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579 Interhemispheric organization of brain and individual differences
Abstracts
/International
Journal
hemispheric dominance. Because of the fact, that in the course of study the tasks, involving the logic-symbolic components of thinking predominated, the low values of these indices may be found in persons, predominantly oriented at the right-hemisphere type of information-processing. In addition, persons with the right-hemispheric type of lateralization display an increase in the inertia of hemispheric dominance, in persons with left-hemispheric type of lateralization it diminishes. The disturbances of the hemispheric balance are determined by the increase in the activity of the right hemisphere and the predominance of right-hemispheric thinking, which is revealed in the alteration of their behavior (the necessity of constant control over any changes in the situation, the increase in autistic fantasies, etc.). Probably, in a number of cases the predominant activation of the right hemisphere causes the interfering inhibition of the left hemisphere, which is revealed in EEG. The existence of hemispheric interaction does not diminish the role of the functional asymmetry of the brain. It ensures the effective use of the mode of information-processing characteristic of each hemisphere.
579 INTERHEMISPHERIC ORGANIZATION AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
OF BRAIN
E.D. Khomskaya, I.V. Efimova and E.V. Budyka Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia Types of interhemispheric organization are related to factors responsible for individual differences. The given factor can be considered as a biological basis determining individual structure-functional organization of human brain. The method of evaluation of degree of asymmetry in motor, auditory-verbal and visual systems was introduced. The different variants of individual lateral@ profile (LP) was singled out in groups of University students. The correlations of LP with: i> specificity of motor functions, ii) specificity of cognition functions, iii) emotional-personal sphere, iv) objective and subjective health indication, v) specificity of professional and sport activity were found.The subjects with right type of LP (the persons with indications of prevalence of a left hemisphere of brain) fulfill spatial operations more successfully, but they demonstrate low results in the verbal tasks. “A Physiological price” of their intellectual strain is high. Positive emotions prevail in emotional-personal sphere at the persons with right of LP. The representatives of the given type of LP are met more often among engineers, for example. Motor, cognitive, emotional processes of the persons with the left type of LP (the persons with indications of prevalence of a right hemisphere) are slower. These persons fullill the spatial tests worse; “a physiological price” of their intellectual strain is lower compared with the right type of LP. Negative emotions predominate in emotional-personal sphere of the persons with.the left type of LP. These persons are met more often among the people of
of Psychophysiology
30 (1998)
95-271
221
art. The group of ambidexters can be refereed to the group with the left type of LP according to some characteristics and to the group with the right type of LP according to the others.
580 YOGA UNINOSTRIL BREATHING AND BRAIN LATERALIW AN ASSESSMENT OF MEMORY SCORES AND AUDITORY MLRS P. Raghuraj, K.V. Naveen and S. Telles Vivekananda Kendra Yoga Research Foundation, Bengalore, India Previous studies showed that forced uninostril breathing enhances the activity of the contralateral hemisphere, based on EEG and performance in hemisphere-specific tasks. Yoga uninostril breathing can be effortlessly carried on for long periods. The effects of selective nostril yoga breathing are reported here in two parts. (I) 135 high school children were randomly assigned to 5 groups (left-, right-, alternate-nostril yoga breathing groups, breath awareness group and control group). After initial assessments of verbal and spatial memory scores, subjects practiced the selective breathing practice (27 rounds 4 times a day) for 10 days, followed by final assessments. All 4 trained groups showed 84% significant increase in spatial memory scores (two factor ANOVA, Turkey test). There were no changes in verbal memory scores and no overall lateralized effects. (II) In 12 adults AEP MLRs (O-100 ms range) were recorded before during and after (1) yoga right nostril breathing, and (2) normal breathing, for 30 minutes each, Recordings were made from symmetrical scalp sites on either side. There was a significant reduction in Na wave peak latency on the left side and increase in Na wave peak amplitude on the right side during the practice (t test for paired data). This suggests that right uninostril yoga breathing modulates auditory neural processing at mesencephalic-diencephalic regions (i.e. recognized Na wave generator), in different ways on either side.
