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507 Person and situation influences on cardiovascular reactivity to stress
Abstracts
/International
Journal
(before: CS-A0 = 24.9 f 6.89; after: CS-A0 = 32 f 6.93; p < 0.05). There was no difference between the groups at any point of the experiment. Conclusion: CS causes reset in hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis, what results in change of acute stress response compared to non CS group: in alarm stage of stress (first l/2 h) testosterone did not show decrease, but estrogen showed increased. CS resulted in decreased level of progesterone 24 h after AS.
506 TYPE A’S STRESS REACTIVITY SECRETORY IGA CAN BE MODIFIED PORT
MEASURED BY BY SOCIAL SUP-
F. Yamadaa and H. Asada aOsaka Prefectural College of Nursing, bOsaka Prefectural University, Osaka, Japan The purpose of this experiment was to examine the effects of social support network size (SSNS) upon the stress seactivity of Type A and Type B persons. Stress reactivity was measured by increases in salivary secretory immunogrobline A (s-&A), eyeblink rate, heart rate, and respiration rate. Sixty two undergraduates, all males, were assigned into following four groups, i.e., Group BS (Type B/Small SSNS; n = 16), Group BL (Type B/Large SSNS; n = 16), Group AS (Type A/Small SSNS; n = 151, and Group AL (Type A/Large SSNS; n = 151, after a screening test carried out to over 600 university students. Experimental stressors were 3 types of mental tasks; (1) digit detection of odd or even, (2) two-digits mental calculation, and (3) fourdigits mental calculation. Each task run for 3 min and the order of task was randomly varied among subjects. After completed each task, subjects were instructed to perform the same task harder (more fast and more accurate) than the first trial. The second trial was run in a reverse order. It took one or more hour to complete all tasks. Results showed that s-&A significantly increased from preexperimental rest period to post-experimental rest period. Additionally the amount of increases in s-IgA was the smallest in Group BS and the largest in Group AS. Analysis of variance indicated that the Type AI3 by SSNS interaction was at near significant level. Other psychophysiological measures indicated that the given tasks were mild stressful events for all subjects. These resnlts suggest that social support network size inhibits stress reactivity for Type A persons, and facilitates stress reactivity in Type B persons.
507 PERSON AND SITUATION INFLUENCES DIOVASCULAR REACTIVITY TO STRESS
ON CAR-
K.L. Heffnera, G.P. Ginsburga and T.R. Hartleyb aUniversity of Nevada, Reno, bUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
of Psychophysiology
30 (1998)
95-271
195
It has previously been demonstrated that particular types of appraisals of an upcoming stressful task (i.e., threat or challenge) are tied to particular physiological patterns of reactivity (Tomaka, Blascovich, Kelsey, and Leitten, 1993). Similar patterns of reactivity have also been demonstrated to be related to particular situations distinguished by the presence or absence of contextually relevant opportunities to act (Hartley, Ginsburg, and Heffner, 1998). It would be appropriate then to explore what physiological patterns emerge when appraisals of the potentially stressful situation and opportunities for action within the situation are together taken into account. The research reported here considered cognitive appraisals and the opportunities for managing an impression together as constituents of the context within which the individual was situated. Specifically, we wanted to determine what effect manipulating an explicit socially evaluative situation had on the observation of the cognitive appraisal and reactivity relationship. Participants were 61 undergraduate males. During the first laboratory session, participants read through a short speech about themselves while being videotaped. At a second session one week later, participants watched their videotape while physiological measures were recorded using impedance cardiography. During the viewing, Active Experimental (n = 21) participants had the opportunity to designate portions of the videotape they wished to re-shoot before the tape was presumably evaluated by fellow students. Passive Experiment (n = 21) participants also watched their videotape but had no opportunity to designate.portions for revision before it was presumably reviewed by students. Control participants (n = 19) received two, counterbalanced conditions: in the Active Control condition, participants watched a narrated architectural tape and designated portions of the videotape they felt should be re-shot; in the Passive Control condition, participants watched their own videotapes, but were told they would be erased without being viewed or evaluated by anyone else. Preceding the viewing of the videotape but following the instructions for the viewing, participants were asked to rate how threatened they were by the upcoming task, as well as how able they were to cope with it. Threat level was operationalized as the ratio of the primary appraisal (threat score) to secondary appraisal (coping score). Physiological dependent variables of interest included two cardiac measures, stroke volume (SV) and ejection fraction (EF), and total peripheral resistance (TPR), a vascular measure. MANOVAs revealed significant differences in reactivity between the groups in the predicted manner. Multiple regression analyses revealed a positive relationship between TPR and threat appraisal in both Passive conditions (Experimental: r2 = 0.24, b = 42.04, p < 0.05; Control: r2 = 0.27, b = 56.48, p < 0.05), while SV and EF were negatively related to threat appraisal in the Active Experimental group (SV(ratio): r2 = 0.14, b = -4.33, p < 0.1; EF (ratio): r2 = 0.17, b = - 16.97, p < 0.11. No relationships existed in the Active Control condition. These results are interpreted to indicate the necessary analysis of person and situation interactions in studies of stress and physiological reactivity and are discussed in the context of a situated line of action approach.
