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7–4: Kupferschiefer Copper Deposits of SW Poland
Box 7-4
271
7–4: Kupferschiefer Copper Deposits of SW Poland Lubin–Sieroszowice District: Lat. 51°35’ N, Long. 16°6’ E Slawomir Oszczepalskia, Derek Blundellb* a
b
Polish Geological Institute, Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warsaw, Poland Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, England Received 30 April 2004, accepted 15 January 2005 Morphology: stratiform bed, peneconcordant, locally discordant (Fig. 2). 20% of Cu mineralization occurs in Kupferschiefer black shale, 50% in underlying Rotliegend sandstone and 30% in overlying Zechstein limestone. Cu mineralization associated with redox surface, the Rote Fäule. Age of mineralization: Early Triassic, 190 to 216 Ma, based on illite diagenesis. Ore minerals: chalcocite, bornite, chalcopyrite. Alteration: Rote Fäule-related oxidation and hematization. Age of host rocks: Permian, 258 Ma. Nature of host rocks: Kupferschiefer Fm, base Zechstein (unconformable upon Rotliegend clastics and bimodal volcanics), aeolian sandstones, marine black shales and marls, marine dolomites and limestones.
Fig. 1. Distribution of Kupferschiefer copper deposits in Poland (Oszczepalski and Rydzewski, 1997): the Lubin– Sieroszowice district is in dark green, where the amount of copper in the deposits is 20 kg per square metre of surface area. The area of uppermost Rotliegend dune-bedded aeolian sandstone (Karnkowski, 1999) is shown by crescent dunes. FSB – fore-Sudetic block; L – Lubin; P – Poznan; W – Wroclaw.
Producing mining district: Lubin, Polkowice– Sieroszowice and Rudna (Fig. 1). Mining: Underground (650 to 1150 m). Commodities: Cu, Ag, Pb, Au, Pt, Pd, Ni, Se, Re, Co, Zn, Mo, V. Annual production (2003): 569,000 t Cu, 17,550 t Pb, 1,561 t Ag, 1,955 t nickel sulphate, 0.296 t Au, 0.034 t slime Pt+Pd, 68 t Se. Economic reserves: 2,369 Mt ores, 47.07 Mt Cu @ 1.3 to 2.6%, 135,000 t Ag @ 30 to 80 g/t. Type: Kupferschiefer (Cu shale) Cu–Ag deposits (Pb, Zn, Co, Mo, Ni, V, Se, Au, Pt, Pd, Re), Rote Fäule-related Au–Pt–Pd mineralization (resources in Polkowice area 66 t Au @ 1.8 g/t).
* corresponding author: e-mail [email protected] 0169-1368/$ - see front matter D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2005.07.009
Fig. 2. Schematic cross-section of the Polish Kupferschiefer copper mineralization (Oszczepalski, 1999), modified from Rentzsch (1974).
References: Karnkowski, P.H., 1999. Origin and evolution of the Polish Rotliegend Basin. Polish Geological Institute Special Papers 3, 93 pp. Oszczepalski, S., 1999. Origin of the Kupferschiefer polymetallic mineralization in Poland. Mineralium Deposita 34, 599–613. Oszczepalski, S., Rydzewski, A., 1997. Metallogenic Atlas of the Zechstein Copper-Bearing Series in Poland. Polish Geological Institute, Warsaw, 32 pp., 16 pl. Rentzsch, J., 1974. The Kupferschiefer in comparison with the deposits of the Zambian Copperbelt. In: Bartholomé, P. (Ed.), Gisements Stratiformes et Provinces Cupriferes. Societé géologique de Belgique, Liège, pp. 395–418.
271
7–4: Kupferschiefer Copper Deposits of SW Poland Lubin–Sieroszowice District: Lat. 51°35’ N, Long. 16°6’ E Slawomir Oszczepalskia, Derek Blundellb* a
b
Polish Geological Institute, Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warsaw, Poland Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, England Received 30 April 2004, accepted 15 January 2005 Morphology: stratiform bed, peneconcordant, locally discordant (Fig. 2). 20% of Cu mineralization occurs in Kupferschiefer black shale, 50% in underlying Rotliegend sandstone and 30% in overlying Zechstein limestone. Cu mineralization associated with redox surface, the Rote Fäule. Age of mineralization: Early Triassic, 190 to 216 Ma, based on illite diagenesis. Ore minerals: chalcocite, bornite, chalcopyrite. Alteration: Rote Fäule-related oxidation and hematization. Age of host rocks: Permian, 258 Ma. Nature of host rocks: Kupferschiefer Fm, base Zechstein (unconformable upon Rotliegend clastics and bimodal volcanics), aeolian sandstones, marine black shales and marls, marine dolomites and limestones.
Fig. 1. Distribution of Kupferschiefer copper deposits in Poland (Oszczepalski and Rydzewski, 1997): the Lubin– Sieroszowice district is in dark green, where the amount of copper in the deposits is 20 kg per square metre of surface area. The area of uppermost Rotliegend dune-bedded aeolian sandstone (Karnkowski, 1999) is shown by crescent dunes. FSB – fore-Sudetic block; L – Lubin; P – Poznan; W – Wroclaw.
Producing mining district: Lubin, Polkowice– Sieroszowice and Rudna (Fig. 1). Mining: Underground (650 to 1150 m). Commodities: Cu, Ag, Pb, Au, Pt, Pd, Ni, Se, Re, Co, Zn, Mo, V. Annual production (2003): 569,000 t Cu, 17,550 t Pb, 1,561 t Ag, 1,955 t nickel sulphate, 0.296 t Au, 0.034 t slime Pt+Pd, 68 t Se. Economic reserves: 2,369 Mt ores, 47.07 Mt Cu @ 1.3 to 2.6%, 135,000 t Ag @ 30 to 80 g/t. Type: Kupferschiefer (Cu shale) Cu–Ag deposits (Pb, Zn, Co, Mo, Ni, V, Se, Au, Pt, Pd, Re), Rote Fäule-related Au–Pt–Pd mineralization (resources in Polkowice area 66 t Au @ 1.8 g/t).
* corresponding author: e-mail [email protected] 0169-1368/$ - see front matter D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2005.07.009
Fig. 2. Schematic cross-section of the Polish Kupferschiefer copper mineralization (Oszczepalski, 1999), modified from Rentzsch (1974).
References: Karnkowski, P.H., 1999. Origin and evolution of the Polish Rotliegend Basin. Polish Geological Institute Special Papers 3, 93 pp. Oszczepalski, S., 1999. Origin of the Kupferschiefer polymetallic mineralization in Poland. Mineralium Deposita 34, 599–613. Oszczepalski, S., Rydzewski, A., 1997. Metallogenic Atlas of the Zechstein Copper-Bearing Series in Poland. Polish Geological Institute, Warsaw, 32 pp., 16 pl. Rentzsch, J., 1974. The Kupferschiefer in comparison with the deposits of the Zambian Copperbelt. In: Bartholomé, P. (Ed.), Gisements Stratiformes et Provinces Cupriferes. Societé géologique de Belgique, Liège, pp. 395–418.