581 HYPOPROSODY AMONG ALEXITHYMIC SUBJECTS: AN INDEX OF RELATIVE HYPOACTIVI’IY OF THE RIGHT HEMISPHERE IN ALEXITHYMIA? Brigitte Ouhayoun’, Bertrand Lauret ‘, Ldic Brillaud’, Silla M. Consoli’ ‘Department of Consultation Psychiatry Liaison, Broussais Hopital, Paris, France, ‘Institute of General and Applied Linguistics and Phonetics, URA, CNRS 1027, Paris, France Alexithymic subjects are unable to efficiently perceive and communicate their own emotions. The neuropsychological model of alexithymia posits a right hemisphere dysfunction. Right hemisphere is known to predominate in motor expression of emotion, notably prosody, in right-handers. Among linguistic studies, comparative content analyses of speech
/International
Journal
hemispheric dominance. Because of the fact, that in the course of study the tasks, involving the logic-symbolic components of thinking predominated, the low values of these indices may be found in persons, predominantly oriented at the right-hemisphere type of information-processing. In addition, persons with the right-hemispheric type of lateralization display an increase in the inertia of hemispheric dominance, in persons with left-hemispheric type of lateralization it diminishes. The disturbances of the hemispheric balance are determined by the increase in the activity of the right hemisphere and the predominance of right-hemispheric thinking, which is revealed in the alteration of their behavior (the necessity of constant control over any changes in the situation, the increase in autistic fantasies, etc.). Probably, in a number of cases the predominant activation of the right hemisphere causes the interfering inhibition of the left hemisphere, which is revealed in EEG. The existence of hemispheric interaction does not diminish the role of the functional asymmetry of the brain. It ensures the effective use of the mode of information-processing characteristic of each hemisphere.
579 INTERHEMISPHERIC ORGANIZATION AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
OF BRAIN
E.D. Khomskaya, I.V. Efimova and E.V. Budyka Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia Types of interhemispheric organization are related to factors responsible for individual differences. The given factor can be considered as a biological basis determining individual structure-functional organization of human brain. The method of evaluation of degree of asymmetry in motor, auditory-verbal and visual systems was introduced. The different variants of individual lateral@ profile (LP) was singled out in groups of University students. The correlations of LP with: i> specificity of motor functions, ii) specificity of cognition functions, iii) emotional-personal sphere, iv) objective and subjective health indication, v) specificity of professional and sport activity were found.The subjects with right type of LP (the persons with indications of prevalence of a left hemisphere of brain) fulfill spatial operations more successfully, but they demonstrate low results in the verbal tasks. “A Physiological price” of their intellectual strain is high. Positive emotions prevail in emotional-personal sphere at the persons with right of LP. The representatives of the given type of LP are met more often among engineers, for example. Motor, cognitive, emotional processes of the persons with the left type of LP (the persons with indications of prevalence of a right hemisphere) are slower. These persons fullill the spatial tests worse; “a physiological price” of their intellectual strain is lower compared with the right type of LP. Negative emotions predominate in emotional-personal sphere of the persons with.the left type of LP. These persons are met more often among the people of
of Psychophysiology
30 (1998)
95-271
221
art. The group of ambidexters can be refereed to the group with the left type of LP according to some characteristics and to the group with the right type of LP according to the others.
580 YOGA UNINOSTRIL BREATHING AND BRAIN LATERALIW AN ASSESSMENT OF MEMORY SCORES AND AUDITORY MLRS P. Raghuraj, K.V. Naveen and S. Telles Vivekananda Kendra Yoga Research Foundation, Bengalore, India Previous studies showed that forced uninostril breathing enhances the activity of the contralateral hemisphere, based on EEG and performance in hemisphere-specific tasks. Yoga uninostril breathing can be effortlessly carried on for long periods. The effects of selective nostril yoga breathing are reported here in two parts. (I) 135 high school children were randomly assigned to 5 groups (left-, right-, alternate-nostril yoga breathing groups, breath awareness group and control group). After initial assessments of verbal and spatial memory scores, subjects practiced the selective breathing practice (27 rounds 4 times a day) for 10 days, followed by final assessments. All 4 trained groups showed 84% significant increase in spatial memory scores (two factor ANOVA, Turkey test). There were no changes in verbal memory scores and no overall lateralized effects. (II) In 12 adults AEP MLRs (O-100 ms range) were recorded before during and after (1) yoga right nostril breathing, and (2) normal breathing, for 30 minutes each, Recordings were made from symmetrical scalp sites on either side. There was a significant reduction in Na wave peak latency on the left side and increase in Na wave peak amplitude on the right side during the practice (t test for paired data). This suggests that right uninostril yoga breathing modulates auditory neural processing at mesencephalic-diencephalic regions (i.e. recognized Na wave generator), in different ways on either side.
581 HYPOPROSODY AMONG ALEXITHYMIC SUBJECTS: AN INDEX OF RELATIVE HYPOACTIVI’IY OF THE RIGHT HEMISPHERE IN ALEXITHYMIA? Brigitte Ouhayoun’, Bertrand Lauret ‘, Ldic Brillaud’, Silla M. Consoli’ ‘Department of Consultation Psychiatry Liaison, Broussais Hopital, Paris, France, ‘Institute of General and Applied Linguistics and Phonetics, URA, CNRS 1027, Paris, France Alexithymic subjects are unable to efficiently perceive and communicate their own emotions. The neuropsychological model of alexithymia posits a right hemisphere dysfunction. Right hemisphere is known to predominate in motor expression of emotion, notably prosody, in right-handers. Among linguistic studies, comparative content analyses of speech