/International
Journal
(before: CS-A0 = 24.9 f 6.89; after: CS-A0 = 32 f 6.93; p < 0.05). There was no difference between the groups at any point of the experiment. Conclusion: CS causes reset in hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis, what results in change of acute stress response compared to non CS group: in alarm stage of stress (first l/2 h) testosterone did not show decrease, but estrogen showed increased. CS resulted in decreased level of progesterone 24 h after AS.
506 TYPE A’S STRESS REACTIVITY SECRETORY IGA CAN BE MODIFIED PORT
MEASURED BY BY SOCIAL SUP-
F. Yamadaa and H. Asada aOsaka Prefectural College of Nursing, bOsaka Prefectural University, Osaka, Japan The purpose of this experiment was to examine the effects of social support network size (SSNS) upon the stress seactivity of Type A and Type B persons. Stress reactivity was measured by increases in salivary secretory immunogrobline A (s-&A), eyeblink rate, heart rate, and respiration rate. Sixty two undergraduates, all males, were assigned into following four groups, i.e., Group BS (Type B/Small SSNS; n = 16), Group BL (Type B/Large SSNS; n = 16), Group AS (Type A/Small SSNS; n = 151, and Group AL (Type A/Large SSNS; n = 151, after a screening test carried out to over 600 university students. Experimental stressors were 3 types of mental tasks; (1) digit detection of odd or even, (2) two-digits mental calculation, and (3) fourdigits mental calculation. Each task run for 3 min and the order of task was randomly varied among subjects. After completed each task, subjects were instructed to perform the same task harder (more fast and more accurate) than the first trial. The second trial was run in a reverse order. It took one or more hour to complete all tasks. Results showed that s-&A significantly increased from preexperimental rest period to post-experimental rest period. Additionally the amount of increases in s-IgA was the smallest in Group BS and the largest in Group AS. Analysis of variance indicated that the Type AI3 by SSNS interaction was at near significant level. Other psychophysiological measures indicated that the given tasks were mild stressful events for all subjects. These resnlts suggest that social support network size inhibits stress reactivity for Type A persons, and facilitates stress reactivity in Type B persons.
507 PERSON AND SITUATION INFLUENCES DIOVASCULAR REACTIVITY TO STRESS
ON CAR-
K.L. Heffnera, G.P. Ginsburga and T.R. Hartleyb aUniversity of Nevada, Reno, bUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
of Psychophysiology
30 (1998)
95-271
195
It has previously been demonstrated that particular types of appraisals of an upcoming stressful task (i.e., threat or challenge) are tied to particular physiological patterns of reactivity (Tomaka, Blascovich, Kelsey, and Leitten, 1993). Similar patterns of reactivity have also been demonstrated to be related to particular situations distinguished by the presence or absence of contextually relevant opportunities to act (Hartley, Ginsburg, and Heffner, 1998). It would be appropriate then to explore what physiological patterns emerge when appraisals of the potentially stressful situation and opportunities for action within the situation are together taken into account. The research reported here considered cognitive appraisals and the opportunities for managing an impression together as constituents of the context within which the individual was situated. Specifically, we wanted to determine what effect manipulating an explicit socially evaluative situation had on the observation of the cognitive appraisal and reactivity relationship. Participants were 61 undergraduate males. During the first laboratory session, participants read through a short speech about themselves while being videotaped. At a second session one week later, participants watched their videotape while physiological measures were recorded using impedance cardiography. During the viewing, Active Experimental (n = 21) participants had the opportunity to designate portions of the videotape they wished to re-shoot before the tape was presumably evaluated by fellow students. Passive Experiment (n = 21) participants also watched their videotape but had no opportunity to designate.portions for revision before it was presumably reviewed by students. Control participants (n = 19) received two, counterbalanced conditions: in the Active Control condition, participants watched a narrated architectural tape and designated portions of the videotape they felt should be re-shot; in the Passive Control condition, participants watched their own videotapes, but were told they would be erased without being viewed or evaluated by anyone else. Preceding the viewing of the videotape but following the instructions for the viewing, participants were asked to rate how threatened they were by the upcoming task, as well as how able they were to cope with it. Threat level was operationalized as the ratio of the primary appraisal (threat score) to secondary appraisal (coping score). Physiological dependent variables of interest included two cardiac measures, stroke volume (SV) and ejection fraction (EF), and total peripheral resistance (TPR), a vascular measure. MANOVAs revealed significant differences in reactivity between the groups in the predicted manner. Multiple regression analyses revealed a positive relationship between TPR and threat appraisal in both Passive conditions (Experimental: r2 = 0.24, b = 42.04, p < 0.05; Control: r2 = 0.27, b = 56.48, p < 0.05), while SV and EF were negatively related to threat appraisal in the Active Experimental group (SV(ratio): r2 = 0.14, b = -4.33, p < 0.1; EF (ratio): r2 = 0.17, b = - 16.97, p < 0.11. No relationships existed in the Active Control condition. These results are interpreted to indicate the necessary analysis of person and situation interactions in studies of stress and physiological reactivity and are discussed in the context of a situated line of action approach.