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731. Application of the Knudsen method in mass spectrometer type MCX-3A
Classified
abstracts
723-734
with the aid of a monitor. The monitor enables separation of the emitted electrons into two groups: tertiary electrons with energies between 0 and 120 eV and secondary electrons with energies higher than 120 eV. V I Vitko et al, Prih Tekh Ek.vper, No 2, March--April 1912, 148-149 (in Russia,l)
order to preserve a high vacuum over long periods, the water-cooled vacuum jacket of the camera attachment is extended for some distance beyond the camera and an additional absorbing system such as a getter-ion pump is also incorporated. Yu A Krakovetskii-Kocherzhinskii et al, USSR Parrot h’cj 212380. appl 14th Feh 1966. publd 22nd May 1972.
723. Dependence of exoemission on variations of work function during elongation. (Germany) The variations of photostimulated exoelectron emission on decrease of the work function of Pd, Au and Pt during elongation are investigated in vacuum of 5 ,’ IO-” torr. Experimental results are discussed. (USSR) V S Kortov and Yu D Semko, Ph_v.v Stat Sol (a). I1 (I ), May 1972, K35-K37 (in German). 18 724. Conditions of electrical breakdown of gas gaps at low pressure. (USSR) It is shown that the conditions of low-pressure discharge excitation in gaps with cold and hot cathodes can be considered as a special case of the conditions of electrical breakdown of gas gap between plasma and positive electrode. Yu E Kreyndel, Zh Tckh Fiz, 42 (4), April 1972, 897-898 (in Russian).
22. GAUGES
18 725. Significance of the glowing region near the cathode and residual electric field in it for existence of glow discharge. (Germany) It is experimentally shown that in the region of glow near cathode a considerable electric field exists, which provides enhanced ionization of atoms. Charges diffuse from this region to the dark cathode space. P Bause, Wiss Z Techn Hochsch Ilnwnau, 17 (3), 1971, 97-l I3 (in Gcnnan).
II. Vacuum 20. PUMPING
apparatus
and auxiliaries
SYSTEMS
20 726. Vacuum furnace. (USSR) A vacuum furnace intended for the processing of semiconducting devices, including diffusion structures incorporating p II junctions, is described. The pressure disc of the furnace is furnished with \,ertical rods and sharp contacts and is so sited as to minimize its effect on the temperature distribution of the working space. In this way the operations of alloying (doping) and zone melting may be carried out in a single continuous process and the time of production may accordingly be reduced, the proportion of faulty products also diminishing. The exact geometry of the furnace depends on the nature of the parts being produced and processed. V D Zotov et al, USSR Patent No 328519, appl 3rd Sept 1970, published 3rd April 1972 (in Russian). 21. PUMPS
AND
PUMP
-_
728. High-temperature, high-vacuum attachment to an x-ray diffractometer. (USSR) An improved high-temperature, high-vacuum attachment to an x-ray diffractometer intended for taking x-ray photographs by the BraggBrentano method is described. In order to extend the working range of diffraction angles, the window of the camera is made in the form of a continuous hollow cylinder connected via a corrugated sealing ring of soft material such as copper to the body of the camera. In
I
I
730. Modulator of ion source. (USSR) Transistorized circuitry for modulation of ion current of ion source of mass spectrometer by rectangular pulses with repetition frequency of 200 Hz is described. The emission current is stabilized to 0. I “,;, in the range of 0.5 to IO mA. I, F Berzin, Prib Tekh Ekspw. No 2, Murc.h--April 1972. 236-237 (in Rmviun) 731. Application of the Knudsen method in mass spectrometer type MCX-3A. (USSR) An inlet system with a Knudsen cell for a mass spectrometer type MCX-3A is described. The inlet system permits investigation of evaporation processes of low-volatile materials under conditions near equilibrium and also processes in crossed beams in the temperature range 600-2500 K. High vacuum of 3 : IO-’ torr in the system is provided by mercury diffusion pumps with liquid nitrogen traps. I A Ratkovskiy and A D Isichenko, Pvih Tekh Eksper, No 2, Marc/rApril 1973, 243 (in Russian). 23. PLUMBING 13 732. A demountable vacuum-tight joint. (USSR) A demountable vacuum-tight joint with a simplified construction is described. The sealing ring is matched to cylindrical channels in the conical surfaces of the elements to be connected, and thus acts as a guide to the positioning of the latter. This arrangement ensures precise orientation of the parts being joined together, without any additional special centring devices capable of developing faults, such as those in vogue at the present time. V D Gandyul, USSR Patent No 324445, appl 7th April 1970, puhld 15th Feh 1972. -37
FLUIDS
21 727. Molecular vacuum pump. (USSR) A modified form of molecular vacuum pump designed to give a high degree of compression while preserving a simple construction is described. The blades are made radial, and barriers are fixed in the flow section of the pump walls so as to give the smallest possible radial gap relative to the blades. In order to prevent the gas from flowing the wrong way, the barrier have a width greater than the pitch of the blades, and additional apertures are also provided to promote flow in the preferred direction and eliminate leakage. V D Lubenets et al, USSR Patent No 326374, appl 13th Feh 1970, pub/d 3rd March 1972.
