of colour centres is considered A M Tyutikov and M N Toyseva, Izv A N S S S R Ser FI:, 37 (12), 1973, 2557-2561 (m Russian) 18
1419. The theory of emitters with negative electron affinity. (USSR) Using the approximation of bipolar diffusion, general expressions for emasston of electrons into vacuum at transmission and reflection secondary and photoelectron emission with account of volume and surface recombination have been obtained. The results of calculation are compared with the experimental data N L Yasnopolskiy and V I Indrishenok, Izt, A N S S S R Set Fl=, 37 (12), 1973, 2474-2479 (in Russian). 18
1420. Direct modelling of inelastic scattering of electrons. Peculiarities of angular distribution. (USSR) Using the method of direct computer modelling, the dlfferenhal angular characteristics of inelastically reflected electrons with m e d m m energy (500 to 40,000 eV) have been obtained. The calculated results agree well with the experimental data. It is shown that the model of continuous losses can be used for calculatmn of secondary electron emission, excitation of soft X-rays, induced conductivity and charging L V Golovyashkina et al, Izv A N S S S R Ser Ftz, 37 (12), 1973, 2480 2487 (in Russian) 18
1421. Inelastic reflection of electrons and secondary electron emission of oxidized films of Li-Mg and AI-Li-Mg. (USSR) The examined films with various relative content of components have been prepared by samultaneous evaporation of LI, Mg and Al on tantalum substrates in vacuum of 10 - s torr. The films have been activated in oxygen at pressure of 10 -2 torr at gradual Increase of temperature It as found that activation of L1-Mg films at temperature of 20 to 900°C results in an anomalously high coefficient of secondary electron emmsmn of 35 to 37 at I 5 keV energy of primary electrons i M Bronshteyn et al, lzv ~IN S S S R Ser Ftz, 37 (12), 1973, 2488 2491 ( m Russian). 18
1422. Elastic reflection of electrons and secondary electron emission of CsI at low energies of primary electrons. (USSR) Secondary electron emission m the primary electron energy range of 2 to 30 eV is investigated at gradual deposmon of Csl on various substrates m vacuum better than 5 ~ 10 - s tort It is shown that m the energy range of primary electrons of 1 to 30 eV the path of elastically reflected electrons rapidly decreases with the rise of their energy from 4 to 8 eV A G Afanasev and I M Bronshteyn, Izr A N S S S R Ser Ftz, 37 (12), 1973, 2492-2494 (in Russian) 18 1423. Scattering of slow electrons by single crystal molybdenum. (USSR) Variations m the spectrum of energy losses and intensmes of the maxima of secondary and elastically reflected electrons are investigated at adsorption of N2, H2 and residual gases on (100) molybdenum face. It is shown that these characteristics together with the measurement of work function give information on the state of surface. O M Artamonov et al, lzt, A N S S S R Ser Ftz, 37 (12), 1973, 2495-2498 (m Russian) 18 1424. The role of inelastic processes in secondary electron emission of light elements. (USSR) The role of inelastic processes in changes of directions of electron motion and m generation of inelastlcally reflected electrons from massive targets and thin films as considered A method is presented