- Email: [email protected]
58 Biocidal efficacy of multipurpose contact lens disinfectant solutions against Acanthamoeba species
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Abstracts of the 2011 BCLA Annual Clinical Conference / Contact Lens & Anterior Eye 34, Supplement 1 (2011) S1–S43
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57
Antimicrobial properties of a novel contactlens disinfecting solution, OPTI-FREE EverMoist
Relationship between disinfecting efficacy of multi-purpose contact lens care solutions and encystment rate of Acanthamoeba
Jami R Kern*, Guimel Kappell, Megan Callan, Linda McNamee, Cindy McAnally, Rhonda Walters, Roya N Borazjani
Miya Nomachi 1, *, Masaki Imayasu 1 , James Lonnen 2 , Wayne Heaselgrave 2
Alcon Research, Ltd., Fort Worth, USA *E-mail address: [email protected] Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a new contact lens disinfecting solution. Method: The efficacy of a new contact lens disinfecting solution with a dual disinfection system was assessed against standard challenge microorganisms and clinical isolates of Acanthamoeba castellanii, Acanthamoeba polyphaga, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Candida albicans, and Fusarium solani using stand-alone microbiological test methodology. Additionally, the efficacy of recently marketed contact lens care solutions, including Revitalens and Biotrue, was tested against standard challenge microorganisms. The stand-alone test is a time kill study designed to qualify individual solutions with a suitable level of antimicrobial activity as contact lens disinfection products. Results: After six hours of disinfection time, the OPTI-FREE EverMoist showed ∼2 logs kill against cysts of A. castellanii ATCC30234 and A. polyphaga ATCC 30871. OPTI-Free EverMoist met the primary Stand-alone criteria with efficacies of more than 4 log reductions for each of the three standard bacteria and each standard yeast and mold. All tested marketed contact lens care solutions showed efficacy against standard challenge microorganisms. Clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, and Candida albicans were reduced by approximately 4 logs or greater after six hours of exposure to OPTI-FREE EverMoist. Conclusions: OPTI-FREE EverMoist MPDS provides broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against a variety of challenge ATCC and clinical microorganisms. OPTI-FREE EverMoist leverages the proven PolyQuad® and Aldox® dual disinfection system to provide excellent antimicrobial efficacy.
1
Menicon Co., Ltd, Aichi, Japan; 2 University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
*E-mail address: [email protected] Purpose: To study the relationship between disinfecting efficacy of multipurpose contact lens care solutions (MPSs) against Acanthamoeba and their encystment rate. Method: Five commercial MPSs (MPS-A: PHMB+ Macrogolglycerol hydroxystearate + Propylene Glycol (PG), MPS-B: PHMB+Poloxamine, MPS-C: Polyquad+Poloxamine, MPS-D: PHMB+Poloxamer+PG, MPS-E: PHMB+poloxamer) were used in this study. Acanthamoeba polyphaga ATCC30461 was axenically cultured with PYG medium at 32°C. Acanthamoeba trophozoites were treated with each MPS for four hours and the number of viable amoebae was estimated by the most probable number method. Acanthamoeba trophozoites were treated with each MPS for 24 hours, followed by five minute treatment of Calcofluor solution with Sarkosyl, a detergent to lyse trophozoites. Encystment rate was estimated by counting the remaining amoebae as mature cysts. The mature cysts were further cultured for the analysis of their viability. Results: Log reduction of Acanthamoeba treated by MPS-A, B, C, D and E were 3.3, 2.6, 0.8, 2.0 and 0.3, respectively. Encystment rates of each Acanthamoeba were 33, 0, 0, 51 and 37%, respectively; however, only amoeba exposed to MPS-D and -E showed high viability after treatment with detergent and following incubation. Conclusions: Relatively higher encystment rates of Acanthamoeba were not always associated with lower disinfecting efficacies of MPSs. It is recommended to perform a cyst viability assay if relatively high encystment rates are observed after exposure to MPS.