382
21 729. Basic theory of quadrupole mass spectrometers in pulse operation. (USSR) Pulse zones of stability and trajectories of ions are calculated. The maximum amplitude of oscillations of stable particles is determined. It is intended that pulse operation of quadrupole mass specirometcrs will allow a reduction in the severe requirements on accuracy of the electrode system and the stability of applied voltages. Pulse operation also allows utilization of other zones of stability of quadrupole mass spectrometers. E P Sheretov and V I Terentev, Z/z Tekh Fiz, 42 (5). Ma?, 1972, 953 962 (in Russian).
733. Vacuum-tight cementing of organic glass to stainless steel. (USSR) A method of cementing large pieces of organic glass to stainless steel components using polyurethane cement is described. Construction of a high-voltage insulator of organic glass and stainless steel is described. G 0 Meskhi and V B Sidorov, Prib Tekh Ekspcr, No 2, March April 1972, I 57-l 58 (in Rmvian). 24. VALVES 21 734. Device for admitting gas. (USSR) An improved gas-admitting device incorporating a porous plate connected to an ultrasonic generator is described. When the ultrasonic generator is set in action, tensile stresses are created in the plate and the passage of gas through the latter is accelerated. The thermal effects of the vibrations expand the plate metal and this also promotes the freer passage of gas. By varying the output of the generator the rate of gas flow may be accurately controlled, and the system may be used for a wide range of gases. A typical plate is made of nickel 0.05 mm thick and a typical generator power is
abstracts
723-734
with the aid of a monitor. The monitor enables separation of the emitted electrons into two groups: tertiary electrons with energies between 0 and 120 eV and secondary electrons with energies higher than 120 eV. V I Vitko et al, Prih Tekh Ek.vper, No 2, March--April 1912, 148-149 (in Russia,l)
order to preserve a high vacuum over long periods, the water-cooled vacuum jacket of the camera attachment is extended for some distance beyond the camera and an additional absorbing system such as a getter-ion pump is also incorporated. Yu A Krakovetskii-Kocherzhinskii et al, USSR Parrot h’cj 212380. appl 14th Feh 1966. publd 22nd May 1972.
723. Dependence of exoemission on variations of work function during elongation. (Germany) The variations of photostimulated exoelectron emission on decrease of the work function of Pd, Au and Pt during elongation are investigated in vacuum of 5 ,’ IO-” torr. Experimental results are discussed. (USSR) V S Kortov and Yu D Semko, Ph_v.v Stat Sol (a). I1 (I ), May 1972, K35-K37 (in German). 18 724. Conditions of electrical breakdown of gas gaps at low pressure. (USSR) It is shown that the conditions of low-pressure discharge excitation in gaps with cold and hot cathodes can be considered as a special case of the conditions of electrical breakdown of gas gap between plasma and positive electrode. Yu E Kreyndel, Zh Tckh Fiz, 42 (4), April 1972, 897-898 (in Russian).
22. GAUGES
18 725. Significance of the glowing region near the cathode and residual electric field in it for existence of glow discharge. (Germany) It is experimentally shown that in the region of glow near cathode a considerable electric field exists, which provides enhanced ionization of atoms. Charges diffuse from this region to the dark cathode space. P Bause, Wiss Z Techn Hochsch Ilnwnau, 17 (3), 1971, 97-l I3 (in Gcnnan).
