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23. Predictive value of EEG for the recurrence of West syndrome after ACTH therapy
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Society Proceedings / Clinical Neurophysiology 121 (2010) e19–e34
conditions revealed larger prefrontal activation in the ALT or in the LOS conditions and smaller activation in the WIN or in the RND conditions in six subjects. These data suggest that prefrontal activation is maximized in the task conditions of moderate difficulty.
primary auditory cortex was involved in audio-visual integration specifically in native English speakers. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2010.02.103
doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2010.02.101
21. Time course of frontal lobe activation in schizophrenia: A multi-task study using two channel near-infrared spectroscopy— Masao Iwase, Michiyo Azechi, Koji Ikezawa, Ryouhei Ishii, Hidetoshi Takahashi, Takayuki Nakahachi, Leonides Canuet, Ryu Kurimoto, Hiroaki Kazui, Motoyuki Fukumoto, Naomi Iike, Kazutaka Ohi, Yuka Yasuda, Ryota Hashimoto, Masatoshi Takeda (Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University, Suita, Japan) Time course characteristics of brain activation are considered to be important in investigating pathophysiology in schizophrenia. Enabled owing to high time resolution of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), we compared time course of prefrontal activation (Fp1-F7, Fp2-F8) in 79 patients with schizophrenia and 130 healthy controls (HC) during five tasks: verbal fluency test (VFT)-letter, VFT-category, Tower of Hanoi (TOH), Sternberg’s, and Stroop tasks. Each task comprised of 30s pre-task baseline, 60s or 120s task, and 60s post-task baseline periods. Prefrontal activation in the HC group was larger in the VFT-letter and the TOH tasks than in the other tasks. Compared with the HC group, prefrontal activation in schizophrenia group was smaller during the former half of the task and the posttask periods in the VFT-letter as well as the VFT-category tasks, during the latter half of the task period in the TOH task, during the task and the post-task periods in the Sternberg’s task, and was comparable in the Stroop task. This study indicates different time course characteristics of prefrontal activation among several frontal tasks in schizophrenia, and supports the utility of prefrontal activation in the VFT-letter task monitored using NIRS as referential findings in psychiatric differential diagnosis, as recently approved by Japanese government as an advanced medical technology. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2010.02.102
22. Neural mechanisms associated with audio-visual integration in native Japanese and native English; an fMRI study—Jun Shinozaki, Nobuo Hiroe, Taku Yoshioka, Masa-aki Sato, Kaoru Sekiyama (ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, Kyoto, Japan) Previous behavioral studies have shown that native speakers of Japanese and English behave differently in auditory-visual speech perception, indicating a reduced role of visual information in Japanese speakers compared to that in English speakers. The aim of this study was to clarify neural mechanisms related to audio-visual integration in speech perception in native Japanese and English speakers. Twelve Japanese and 10 English native speakers participated in this study. During fMRI scanning, participants observed movie stimuli consisting of a speaking face, and judged whether the voice was /ba/ or /ga/ in audio-visual (AV) and audioonly (AO) conditions. To identify brain areas associated with audio-visual integration, we compared AV and AO conditions. The comparison revealed significant activations in the primary auditory cortex in the native English speakers, but not in the native Japanese speakers. Further examination was conducted on the AV–AO contrast, by comparing native English and Japanese speakers. The results suggested that the
23. Predictive value of EEG for the recurrence of West syndrome after ACTH therapy—Tomoyuki Nakahori, Harumi Yoshinaga, Yumiko Ishizaki, Katsuhiro Kobayashi, Yoko Ohtsuka (Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Okayama, Japan) We investigated changes in EEG background activity during and after ACTH therapy to elucidate their predictive value for early relapse in West syndrome (WS). Methods: Subjects were twenty patients with WS who had previously been successfully treated with ACTH. Nine patients had relapsed within 1 year (relapsed group) while the others had not (control group). We extensively analyzed the changes in EEG background activity at four points using topographic analysis: 1 week after the initiation of ACTH, 1 week before the cessation of ACTH, at the cessation of ACTH, and 1 month after the cessation of ACTH. The two groups’ absolute power values of the delta, theta, and alpha bands were compared chronologically and topographically. Results: In the relapsed group, 6 out of 9 patients exhibited higher values for the power of the delta band in the occipital area in the EEG recorded at the cessation of ACTH than in that recorded 1 week earlier. In the control group, in contrast, this increase in delta band power was observed in only 4 out of 11 patients. Conclusion: An early increase in slow waves in the occipital area which were once suppressed by ACTH treatment may be a useful warning sign of early relapse in WS. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2010.02.104
24. The contribution of the right insula and the right frontal operculum to the EEG potential reflecting emotional anticipation—Yasunori Kotani, Yoshimi Ohgami, Tatsuya Yoshihiro, Tetsuji Tsukamoto, Yusuke Inoue (Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan) Recent neuroimaging and EEG studies revealed that the right anterior insular cortex is involved in subjective awareness of emotion, and the activations in this region can be recorded using the EEG called the stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN). Although previous studies revealed that activations in the right anterior insular cortex could be reflected to the SPN amplitude, there is a possibility that the right frontal operculum might also contribute to the SPN. In this study, we investigated if the right operculum thought to be involved in time perception might also contribute to the SPN. We conducted an fMRI experiment (N = 28) using the time estimation task varying the anticipation period for self-involved emotive stimuli. The fMRI analysis revealed that both the right insula and the right operculum were activated during the task. However, the activations in the right frontal operculum were removed when the motor related activations were subtracted from those during the task, whereas the insula activations were intact. The present results support the notion that the right hemisphere SPN amplitude mainly reflects the activities in the right insular cortex, and the operculum activations could be related to motor process rather than to emotional anticipation. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2010.02.105
Society Proceedings / Clinical Neurophysiology 121 (2010) e19–e34
conditions revealed larger prefrontal activation in the ALT or in the LOS conditions and smaller activation in the WIN or in the RND conditions in six subjects. These data suggest that prefrontal activation is maximized in the task conditions of moderate difficulty.