58 56 Efficacy of contact lens care solutions against clinical microorganisms Wayne Heaselgrave 1, *, Simon Kilvington 2 , James Lonnen 1 1
University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; 2 Abbott Medical Optics, Santa Ana, USA
*E-mail address: [email protected] Purpose: The assessment of antimicrobial efficacy of contact lens care solutions (CLCS) is limited to a few bacterial and fungal strains, as defined under ISO 14729. Here, the antimicrobial efficacy of CLCS against a broad range of microorganisms isolated from clinical specimens was investigated. Method: Test solutions were: MPS-1 (COMPLETE® RevitaLens™: PQ-1 with alexidine) MPS-2 (Biotrue: PQ-1 with PHMB), MPS-3 (Optifree Replenish: PQ-1 with MAPD) and PER-1 (Clear Care: 1-step hydrogen peroxide system). Thirteen clinical isolates were studied and included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA), Enterococcus sp. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Delftia acidovorans, Escherichia coli (O157) and Candida sp. Biocidal assays were performed according to ISO 14729. Results: After 6 hr contact time, MPS-1 gave total kill (4–5 log or 99.99– 99.999% reduction) of all test organisms. MPS2 showed similar results except for Candida sp. where a 2.9 log kill was obtained. MPS-3 gave a 2.4 log kill of S. aureus (MRSA) and 0.8 log kill for Enterococcus sp. and Candida sp. In addition, MPS-3 produced ≤1.0 log kill of S. maltophilia and D. acidovorans and regrowth of these organisms occurred in the solution over seven days. PER-1 gave total kill for all organisms except Candida sp. and C. albicans (1.7 log and 2.1 log reduction). Conclusions: This study shows that whilst CLCS may be effective against ISO 14729 panel organisms, variation in activity against a wider range of clinical microbes exists. Broad-spectrum disinfectant efficacy is important to meet the challenges of existing and emerging ocular pathogens, along with the development antimicrobial resistance.
Biocidal efficacy of multipurpose contact lens disinfectant solutions against Acanthamoeba species James Lonnen 1, *, Simon Kilvington 2 , Anthony Lam 2 , Wayne Heaselgrave 1 1
University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; 2 Abbott Medical Optics, Santa Ana, USA
*E-mail address: [email protected] Purpose: Acanthamoeba keratitis is a rare but sight threatening infection, with contact lens wearers accounting for 90% of cases. Here, the efficacy of multipurpose disinfectant systems (MPDS) against four Acanthamoeba isolates was investigated. Method: Test strains: A. castellanii (ATCC 50370), A. hatchetti (CDC:V573), Acanthamoeba spp. (Rad and DDW). Test solutions: MPDS-1 (COMPLETE RevitaLens), MPDS2 (Biotrue), MPDS-3 (Optifree Replenish) and PER-1 (Clear Care one-step peroxide). Trophozoites were maintained in axenic medium and cysts prepared using Neff’s encystment medium with 14 days incubation. Results: For trophozoites and 6 hr exposure, MPDS-1 gave 3–4 log kill for all strains except RAD (2.1 log). MPDS-2 gave 3–3.5 log kill for all strains except RAD (1.5 log). MPDS-3 showed 3–4 log kill of 50370 and CDC:V573, 2 log kill with DDW and 1.2 log with RAD. PER-1 gave 3–4 log kill for all strains except CDC:V573 (2 log). For cysts at 6 hr, MPDS-1 gave 3–4 log kill of 50370, CDC:V573, DDW and 2 log for RAD. MPDS-2 gave 1 log kill of 50370 and DDW, and 2 log for CDC:V573 and RAD. MPDS-3 showed 1 log kill of DDW and ≤0.6 log for other strains. PER-1 gave 2 log kill of 50370 and RAD, 1 log for DDW and 0.4 for CDC:V573. Conclusions: Variation in susceptibility of Acanthamoeba keratitis isolates to MPDS occurs, particularly against the cyst stage. COMPLETE RevitaLens showed the greatest efficacy against the Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts tested, followed by Biotrue and Clear Care. Optifree Replenish showed significantly reduced cysticidal efficacy.