II. Vacuum 20. PUMPING
apparatus
and auxiliaries
SYSTEMS
20 726. Vacuum furnace. (USSR) A vacuum furnace intended for the processing of semiconducting devices, including diffusion structures incorporating p II junctions, is described. The pressure disc of the furnace is furnished with \,ertical rods and sharp contacts and is so sited as to minimize its effect on the temperature distribution of the working space. In this way the operations of alloying (doping) and zone melting may be carried out in a single continuous process and the time of production may accordingly be reduced, the proportion of faulty products also diminishing. The exact geometry of the furnace depends on the nature of the parts being produced and processed. V D Zotov et al, USSR Patent No 328519, appl 3rd Sept 1970, published 3rd April 1972 (in Russian). 21. PUMPS
AND
PUMP
-_
728. High-temperature, high-vacuum attachment to an x-ray diffractometer. (USSR) An improved high-temperature, high-vacuum attachment to an x-ray diffractometer intended for taking x-ray photographs by the BraggBrentano method is described. In order to extend the working range of diffraction angles, the window of the camera is made in the form of a continuous hollow cylinder connected via a corrugated sealing ring of soft material such as copper to the body of the camera. In
I
I
730. Modulator of ion source. (USSR) Transistorized circuitry for modulation of ion current of ion source of mass spectrometer by rectangular pulses with repetition frequency of 200 Hz is described. The emission current is stabilized to 0. I “,;, in the range of 0.5 to IO mA. I, F Berzin, Prib Tekh Ekspw. No 2, Murc.h--April 1972. 236-237 (in Rmviun) 731. Application of the Knudsen method in mass spectrometer type MCX-3A. (USSR) An inlet system with a Knudsen cell for a mass spectrometer type MCX-3A is described. The inlet system permits investigation of evaporation processes of low-volatile materials under conditions near equilibrium and also processes in crossed beams in the temperature range 600-2500 K. High vacuum of 3 : IO-’ torr in the system is provided by mercury diffusion pumps with liquid nitrogen traps. I A Ratkovskiy and A D Isichenko, Pvih Tekh Eksper, No 2, Marc/rApril 1973, 243 (in Russian). 23. PLUMBING 13 732. A demountable vacuum-tight joint. (USSR) A demountable vacuum-tight joint with a simplified construction is described. The sealing ring is matched to cylindrical channels in the conical surfaces of the elements to be connected, and thus acts as a guide to the positioning of the latter. This arrangement ensures precise orientation of the parts being joined together, without any additional special centring devices capable of developing faults, such as those in vogue at the present time. V D Gandyul, USSR Patent No 324445, appl 7th April 1970, puhld 15th Feh 1972. -37
FLUIDS
21 727. Molecular vacuum pump. (USSR) A modified form of molecular vacuum pump designed to give a high degree of compression while preserving a simple construction is described. The blades are made radial, and barriers are fixed in the flow section of the pump walls so as to give the smallest possible radial gap relative to the blades. In order to prevent the gas from flowing the wrong way, the barrier have a width greater than the pitch of the blades, and additional apertures are also provided to promote flow in the preferred direction and eliminate leakage. V D Lubenets et al, USSR Patent No 326374, appl 13th Feh 1970, pub/d 3rd March 1972.
382
21 729. Basic theory of quadrupole mass spectrometers in pulse operation. (USSR) Pulse zones of stability and trajectories of ions are calculated. The maximum amplitude of oscillations of stable particles is determined. It is intended that pulse operation of quadrupole mass specirometcrs will allow a reduction in the severe requirements on accuracy of the electrode system and the stability of applied voltages. Pulse operation also allows utilization of other zones of stability of quadrupole mass spectrometers. E P Sheretov and V I Terentev, Z/z Tekh Fiz, 42 (5). Ma?, 1972, 953 962 (in Russian).
733. Vacuum-tight cementing of organic glass to stainless steel. (USSR) A method of cementing large pieces of organic glass to stainless steel components using polyurethane cement is described. Construction of a high-voltage insulator of organic glass and stainless steel is described. G 0 Meskhi and V B Sidorov, Prib Tekh Ekspcr, No 2, March April 1972, I 57-l 58 (in Rmvian). 24. VALVES 21 734. Device for admitting gas. (USSR) An improved gas-admitting device incorporating a porous plate connected to an ultrasonic generator is described. When the ultrasonic generator is set in action, tensile stresses are created in the plate and the passage of gas through the latter is accelerated. The thermal effects of the vibrations expand the plate metal and this also promotes the freer passage of gas. By varying the output of the generator the rate of gas flow may be accurately controlled, and the system may be used for a wide range of gases. A typical plate is made of nickel 0.05 mm thick and a typical generator power is