primary auditory cortex was involved in audio-visual integration specifically in native English speakers. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2010.02.103
doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2010.02.101
21. Time course of frontal lobe activation in schizophrenia: A multi-task study using two channel near-infrared spectroscopy— Masao Iwase, Michiyo Azechi, Koji Ikezawa, Ryouhei Ishii, Hidetoshi Takahashi, Takayuki Nakahachi, Leonides Canuet, Ryu Kurimoto, Hiroaki Kazui, Motoyuki Fukumoto, Naomi Iike, Kazutaka Ohi, Yuka Yasuda, Ryota Hashimoto, Masatoshi Takeda (Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University, Suita, Japan) Time course characteristics of brain activation are considered to be important in investigating pathophysiology in schizophrenia. Enabled owing to high time resolution of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), we compared time course of prefrontal activation (Fp1-F7, Fp2-F8) in 79 patients with schizophrenia and 130 healthy controls (HC) during five tasks: verbal fluency test (VFT)-letter, VFT-category, Tower of Hanoi (TOH), Sternberg’s, and Stroop tasks. Each task comprised of 30s pre-task baseline, 60s or 120s task, and 60s post-task baseline periods. Prefrontal activation in the HC group was larger in the VFT-letter and the TOH tasks than in the other tasks. Compared with the HC group, prefrontal activation in schizophrenia group was smaller during the former half of the task and the posttask periods in the VFT-letter as well as the VFT-category tasks, during the latter half of the task period in the TOH task, during the task and the post-task periods in the Sternberg’s task, and was comparable in the Stroop task. This study indicates different time course characteristics of prefrontal activation among several frontal tasks in schizophrenia, and supports the utility of prefrontal activation in the VFT-letter task monitored using NIRS as referential findings in psychiatric differential diagnosis, as recently approved by Japanese government as an advanced medical technology. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2010.02.102
22. Neural mechanisms associated with audio-visual integration in native Japanese and native English; an fMRI study—Jun Shinozaki, Nobuo Hiroe, Taku Yoshioka, Masa-aki Sato, Kaoru Sekiyama (ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, Kyoto, Japan) Previous behavioral studies have shown that native speakers of Japanese and English behave differently in auditory-visual speech perception, indicating a reduced role of visual information in Japanese speakers compared to that in English speakers. The aim of this study was to clarify neural mechanisms related to audio-visual integration in speech perception in native Japanese and English speakers. Twelve Japanese and 10 English native speakers participated in this study. During fMRI scanning, participants observed movie stimuli consisting of a speaking face, and judged whether the voice was /ba/ or /ga/ in audio-visual (AV) and audioonly (AO) conditions. To identify brain areas associated with audio-visual integration, we compared AV and AO conditions. The comparison revealed significant activations in the primary auditory cortex in the native English speakers, but not in the native Japanese speakers. Further examination was conducted on the AV–AO contrast, by comparing native English and Japanese speakers. The results suggested that the
23. Predictive value of EEG for the recurrence of West syndrome after ACTH therapy—Tomoyuki Nakahori, Harumi Yoshinaga, Yumiko Ishizaki, Katsuhiro Kobayashi, Yoko Ohtsuka (Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Okayama, Japan) We investigated changes in EEG background activity during and after ACTH therapy to elucidate their predictive value for early relapse in West syndrome (WS). Methods: Subjects were twenty patients with WS who had previously been successfully treated with ACTH. Nine patients had relapsed within 1 year (relapsed group) while the others had not (control group). We extensively analyzed the changes in EEG background activity at four points using topographic analysis: 1 week after the initiation of ACTH, 1 week before the cessation of ACTH, at the cessation of ACTH, and 1 month after the cessation of ACTH. The two groups’ absolute power values of the delta, theta, and alpha bands were compared chronologically and topographically. Results: In the relapsed group, 6 out of 9 patients exhibited higher values for the power of the delta band in the occipital area in the EEG recorded at the cessation of ACTH than in that recorded 1 week earlier. In the control group, in contrast, this increase in delta band power was observed in only 4 out of 11 patients. Conclusion: An early increase in slow waves in the occipital area which were once suppressed by ACTH treatment may be a useful warning sign of early relapse in WS. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2010.02.104
24. The contribution of the right insula and the right frontal operculum to the EEG potential reflecting emotional anticipation—Yasunori Kotani, Yoshimi Ohgami, Tatsuya Yoshihiro, Tetsuji Tsukamoto, Yusuke Inoue (Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan) Recent neuroimaging and EEG studies revealed that the right anterior insular cortex is involved in subjective awareness of emotion, and the activations in this region can be recorded using the EEG called the stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN). Although previous studies revealed that activations in the right anterior insular cortex could be reflected to the SPN amplitude, there is a possibility that the right frontal operculum might also contribute to the SPN. In this study, we investigated if the right operculum thought to be involved in time perception might also contribute to the SPN. We conducted an fMRI experiment (N = 28) using the time estimation task varying the anticipation period for self-involved emotive stimuli. The fMRI analysis revealed that both the right insula and the right operculum were activated during the task. However, the activations in the right frontal operculum were removed when the motor related activations were subtracted from those during the task, whereas the insula activations were intact. The present results support the notion that the right hemisphere SPN amplitude mainly reflects the activities in the right insular cortex, and the operculum activations could be related to motor process rather than to emotional anticipation. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2010.02.105