Abstracts of the 2011 BCLA Annual Clinical Conference / Contact Lens & Anterior Eye 34, Supplement 1 (2011) S1–S43
55
57
Antimicrobial properties of a novel contactlens disinfecting solution, OPTI-FREE EverMoist
Relationship between disinfecting efficacy of multi-purpose contact lens care solutions and encystment rate of Acanthamoeba
Jami R Kern*, Guimel Kappell, Megan Callan, Linda McNamee, Cindy McAnally, Rhonda Walters, Roya N Borazjani
Miya Nomachi 1, *, Masaki Imayasu 1 , James Lonnen 2 , Wayne Heaselgrave 2
Alcon Research, Ltd., Fort Worth, USA *E-mail address: [email protected] Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a new contact lens disinfecting solution. Method: The efficacy of a new contact lens disinfecting solution with a dual disinfection system was assessed against standard challenge microorganisms and clinical isolates of Acanthamoeba castellanii, Acanthamoeba polyphaga, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Candida albicans, and Fusarium solani using stand-alone microbiological test methodology. Additionally, the efficacy of recently marketed contact lens care solutions, including Revitalens and Biotrue, was tested against standard challenge microorganisms. The stand-alone test is a time kill study designed to qualify individual solutions with a suitable level of antimicrobial activity as contact lens disinfection products. Results: After six hours of disinfection time, the OPTI-FREE EverMoist showed ∼2 logs kill against cysts of A. castellanii ATCC30234 and A. polyphaga ATCC 30871. OPTI-Free EverMoist met the primary Stand-alone criteria with efficacies of more than 4 log reductions for each of the three standard bacteria and each standard yeast and mold. All tested marketed contact lens care solutions showed efficacy against standard challenge microorganisms. Clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, and Candida albicans were reduced by approximately 4 logs or greater after six hours of exposure to OPTI-FREE EverMoist. Conclusions: OPTI-FREE EverMoist MPDS provides broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against a variety of challenge ATCC and clinical microorganisms. OPTI-FREE EverMoist leverages the proven PolyQuad® and Aldox® dual disinfection system to provide excellent antimicrobial efficacy.
1
Menicon Co., Ltd, Aichi, Japan; 2 University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
*E-mail address: [email protected] Purpose: To study the relationship between disinfecting efficacy of multipurpose contact lens care solutions (MPSs) against Acanthamoeba and their encystment rate. Method: Five commercial MPSs (MPS-A: PHMB+ Macrogolglycerol hydroxystearate + Propylene Glycol (PG), MPS-B: PHMB+Poloxamine, MPS-C: Polyquad+Poloxamine, MPS-D: PHMB+Poloxamer+PG, MPS-E: PHMB+poloxamer) were used in this study. Acanthamoeba polyphaga ATCC30461 was axenically cultured with PYG medium at 32°C. Acanthamoeba trophozoites were treated with each MPS for four hours and the number of viable amoebae was estimated by the most probable number method. Acanthamoeba trophozoites were treated with each MPS for 24 hours, followed by five minute treatment of Calcofluor solution with Sarkosyl, a detergent to lyse trophozoites. Encystment rate was estimated by counting the remaining amoebae as mature cysts. The mature cysts were further cultured for the analysis of their viability. Results: Log reduction of Acanthamoeba treated by MPS-A, B, C, D and E were 3.3, 2.6, 0.8, 2.0 and 0.3, respectively. Encystment rates of each Acanthamoeba were 33, 0, 0, 51 and 37%, respectively; however, only amoeba exposed to MPS-D and -E showed high viability after treatment with detergent and following incubation. Conclusions: Relatively higher encystment rates of Acanthamoeba were not always associated with lower disinfecting efficacies of MPSs. It is recommended to perform a cyst viability assay if relatively high encystment rates are observed after exposure to MPS.
58 56 Efficacy of contact lens care solutions against clinical microorganisms Wayne Heaselgrave 1, *, Simon Kilvington 2 , James Lonnen 1 1
University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; 2 Abbott Medical Optics, Santa Ana, USA
*E-mail address: [email protected] Purpose: The assessment of antimicrobial efficacy of contact lens care solutions (CLCS) is limited to a few bacterial and fungal strains, as defined under ISO 14729. Here, the antimicrobial efficacy of CLCS against a broad range of microorganisms isolated from clinical specimens was investigated. Method: Test solutions were: MPS-1 (COMPLETE® RevitaLens™: PQ-1 with alexidine) MPS-2 (Biotrue: PQ-1 with PHMB), MPS-3 (Optifree Replenish: PQ-1 with MAPD) and PER-1 (Clear Care: 1-step hydrogen peroxide system). Thirteen clinical isolates were studied and included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA), Enterococcus sp. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Delftia acidovorans, Escherichia coli (O157) and Candida sp. Biocidal assays were performed according to ISO 14729. Results: After 6 hr contact time, MPS-1 gave total kill (4–5 log or 99.99– 99.999% reduction) of all test organisms. MPS2 showed similar results except for Candida sp. where a 2.9 log kill was obtained. MPS-3 gave a 2.4 log kill of S. aureus (MRSA) and 0.8 log kill for Enterococcus sp. and Candida sp. In addition, MPS-3 produced ≤1.0 log kill of S. maltophilia and D. acidovorans and regrowth of these organisms occurred in the solution over seven days. PER-1 gave total kill for all organisms except Candida sp. and C. albicans (1.7 log and 2.1 log reduction). Conclusions: This study shows that whilst CLCS may be effective against ISO 14729 panel organisms, variation in activity against a wider range of clinical microbes exists. Broad-spectrum disinfectant efficacy is important to meet the challenges of existing and emerging ocular pathogens, along with the development antimicrobial resistance.
Biocidal efficacy of multipurpose contact lens disinfectant solutions against Acanthamoeba species James Lonnen 1, *, Simon Kilvington 2 , Anthony Lam 2 , Wayne Heaselgrave 1 1
University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; 2 Abbott Medical Optics, Santa Ana, USA
*E-mail address: [email protected] Purpose: Acanthamoeba keratitis is a rare but sight threatening infection, with contact lens wearers accounting for 90% of cases. Here, the efficacy of multipurpose disinfectant systems (MPDS) against four Acanthamoeba isolates was investigated. Method: Test strains: A. castellanii (ATCC 50370), A. hatchetti (CDC:V573), Acanthamoeba spp. (Rad and DDW). Test solutions: MPDS-1 (COMPLETE RevitaLens), MPDS2 (Biotrue), MPDS-3 (Optifree Replenish) and PER-1 (Clear Care one-step peroxide). Trophozoites were maintained in axenic medium and cysts prepared using Neff’s encystment medium with 14 days incubation. Results: For trophozoites and 6 hr exposure, MPDS-1 gave 3–4 log kill for all strains except RAD (2.1 log). MPDS-2 gave 3–3.5 log kill for all strains except RAD (1.5 log). MPDS-3 showed 3–4 log kill of 50370 and CDC:V573, 2 log kill with DDW and 1.2 log with RAD. PER-1 gave 3–4 log kill for all strains except CDC:V573 (2 log). For cysts at 6 hr, MPDS-1 gave 3–4 log kill of 50370, CDC:V573, DDW and 2 log for RAD. MPDS-2 gave 1 log kill of 50370 and DDW, and 2 log for CDC:V573 and RAD. MPDS-3 showed 1 log kill of DDW and ≤0.6 log for other strains. PER-1 gave 2 log kill of 50370 and RAD, 1 log for DDW and 0.4 for CDC:V573. Conclusions: Variation in susceptibility of Acanthamoeba keratitis isolates to MPDS occurs, particularly against the cyst stage. COMPLETE RevitaLens showed the greatest efficacy against the Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts tested, followed by Biotrue and Clear Care. Optifree Replenish showed significantly reduced cysticidal efficacy.